{"title":"Management of urolithiasis in breeding bulls","authors":"Jessica Cowley, R. Hopper","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9646","url":null,"abstract":"Urolithiasis is commonly encountered and frequently a fatal disease in the ruminant species. Clinical signs of urolithiasis are related to both its severity and chronicity. After complete obstruction of 24–48 h, bladder or urethral obstruction can occur. The varying urinary environments affect the type of stone development: phosphatic stones occur when cattle consume high phosphate diets; silica calculi form when grazing native grasses in the Western US; and calcium stones form when cattle consume high amounts of lush clover grass or alfalfa hay. Medical management is rarely successful as lone treatment but is used in conjunction with a surgical procedure. For a bull to return to reproductive function, the surgical procedure chosen must leave the urethra intact. The two procedures discussed presently are the ischial urethrostomy and tube cystostomy.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41662317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cryptorchidism in stallions","authors":"E. Arroyo, A. Tibary","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9648","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptorchidism is the most common disorder of sexual development in the male. The etiopathogenesis of cryptorchidism remains poorly understood and may involve genetic and environmental factors. The condition is obvious in horses with a good history, but diagnosis of cryptorchidism can be challenging in an apparently gelded horse presenting with stallion-like behavior and hemicastrated horses. Determination of the location of the retained testis is important for the selection of the surgical approach for cryptorchidectomy. The objective of this paper is to review current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of cryptorchidism in the equine, and methods for diagnosis including ultrasonographic determination of the location of the retained testis. A discussion of cryptorchidectomy approaches and possible complications is presented.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46955715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dane Schwartz, M. Waqas, E. Arroyo, Augustine Ruiz, A. Tibary
{"title":"Laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in South American camelids and Nigerian dwarf goats","authors":"Dane Schwartz, M. Waqas, E. Arroyo, Augustine Ruiz, A. Tibary","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9638","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptorchidism is a common sexual development disorder in males with a potential hereditary origin in goats and camelids. Cryptorchid animals should be removed from breeding and castrated to eliminate male behavior. The objective of this paper is to describe the presentation and procedure of laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy in goats and South American camelids. Records of 18 Nigerian dwarf goats and 16 camelid cases that were presented to the WSU Theriogenology Services were included. Goats ranged in age from 2 months to 1 year and camelids (14 alpacas and 2 llamas) were between 15 months and 5 years of age. In goats, 15/18 (83%) were unilateral cryptorchids while 3/18 (17%) were bilateral. The right testicle was retained abdominally in 73.3% (11/15) of the unilaterally cryptorchid goats. All the camelids presented as unilateral cryptorchids with abdominally retained testis. The left testis was retained in 9/16 (56.25%) cases while the right was retained in 7/17 (43.75%). Laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy was performed under general anesthesia in all cases. The remaining scrotal testicle was castrated using a closed technique. There were no surgical complications. Ability to confirm the presence of cryptorchid testis without laparotomy, smaller incision, lesser intraabdominal manipulation, and lesser-no post/surgical complications advocate the use of this technique for cryptorchidectomy.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lyndsee Miniard, Cailey L Nichols, Joe S. Smith, Pablo Jarrin-Yepez, R. Grzeskowiak, K. Newkirk
{"title":"Schistosomus reflexus with another fetus in a beef heifer","authors":"Lyndsee Miniard, Cailey L Nichols, Joe S. Smith, Pablo Jarrin-Yepez, R. Grzeskowiak, K. Newkirk","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9609","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is a rare, fatal fetal disorder observed in ruminants and other species. Defining features include spinal inversion, exposure of abdominal viscera, and limb abnormalities. Apparently, this is the first report documenting a case of SR with another fetus in a red Aberdeen-Angus beef heifer. Furthermore, a ventricular septal defect in a case of SR has not been documented before.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45463928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A variety of teaching interventions to improve bovine transrectal palpation training","authors":"Annett Annandale, Dietmar Holm","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9591","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal palpation (TRP) is a frequently performed procedure in bovine practice and an important competency for veterinary graduates. Student training for these skills has been identified as challenging, and reported training outcomes highlighted that students’ pregnancy diagnosis accuracy was an area that needed improvement. This led to a series of investigations evaluating specific teaching approaches aimed at optimizing TRP training and improving learning outcomes while decreasing the number of palpations needed to become competent, or in other words to ‘fast-track’ the transrectal palpation skill learning process. Gathered data were used to develop and implement research-based innovative teaching ideas, including optimized simulator training, in-training assessment methods, additional training opportunities linked to or not directly linked to the TRP skill itself, and the use of technology to improve skills training. This paper is a summary of these teaching interventions and elaborates on the background of those and why implementation is expected to improve student competence. Furthermore, even though the investigations described here are specific to bovine TRP and pregnancy diagnosis skills, they highlight an approach that can be applied to other clinical hands-on skills.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annett Annandale, Henry Annandale, Kate May, Dietmar Holm
{"title":"The bovine pregnancy diagnosis challenge: evidence-based evolution of a teaching intervention over 8 years of use","authors":"Annett Annandale, Henry Annandale, Kate May, Dietmar Holm","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9590","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the implementation of an educational intervention, ‘bovine pregnancy diagnosis challenge’ over an 8-year period, and how evidence-based changes were applied to ensure the best learning outcome for bovine pregnancy diagnosis (PD) via transrectal palpation. With the worldwide shift from mainly knowledge-based to competency-based veterinary courses, many new and innovative teaching interventions have been introduced into veterinary education. These teaching interventions include but are not limited to simulators, models, virtual realities, applications, and computer-assisted learning tools; of which, many have been implemented into various veterinary training programs. While these advances are noteworthy, the question still remains as to whether or not the implementation of these teaching interventions is optimal. Do we know the ‘when,’ ‘who’, and ‘how’ of a specific intervention that will optimize the educational outcome? The described evolution of the bovine PD challenge shows how these questions were investigated for transrectal palpation skills, and how changes were implemented to optimize student training. This is an example of an approach that could be applied widely for validation and skills training investigations within veterinary education to optimize learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of abstract reflection to enhance student learning from theriogenology practical classes","authors":"Allan Gunn, John Harper, Jason Condon","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9592","url":null,"abstract":"Veterinary training is a resource-consuming process. Practical sessions throughout the curriculum are considered vital aspects of professional training and consume large amounts of time, space, and human resources and are not without risks to human and animal health. It is, therefore, important that the educational experience is optimized during practical sessions. Mentee dialogue with mentors, as part of institutional peer teaching support, aimed to optimize the practical sessions to develop professional expertise (knowledge and skills) of veterinary theriogenology students. We used the theory of experiential learning and reflective observation as a means of enhancing learning during the practical sessions. We attempted to do this by discussing abstract concepts associated with authentic learning tasks covered in each practical session. Anonymous end-of-course student feed-back revealed that the process encouraged in-depth and alternative critical thinking and discussion in the groups, which was a fun way for them to embed the knowledge and develop the skills being taught. The use of ‘abstract reflection’ appears to be a useful and efficient way of enhancing the value of laboratory practical teaching and learning resources within the veterinary theriogenology curriculum. The vibrancy associated with collegiate interactions between academic staff members and educational designers results in a more enthusiastic and beneficial teaching culture and learning environment, and the development of students to become better, agentic, and more deliberate professionals.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Theriogenology is breaking new ground!","authors":"Augustine T. Peter","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A survey of the use of theriogenology related models across veterinary curricula","authors":"Jennifer Koziol, Philippa Gibbons, John Dascanio","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9594","url":null,"abstract":"The use of models within theriogenology curricula has become increasingly more common over the last few years. Currently, there are no compiled data regarding the types of theriogenology related models used at veterinary institutions across the world. A 55-question survey regarding the use of models in the theriogenology curricula was distributed via multiple listservs. A total of 31 responses were garnered representing 24 veterinary institutions from 5 continents. Data collected in the survey indicated that large animal transrectal palpation models, dystocia models, and small animal ovariohysterectomy and castration models are the most used models. Commercial models are widely used; however, multiple models are built at institutions. Only 1 model listed by respondents has been validated in the literature. Institutionally created models are most often built by faculty and most of the models described are used only for developing technical skills. A large percentage of respondents that listed models believed that the models improved students’ technical skills, but for the most part are not a substitute for live animal experiential learning.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135478673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret Root Kustritz, Ryan Rupprecht, Perle Zhitnitskiy
{"title":"Comparison of accuracy of machine-generated or human-generated captions of Zoom live lectures in a comparative theriogenology course","authors":"Margaret Root Kustritz, Ryan Rupprecht, Perle Zhitnitskiy","doi":"10.58292/ct.v15.9596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58292/ct.v15.9596","url":null,"abstract":"Captions are available with captured lectures for student review. In this study, automatically generated captions from Zoom, Kaltura, and YouTube were compared for accuracy with captions generated by a human being. Also investigated was the effect of speaker on accuracy of captioning – does the speed with which someone speaks or their accent alter accuracy of captioning? YouTube was by far the most accurate of the automatic captioning systems. There were numerous mistakes made by Zoom and Kaltura and some significantly altered meaning. Mistakes were due to the transcribing systems, not to things specific to the presenters. Instructors should get in the habit of reviewing tran scripts of their lectures to ensure students are not misled.","PeriodicalId":93421,"journal":{"name":"Clinical theriogenology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}