{"title":"认知缺陷：艾滋病患者的语言和语义流利性。","authors":"Ganka Ivanova, Rakan Alhrahsheh, Kaloyan Kukov","doi":"10.2174/1570162X21666230613124240","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, the virus has taken millions of lives worldwide. The United Nations AIDS Fund's statistics reported that deaths caused by HIVrelated conditions and AIDS were about 39 million from the beginning of the epidemic to 2015. The united global efforts to fight the virus are considerably changing the indicators, such as mortality and morbidity, but the challenges remain. The total number of people living with HIV in Bulgaria as of 12th May, 2015, was 2,121. As of 30th November, 2016, the official data reported 2 460 people living with HIV. As of 13th February, 2017, 2 487 individuals were HIV-seropositive. Approximately 60% of people with HIV are prone to developing cognitive impairment due to the infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to know the level of cognitive deficiency, in particular, the verbal and semantic fluency of people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out. The Stewart test was used to compare the average independent samples. For clarity, the average values, the test statistics, and the estimated significance levels are presented in the tables. Additionally, a statistical mechanism of factor selection was used by the forward stepwise method. The Wilks' Lambda statistic reported values between 0 and 1, with values close to zero indicating good discrimination of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to this research, the HIV positives participants generated fewer verbs than the ones from the control group. The data were partially confirmed by the present study. There were differences in terms of both adjectives and nouns among people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study data proves that language deficits are detectable in neurocognitive testing of HIV. The overall hypothesis of the study has been confirmed. The language impairments are primarily qualitative and can be used as a marker for the initial and subsequent therapy assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10911,"journal":{"name":"Current HIV Research","volume":"21 3","pages":"202-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556403/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Cognitive Deficits: Verbal and Semantic Fluency in People Living with HIV and AIDS.\",\"authors\":\"Ganka Ivanova, Rakan Alhrahsheh, Kaloyan Kukov\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/1570162X21666230613124240\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, the virus has taken millions of lives worldwide. The United Nations AIDS Fund's statistics reported that deaths caused by HIVrelated conditions and AIDS were about 39 million from the beginning of the epidemic to 2015. The united global efforts to fight the virus are considerably changing the indicators, such as mortality and morbidity, but the challenges remain. The total number of people living with HIV in Bulgaria as of 12th May, 2015, was 2,121. As of 30th November, 2016, the official data reported 2 460 people living with HIV. As of 13th February, 2017, 2 487 individuals were HIV-seropositive. Approximately 60% of people with HIV are prone to developing cognitive impairment due to the infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to know the level of cognitive deficiency, in particular, the verbal and semantic fluency of people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out. The Stewart test was used to compare the average independent samples. For clarity, the average values, the test statistics, and the estimated significance levels are presented in the tables. Additionally, a statistical mechanism of factor selection was used by the forward stepwise method. The Wilks' Lambda statistic reported values between 0 and 1, with values close to zero indicating good discrimination of the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to this research, the HIV positives participants generated fewer verbs than the ones from the control group. The data were partially confirmed by the present study. There were differences in terms of both adjectives and nouns among people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study data proves that language deficits are detectable in neurocognitive testing of HIV. The overall hypothesis of the study has been confirmed. The language impairments are primarily qualitative and can be used as a marker for the initial and subsequent therapy assessment.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10911,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current HIV Research\",\"volume\":\"21 3\",\"pages\":\"202-212\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556403/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current HIV Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570162X21666230613124240\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"IMMUNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current HIV Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570162X21666230613124240","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive Deficits: Verbal and Semantic Fluency in People Living with HIV and AIDS.
Background: Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, the virus has taken millions of lives worldwide. The United Nations AIDS Fund's statistics reported that deaths caused by HIVrelated conditions and AIDS were about 39 million from the beginning of the epidemic to 2015. The united global efforts to fight the virus are considerably changing the indicators, such as mortality and morbidity, but the challenges remain. The total number of people living with HIV in Bulgaria as of 12th May, 2015, was 2,121. As of 30th November, 2016, the official data reported 2 460 people living with HIV. As of 13th February, 2017, 2 487 individuals were HIV-seropositive. Approximately 60% of people with HIV are prone to developing cognitive impairment due to the infection.
Objective: This study aimed to know the level of cognitive deficiency, in particular, the verbal and semantic fluency of people living with HIV and AIDS.
Methods: In this study, a comparative analysis was carried out. The Stewart test was used to compare the average independent samples. For clarity, the average values, the test statistics, and the estimated significance levels are presented in the tables. Additionally, a statistical mechanism of factor selection was used by the forward stepwise method. The Wilks' Lambda statistic reported values between 0 and 1, with values close to zero indicating good discrimination of the model.
Results: According to this research, the HIV positives participants generated fewer verbs than the ones from the control group. The data were partially confirmed by the present study. There were differences in terms of both adjectives and nouns among people living with HIV and AIDS.
Conclusion: The study data proves that language deficits are detectable in neurocognitive testing of HIV. The overall hypothesis of the study has been confirmed. The language impairments are primarily qualitative and can be used as a marker for the initial and subsequent therapy assessment.
期刊介绍：
Current HIV Research covers all the latest and outstanding developments of HIV research by publishing original research, review articles and guest edited thematic issues. The novel pioneering work in the basic and clinical fields on all areas of HIV research covers: virus replication and gene expression, HIV assembly, virus-cell interaction, viral pathogenesis, epidemiology and transmission, anti-retroviral therapy and adherence, drug discovery, the latest developments in HIV/AIDS vaccines and animal models, mechanisms and interactions with AIDS related diseases, social and public health issues related to HIV disease, and prevention of viral infection. Periodically, the journal invites guest editors to devote an issue on a particular area of HIV research of great interest that increases our understanding of the virus and its complex interaction with the host.
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