对思想的操纵:反思美国9/11后酷刑计划的遗留问题。

Maria Hartwig, Mark Fallon
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It's not fiction\", as he announced that his team of scientific advisors would summon \"science and truth\" to combat climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic and other challenges facing his new administration, adding \"The same laws apply, the same evidence holds true regardless of whether you accept them.\" President Biden can show his self-proclaimed commitment to truth by following through on his words with action. In particular, he can fulfil the task which his two predecessors, Trump and Obama, both failed to do: Closing the detention facility at Guantánamo Bay. The same United States law and international law apply; the same evidence, or lack thereof holds true for those remaining 38 prisoners being held within the confines of a US-run concentration camp in the Caribbean. The laws of science apply, the rules of evidence apply, and the rule of law applies. Science and truth cannot be situationally applied to suit political agendas, especially not within the confines of a facility once called a \"Battle Lab\" (Leopold, 2015), where the military touts phrases like \"honor bound\" and \"defend freedom\" at the entrance, yet the truths of what goes on inside are withheld from the public record, via the government's complex layers of secrecy, including classification, redactions, and obfuscations. There can be no justice without truth. The system has derailed every effort to bring the suspected 9/11 terrorists to justice before tribunals that have failed and have been derailed by torture. While President Biden can't remove the stain of the national torture policies, he can show that the Constitution endures; that the rule of law prevails, by illuminating the shadowland of the torture regime. Joe Biden needs to demonstrate that truth matters - even painful truths. In this article, we will describe that through a painstaking and laborious process of discovery, we now know that behind the gates of Guantánamo Bay and its related archipelago of black sites there were prisoners, often held on dubious grounds or no reasonable grounds at all. We know that these prisoners were submitted to treatments aimed squarely at generating complete psychological disintegration. As we will lay out in the article, prisoners captured during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom were subjected to physical violence, sexual violence, and an astonishing array of psychologically abusive tactics under the misnomer 'interrogation'. We also know that the torture program metastasized into a monster, as if lifted from the pages of the most absurd of postmodern fictions, and that the United States has never held anyone accountable, nor faced any reckoning for this disaster of human rights (Senate Select Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency Detention and Interrogation Program, 2014). And we know that the disaster that was the torture program was all based on lies, one big lie in particular - that torture worked to break through to truth. The chief argument, which we will defend below, is that the schemers behind the system of torture knew all along that this was bogus; that torture does nothing to produce truth, that what it breaks is a person's autonomy and very selfhood, rendering them compliant in the extreme. Indeed, the CIA and United States military, who both committed war crimes, knew all along that they propagated falsehoods - our main argument is that the historical record shows that the CIA itself has a long history of studying precisely the effect of techniques like those employed post 9/11. As we shall see, the so called architects had no interrogation experience, but were well-versed in communist-based methodologies known to produce false information.</p>","PeriodicalId":75230,"journal":{"name":"Torture : quarterly journal on rehabilitation of torture victims and prevention of torture","volume":"32 3","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The manipulation of minds:reckoning with the legacy of the american post 9/11 torture program.\",\"authors\":\"Maria Hartwig,&nbsp;Mark Fallon\",\"doi\":\"10.7146/torture.v32i3.131962\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>In this article, we argue that the government's post 9-11 torture program was a big lie, in that the designers, executors and enablers knew all along that torture does not elicit reliable information. 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As we will lay out in the article, prisoners captured during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom were subjected to physical violence, sexual violence, and an astonishing array of psychologically abusive tactics under the misnomer 'interrogation'. We also know that the torture program metastasized into a monster, as if lifted from the pages of the most absurd of postmodern fictions, and that the United States has never held anyone accountable, nor faced any reckoning for this disaster of human rights (Senate Select Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency Detention and Interrogation Program, 2014). And we know that the disaster that was the torture program was all based on lies, one big lie in particular - that torture worked to break through to truth. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

在这篇文章中,我们认为政府在9-11之后的酷刑计划是一个大谎言,因为设计者、执行者和推动者一直都知道酷刑不会引出可靠的信息。我们回顾了政府自己对这个问题的研究,并讨论了已知不可靠的方法的实施方式,最明显的是在Guantánamo湾的拘留设施。我们审查了在Guantánamo和世界各地的黑狱围绕酷刑项目的规模和恐怖的秘密和宣传,以及政府如何在不知情的情况下,违反国际人权和法律,故意采取酷刑项目的恐怖政策的痛苦真相。2021年1月20日,小约瑟夫·r·拜登(Joseph R. Biden Jr.)成为美国第46任总统,此前的选举很可能是美国近代史上最混乱的选举。2021年1月6日,特朗普的支持者冲进了华盛顿特区的国会大厦,这场骚乱达到了顶峰。这场长期持续的政治动荡的核心是被称为“大谎言”的东西——一个完全被证明是错误的观点,即拜登的胜利是基于欺诈的基础上的,而特朗普的选举是由于腐败的投票程序而窃取的。拜登总统一贯反对歪曲事实,并在国家舞台上表现得像一个理性的人,一个坚定的科学支持者。他宣称“科学就是发现”。这不是虚构的”,他宣布他的科学顾问团队将召唤“科学和真相”来应对气候变化、COVID-19大流行以及他的新政府面临的其他挑战,并补充说“同样的法律适用,同样的证据也适用,无论你是否接受它们。”拜登总统可以通过言行一致来展示他对真理的承诺。特别是,他可以完成他的两位前任特朗普和奥巴马都未能完成的任务:关闭Guantánamo湾的拘留设施。同样适用美国法律和国际法;同样的证据,或缺乏证据,也适用于被关押在美国管理的加勒比海集中营的其余38名囚犯。科学法则适用,证据规则适用,法治适用。科学和真理不能根据情况适用于政治议程,尤其是在一个曾经被称为“战斗实验室”的设施的范围内(利奥波德,2015),军方在入口处吹捧“荣誉束缚”和“捍卫自由”等短语,但内部发生的事情的真相却被隐瞒在公共记录之外,通过政府复杂的保密层,包括分类、编辑和混淆。没有真理就没有正义。这一制度阻碍了将9/11恐怖分子嫌疑人绳之以法的所有努力,这些努力都以失败告终,并因酷刑而受到阻碍。虽然拜登总统无法消除国家酷刑政策的污点,但他可以证明宪法是持久的;法治盛行,通过揭露酷刑政权的阴影。乔·拜登需要证明真相很重要——即使是痛苦的真相。在这篇文章中,我们将描述,通过一个艰苦和费力的发现过程,我们现在知道,在Guantánamo湾及其相关的黑狱群岛的大门后面有囚犯,他们往往以可疑的理由或根本没有合理的理由被关押。我们知道这些囚犯接受的治疗完全是为了使他们的心理完全崩溃。正如我们将在文章中所述,在“持久自由行动”和“伊拉克自由行动”中被捕的囚犯遭受了身体暴力、性暴力和一系列令人震惊的心理虐待策略,这些策略被误称为“审讯”。我们也知道,酷刑项目已经变成了一个怪物,仿佛是从最荒谬的后现代小说中摘取出来的,而美国从未追究过任何人的责任,也没有为这场人权灾难承担任何责任(参议院特别委员会对中央情报局拘留和审讯项目的研究,2014年)。我们知道酷刑项目带来的灾难都是建立在谎言之上的,尤其是一个很大的谎言——酷刑可以帮助我们突破真相。我们下面会讲到的主要论点是,酷刑系统背后的阴谋家一直都知道这是假的;酷刑不会产生真相,它破坏的是一个人的自主和自我,使他们极端顺从。 的确,CIA和美国军方都犯下了战争罪,他们一直都知道自己在传播谎言——我们的主要论点是,历史记录表明,CIA本身在精确研究9/11后使用的技术的影响方面有着悠久的历史。正如我们将看到的,所谓的建筑师没有审讯经验,但精通以制造虚假信息为基础的共产主义方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The manipulation of minds:reckoning with the legacy of the american post 9/11 torture program.

In this article, we argue that the government's post 9-11 torture program was a big lie, in that the designers, executors and enablers knew all along that torture does not elicit reliable information. We review the government's own research on the matter, and we discuss the ways in which methods known to be unreliable were implemented, most saliently at the detention facility at Guantánamo Bay. We review the secrecy and propaganda surrounding the scope and horror of the torture program at Guantánamo and black sites around the world, and the painful truth of how the government knowingly adopted the terror policies of the torture program, against their own knowledge, against international human rights, and against the law. On January 20, 2021, Joseph R. Biden, Jr. became the 46th President of the United States, following what might very well have been the most chaotic election in the recent history of the United States. The turmoil reached a peak on Jan 6, 2021, when Trump supporters stormed the Capitol in Washington, DC. At the center of this extended and ongoing political upheaval is what has been labeled "The Big Lie" - the completely disproven notion that Biden's win was based on fraudulent grounds, and that the election was stolen from Trump because of a corrupted voting process. President Biden has consistently rejected reality warping and presents himself on the national stage as a man of reason, and a strong supporter of science. He has proclaimed "Science is discovery. It's not fiction", as he announced that his team of scientific advisors would summon "science and truth" to combat climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic and other challenges facing his new administration, adding "The same laws apply, the same evidence holds true regardless of whether you accept them." President Biden can show his self-proclaimed commitment to truth by following through on his words with action. In particular, he can fulfil the task which his two predecessors, Trump and Obama, both failed to do: Closing the detention facility at Guantánamo Bay. The same United States law and international law apply; the same evidence, or lack thereof holds true for those remaining 38 prisoners being held within the confines of a US-run concentration camp in the Caribbean. The laws of science apply, the rules of evidence apply, and the rule of law applies. Science and truth cannot be situationally applied to suit political agendas, especially not within the confines of a facility once called a "Battle Lab" (Leopold, 2015), where the military touts phrases like "honor bound" and "defend freedom" at the entrance, yet the truths of what goes on inside are withheld from the public record, via the government's complex layers of secrecy, including classification, redactions, and obfuscations. There can be no justice without truth. The system has derailed every effort to bring the suspected 9/11 terrorists to justice before tribunals that have failed and have been derailed by torture. While President Biden can't remove the stain of the national torture policies, he can show that the Constitution endures; that the rule of law prevails, by illuminating the shadowland of the torture regime. Joe Biden needs to demonstrate that truth matters - even painful truths. In this article, we will describe that through a painstaking and laborious process of discovery, we now know that behind the gates of Guantánamo Bay and its related archipelago of black sites there were prisoners, often held on dubious grounds or no reasonable grounds at all. We know that these prisoners were submitted to treatments aimed squarely at generating complete psychological disintegration. As we will lay out in the article, prisoners captured during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom were subjected to physical violence, sexual violence, and an astonishing array of psychologically abusive tactics under the misnomer 'interrogation'. We also know that the torture program metastasized into a monster, as if lifted from the pages of the most absurd of postmodern fictions, and that the United States has never held anyone accountable, nor faced any reckoning for this disaster of human rights (Senate Select Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency Detention and Interrogation Program, 2014). And we know that the disaster that was the torture program was all based on lies, one big lie in particular - that torture worked to break through to truth. The chief argument, which we will defend below, is that the schemers behind the system of torture knew all along that this was bogus; that torture does nothing to produce truth, that what it breaks is a person's autonomy and very selfhood, rendering them compliant in the extreme. Indeed, the CIA and United States military, who both committed war crimes, knew all along that they propagated falsehoods - our main argument is that the historical record shows that the CIA itself has a long history of studying precisely the effect of techniques like those employed post 9/11. As we shall see, the so called architects had no interrogation experience, but were well-versed in communist-based methodologies known to produce false information.

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