哺乳动物神经肌肉连接的结构和功能。

IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Leah A Davis, Matthew J Fogarty, Alyssa Brown, Gary C Sieck
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引用次数: 3

摘要

哺乳动物神经肌肉接头(NMJ)包括突触前末端、肌纤维(终板)上的突触后受体区域和突触周围(末端)雪旺细胞。与任何突触一样,NMJ的目的是将神经系统的信号传递到肌肉纤维。这种对肌肉纤维的神经控制被组织为运动单元,运动单元显示出不同的结构和功能表型,包括NMJs突触前和突触后元件的差异。运动单元在其激活频率(运动神经元放电率和持续时间/占空比)、力产生和对疲劳的敏感性方面变化很大。对于早期和频繁招募的运动单元,激活的NMJs的结构和功能必须具有高保真度,以确保持续的激活和持续的收缩反应,以维持重要的运动行为(例如呼吸和姿势平衡)。同样,对于高强度不频繁的行为(如咳嗽和跳跃),所招募的NMJs的结构和功能必须确保短期可靠的激活,而不是长时间持续的激活,在此期间可能会出现疲劳。NMJ具有高度可塑性,在从胚胎发育到老年的整个生命周期中结构和功能都会发生变化。NMJ在包括急性和慢性疾病在内的病理条件下也会发生变化。这种神经可塑性通常因运动单元类型而异。©2022美国生理学会。物理学报(英文版),2012。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Structure and Function of the Mammalian Neuromuscular Junction.

The mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ) comprises a presynaptic terminal, a postsynaptic receptor region on the muscle fiber (endplate), and the perisynaptic (terminal) Schwann cell. As with any synapse, the purpose of the NMJ is to transmit signals from the nervous system to muscle fibers. This neural control of muscle fibers is organized as motor units, which display distinct structural and functional phenotypes including differences in pre- and postsynaptic elements of NMJs. Motor units vary considerably in the frequency of their activation (both motor neuron discharge rate and duration/duty cycle), force generation, and susceptibility to fatigue. For earlier and more frequently recruited motor units, the structure and function of the activated NMJs must have high fidelity to ensure consistent activation and continued contractile response to sustain vital motor behaviors (e.g., breathing and postural balance). Similarly, for higher force less frequent behaviors (e.g., coughing and jumping), the structure and function of recruited NMJs must ensure short-term reliable activation but not activation sustained for a prolonged period in which fatigue may occur. The NMJ is highly plastic, changing structurally and functionally throughout the life span from embryonic development to old age. The NMJ also changes under pathological conditions including acute and chronic disease. Such neuroplasticity often varies across motor unit types. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-36, 2022.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
38
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comprehensive Physiology is the most authoritative and comprehensive collection of physiology information ever assembled, and uses the most powerful features of review journals and electronic reference works to cover the latest key developments in the field, through the most authoritative articles on the subjects covered. This makes Comprehensive Physiology a valued reference work on the evolving science of physiology for both researchers and clinicians. It also provides a useful teaching tool for instructors and an informative resource for medical students and other students in the life and health sciences.
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