Partial molar pregnancy with live fetus complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and severe preeclampsia. Case report and review of the literature

Objective: To report the case of a partial molar pregnancy with live fetus and conduct a review of the literature regarding maternal and fetal complications associated to this condition.

Methods: Case report of a partial mole with a 33 weeks live fetus complicated by intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios and severe preeclampsia. We report satisfactory maternal and neonatal outcomes and 1-year follow-up. A search was conducted in the Medline via Pubmed, Lilacs, Ovid, Uptodate and Google Scholar databases using the following MESH terms: hiditadiform mole, partial mole, live fetus, coexisting live fetus. Case series and case reports of pregnant women with coexisting partial mole and live fetus at the time of diagnosis were selected and information regarding maternal and fetal prognosis was extracted.

Results: Initially, 129 related titles were identified. Of these, 29 met the inclusion criteria, and 4 articles were excluded due to failed access to the full text. Overall, 31 reported cases were included; 9 ended in miscarriage, 8 in fetal demise or perinatal death, and 14 (45 %) resulted in a live neonate. The most frequent maternal complication was preeclampsia in 6 (19.35 %) cases.

Conclusions: The coexistence of a partial mole with a live fetus poses a high risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and preeclampsia. The volume of information regarding this rare condition must be increased in order to better determine potential interventions in cases of euploid fetuses and to provide adequate counseling in clinical practice. Therefore, reporting these cases is important to build sufficient evidence about the natural course of this condition.