{"title":"麻疹病史","authors":"Patrick Berche","doi":"10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104149","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Measles is a highly contagious viral disease transmitted by aerosols through human-to-human contact. It is often considered as a benign disease, although mortality remains high in developing countries (>5%). Frequent complications (diarrhea, otitis, pneumonia, encephalitis) can be observed. The disease mainly affects young children from 5 to 6 months of age with a mortality peak in the first three years of life. The Persian physician Rhazes gave the first clinical description of the disease in the 10th century, clearly differentiating it from smallpox. Measles spread worldwide from the Renaissance. Its epidemiology was remarkably studied in 1846 by a Danish physician, Peter Panum, during an epidemic in the Faroe Islands. The viral nature of this disease was demonstrated in 1911 and the virus was identified in 1954 by Thomas Peebles and John Enders. It is a morbillivirus (family <em>Paramyxoviridae</em>), also responsible for rinderpest (ovine, bovine), distemper (canine, feline), and epidemic diseases of dolphins, porpoises and seals. The current measles virus appeared recently from the rinderpest virus around the 6th century BCE. It has adapted perfectly to the human species, becoming strictly human, without animal reservoirs. A live attenuated vaccine was developed in 1958 by Enders' team after numerous passages in cell cultures. The vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1963 and is used on a large scale by the WHO throughout the world. This highly effective and well-tolerated vaccine has greatly reduced the number of measles cases and saved millions of lives. Measles remains a major public health concern, causing over 100,000 deaths per year worldwide. Today, the most affected continents remain Africa, South America and Asia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20530,"journal":{"name":"Presse Medicale","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 104149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0755498222000422/pdfft?md5=a01bdd30ec430de62de4f0824d067749&pid=1-s2.0-S0755498222000422-main.pdf","citationCount":"4","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"History of measles\",\"authors\":\"Patrick Berche\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104149\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Measles is a highly contagious viral disease transmitted by aerosols through human-to-human contact. It is often considered as a benign disease, although mortality remains high in developing countries (>5%). Frequent complications (diarrhea, otitis, pneumonia, encephalitis) can be observed. The disease mainly affects young children from 5 to 6 months of age with a mortality peak in the first three years of life. The Persian physician Rhazes gave the first clinical description of the disease in the 10th century, clearly differentiating it from smallpox. Measles spread worldwide from the Renaissance. Its epidemiology was remarkably studied in 1846 by a Danish physician, Peter Panum, during an epidemic in the Faroe Islands. The viral nature of this disease was demonstrated in 1911 and the virus was identified in 1954 by Thomas Peebles and John Enders. It is a morbillivirus (family <em>Paramyxoviridae</em>), also responsible for rinderpest (ovine, bovine), distemper (canine, feline), and epidemic diseases of dolphins, porpoises and seals. The current measles virus appeared recently from the rinderpest virus around the 6th century BCE. It has adapted perfectly to the human species, becoming strictly human, without animal reservoirs. A live attenuated vaccine was developed in 1958 by Enders' team after numerous passages in cell cultures. The vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1963 and is used on a large scale by the WHO throughout the world. This highly effective and well-tolerated vaccine has greatly reduced the number of measles cases and saved millions of lives. Measles remains a major public health concern, causing over 100,000 deaths per year worldwide. 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Measles is a highly contagious viral disease transmitted by aerosols through human-to-human contact. It is often considered as a benign disease, although mortality remains high in developing countries (>5%). Frequent complications (diarrhea, otitis, pneumonia, encephalitis) can be observed. The disease mainly affects young children from 5 to 6 months of age with a mortality peak in the first three years of life. The Persian physician Rhazes gave the first clinical description of the disease in the 10th century, clearly differentiating it from smallpox. Measles spread worldwide from the Renaissance. Its epidemiology was remarkably studied in 1846 by a Danish physician, Peter Panum, during an epidemic in the Faroe Islands. The viral nature of this disease was demonstrated in 1911 and the virus was identified in 1954 by Thomas Peebles and John Enders. It is a morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae), also responsible for rinderpest (ovine, bovine), distemper (canine, feline), and epidemic diseases of dolphins, porpoises and seals. The current measles virus appeared recently from the rinderpest virus around the 6th century BCE. It has adapted perfectly to the human species, becoming strictly human, without animal reservoirs. A live attenuated vaccine was developed in 1958 by Enders' team after numerous passages in cell cultures. The vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1963 and is used on a large scale by the WHO throughout the world. This highly effective and well-tolerated vaccine has greatly reduced the number of measles cases and saved millions of lives. Measles remains a major public health concern, causing over 100,000 deaths per year worldwide. Today, the most affected continents remain Africa, South America and Asia.
期刊介绍:
Seule revue médicale "généraliste" de haut niveau, La Presse Médicale est l''équivalent francophone des grandes revues anglosaxonnes de publication et de formation continue.
A raison d''un numéro par mois, La Presse Médicale vous offre une double approche éditoriale :
- des publications originales (articles originaux, revues systématiques, cas cliniques) soumises à double expertise, portant sur les avancées médicales les plus récentes ;
- une partie orientée vers la FMC, vous propose une mise à jour permanente et de haut niveau de vos connaissances, sous forme de dossiers thématiques et de mises au point dans les principales spécialités médicales, pour vous aider à optimiser votre formation.