细菌的理化平衡。

IF 10.1 2区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Bert Poolman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在活细胞中,能量提供、分子合成、基因表达和细胞分裂等生化过程都是在一个密闭的空间中进行的,其内部的化学和物理条件与稀释溶液中的不同。不同类型细胞的特定分子浓度以及特定反应和相互作用各不相同,但有一些因素是普遍存在的,并保持在一定范围内,我们称之为理化平衡。例如,许多类型细胞的内部 pH 值保持在 7.0 到 7.5 的范围内,大分子的比例占细胞体积的 15%-20%(也称为大分子拥挤),离子强度保持在一定范围内,以防止盐入或盐出效应。在本文中,我们将总结细菌细胞质的一般物理化学特性、它们与细胞能量状态的关系以及它们如何影响生物过程(图 1)。我们描述了如何调节内部 pH 值和质子动力,如何将内部离子强度保持在一定范围内,大分子拥挤对酶的功能和分子间相互作用的影响,细胞如何调节其体积(和张力),以及细胞质的结构。理化平衡在大肠杆菌中得到了最好的理解,但在乳酸菌中也进行了开创性的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Physicochemical homeostasis in bacteria.

Physicochemical homeostasis in bacteria.

Physicochemical homeostasis in bacteria.

Physicochemical homeostasis in bacteria.

In living cells, the biochemical processes such as energy provision, molecule synthesis, gene expression, and cell division take place in a confined space where the internal chemical and physical conditions are different from those in dilute solutions. The concentrations of specific molecules and the specific reactions and interactions vary for different types of cells, but a number of factors are universal and kept within limits, which we refer to as physicochemical homeostasis. For instance, the internal pH of many cell types is kept within the range of 7.0 to 7.5, the fraction of macromolecules occupies 15%-20% of the cell volume (also known as macromolecular crowding) and the ionic strength is kept within limits to prevent salting-in or salting-out effects. In this article we summarize the generic physicochemical properties of the cytoplasm of bacteria, how they are connected to the energy status of the cell, and how they affect biological processes (Fig. 1). We describe how the internal pH and proton motive force are regulated, how the internal ionic strength is kept within limits, what the impact of macromolecular crowding is on the function of enzymes and the interaction between molecules, how cells regulate their volume (and turgor), and how the cytoplasm is structured. Physicochemical homeostasis is best understood in Escherichia coli, but pioneering studies have also been performed in lactic acid bacteria.

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来源期刊
FEMS microbiology reviews
FEMS microbiology reviews 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
17.50
自引率
0.90%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Title: FEMS Microbiology Reviews Journal Focus: Publishes reviews covering all aspects of microbiology not recently surveyed Reviews topics of current interest Provides comprehensive, critical, and authoritative coverage Offers new perspectives and critical, detailed discussions of significant trends May contain speculative and selective elements Aimed at both specialists and general readers Reviews should be framed within the context of general microbiology and biology Submission Criteria: Manuscripts should not be unevaluated compilations of literature Lectures delivered at symposia must review the related field to be acceptable
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