[预防高脂血症和肥胖症的功能性食品配料--双壳贝类蛋白发酵溶解物铬复合物]。

Q2 Medicine
Voprosy pitaniia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-01 DOI:10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-43-52
A V Tabakaev, O V Tabakaeva, M Yu Shchelkanov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

创建能够纠正体重和影响脂质代谢的专门食品系统是现阶段的一项紧迫任务。创建此类食品体系的主要方法是改变产品特征(脂质、蛋白质、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素等)。本研究的目的是获得一种新的有机铬食物来源,并确定其特征,这种有机铬以复合物的形式与远东地区双壳软体动物 Mactra chinensis 的发酵溶解蛋白肽部分结合,用于预防高脂血症和肥胖症。材料和方法研究对象为远东地区双壳类软体动物的软食部分(运动肌和套膜)。软体动物标本于 2022 年 6 月至 9 月在阿穆尔湾采集。使用碱性蛋白酶原酶 B 对软组织蛋白质进行了生物技术改造,参数如下:过程持续时间 - 12 和 24 小时,pH 值 - 7.0-7.2,温度 55 °C。采用中压凝胶渗透色谱法测定蛋白质和肽的组分组成,通过比较保留体积,使用分子量标记计算蛋白质和肽的分子量(MW)。游离氨基酸用 70% 的乙醇在 20 °C 温度下萃取 24 小时,然后用高效液相色谱法测定氨基酸的组成和定量含量。络合反应是在搅拌下向发酵溶液中加入 10%的 CrCl3×6H2O 水溶液进行的,液体部分中的质量比为 6.25 × 氮:氯化铬 (III) = 20:1。工艺条件:温度 20-25℃,时间 60 分钟,pH 值 7.0-7.1。铬含量采用分光光度计原子吸收法测定。结果地幔发酵溶液中低分子馏分的含量随着时间的推移有较明显的增加。肌肉和套膜中重量超过 160 kDa 的肽的高分子部分含量极少,均不超过 1.1%。在 24 小时的发酵溶解物中,重量不超过 18 kDa 的低分子部分在肌肉中占 79.6%,在套膜中占 86.9%。获得的发酵溶解物的特点是生物活性氨基酸牛磺酸含量高,占氨基酸总含量的 25.9%(肌肉)和 30.05%(套膜)。此外,还测定了高含量的必需氨基酸,如甘氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和条件必需氨基酸精氨酸。所获得的麦冬软组织蛋白质发酵溶解物的特点是氨基酸组成相当均衡。实验证明,肌肉发酵溶解物中超过 84% 的总铬含量和套膜发酵溶解物中 80.9% 的总铬含量与分子量在 24 至 1.4 kDa 之间的肽段有关,分子量在 18.0 至 12.5 kDa 之间的肽段中的铬含量最高,分别为 1.67 毫克/克蛋白质(肌肉)和 1.58 毫克/克蛋白质(套膜)。分子量为 160-67 kDa 的高分子馏分和分子量小于 1.4 kDa 的低分子馏分的微量元素特定含量最低。结论通过生物技术改造远东地区双壳贝类的软组织蛋白质,可以获得氨基酸组成均衡的发酵溶解物,其中游离生物活性氨基酸牛磺酸的含量很高。用铬强化所获得的发酵溶解物表明,铬与蛋白质水解物的氨基酸和肽基质的结合效率很高。铬与双壳贝类蛋白质发酵溶解物的复合物可用作铬和牛磺酸的食物来源,包括用作预防高脂血症和肥胖症的特殊食品系统中的功能成分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Functional food ingredient - chromium complex with protein fermentolysate of bivalve Mactra chinensis for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity].

The creation of specialized food systems capable of correcting body weight and influencing lipid metabolism is an urgent task at the present stage. The main way to create such food systems is to modify product profiles (lipid, protein, carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin, etc.). The aim of the study was to obtain and characterize a new food source of an organic form of chromium for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity in the form of a complex with peptide fractions of fermentolysate proteins of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk from the Far Eastern region. Material and methods. Soft food parts of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk from the Far Eastern region (the motor muscle and mantle) were used as objects of research. Mollusk specimens were collected in the Amur Bay in June - September 2022. Biotechnological modification of soft tissue proteins was carried out using alkaline protease protozyme B with the following parameters: the duration of the process - 12 and 24 hours, pH - 7.0-7.2, temperature 55 °C. The fractional composition of proteins and peptides was determined by medium pressure gel permeation chromatography, the molecular weight (MW) of proteins and peptides was calculated using MW markers by comparing retention volumes. Extraction of free amino acids was carried out with 70% ethanol for 24 hours at a temperature of 20 °C, the composition and quantitative content of amino acids were determined by HPLC. The complexation reaction was carried out by adding to the fermentolysate with stirring a 10% aqueous solution of CrCl3×6H2O in a mass ratio of 6.25 × nitrogen in the liquid fraction : chromium (III) chloride = 20:1. Process conditions: temperature 20-25 °C, time 60 min, pH 7.0-7.1. The chromium content was determined by the atomic absorption method using spectrophotometer. Results. The content of low-molecular fractions increased more significantly over time in the mantle fermentolysate. The content of the high-molecular fraction of peptides weighing more than 160 kDa was minimal for both the muscle and the mantle and didn't exceed 1.1%. Low-molecular fractions weighing no more than 18 kDa in the 24-hour fermentolysate accounted for 79.6% for the muscle and 86.9% for the mantle. The obtained fermentolysates were characterized by a high content of the biologically active amino acid taurine - 25.9% (muscle) and 30.05% (mantle) of the total amino acid content. The high content of such essential amino acids as glycine, alanine, leucine, lysine, and the conditionally essential amino acid arginine was also determined. The obtained fermentolysates of soft tissue proteins of the Mactra chinensis were characterized by a fairly balanced amino acid composition. It has been experimentally established that more than 84% of the total chromium content in muscle fermentolysate and 80.9% in mantle fermentolysate was associated with peptide fractions with molecular weights from 24 to 1.4 kDa, and the highest specific chromium content - 1.67 mg/g protein (muscle) and 1.58 mg/g protein (mantle) was determined in the interval fractions with molecular weights of 18.0-12.5 kDa. The minimum specific content of the trace element was established for high-molecular fractions of 160-67 kDa and low-molecular fraction weighing less than 1.4 kDa. Conclusion. Biotechnological modification of soft tissue proteins of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk from the Far Eastern region made it possible to obtain a balanced amino acid composition fermentolysate with a high content of the free biologically active amino acid taurine. Fortification of the obtained fermentolysate with chromium demonstrated high efficiency of its binding to the amino acid and peptide matrices of the protein hydrolysate. The chromium complex with fermentolysate of proteins of the Mactra chinensis bivalve mollusk can be used as a food source of chromium and taurine, including as a functional ingredient in special food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity.

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Voprosy pitaniia
Voprosy pitaniia Medicine-Medicine (all)
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