ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)最新文献

{"title":"Factors of Coronavirus—Implications","authors":"Richard Pais","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1825","url":null,"abstract":"The world has seen many epidemics but the Corona virus disease (COVID-19), which started in the end of 2019, is still with us. Although COVID-19 started in China in December 2019, it spread to other countries at a great speed. As we peruse the list of COVID-19 cases, it is found to be more in Europe and America and less in Asian countries and still less in Africa. Major epidemics too were predominant in Europe and America. This article tries to examine the factors of COVID-19 such as care taken during the epidemics, racial features, immunity, and type and amount of food consumed. It also highlights the implications arising from the factors. While some factors such as ethnicity, climate, and extent of urbanization cannot be changed, factors such as increasing immunity, and type and amount of food taken could be changed.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78145036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Latinx University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"G. Ibarra-Mejía, M. Lusk, So-Youn Jeon","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1815","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has had disruptive effects on college students globally. These include economic dislocation, social isolation, and financial stress. Minority and low-income students have experienced greater adversity than their peers. During the pandemic, college students have increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, particularly among minority groups. We conducted a cross-sectional study using standardized instruments (PSS-4 and PHQ-4) to determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in a university attended by a majority of Latinx students. We also conducted a meta-analysis with the inverse variance method for pooling to compare the mean PSS-4 to other norm values. We found that Latinx students had a high prevalence of moderate to severe stress and high levels of anxiety and depression that varied by age and gender. This suggests that there is a need for outreach programs that address minority students’ mental health during the global public health crisis.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centering on Structural and Individual Employment Barriers for Human–Social Development","authors":"P. Y. Hong, E. Gumz, Sangmi Choi, Brenda Crawley, Jeong Ah Cho","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines structural and individual employment barriers as forms of social exclusion resulting from the US social policy’s labor-market dependency and its heavy reliance on individual agency and the market forces to address poverty and inequality. Using large-scale community-based survey data, the study finds evidence of perceived employment barriers—at both structural and individual levels—affecting employment and economic self-sufficiency outcomes. A latent profile analysis identified three subpopulations with one representing an intersectional overlap of both structural and individual barriers. We suggest rebuilding of the social contract by centering on structural and individual barriers toward social and human development—freedom, justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85723917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\" (Piketty, trans. Goldhammer)","authors":"Brij Mohan","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1826","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73989097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of Rescued Children from Worksites in India","authors":"S. Bhatt, Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1824","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of children in India still work under highly exploitative working conditions. In spite of magnificent efforts, the problem of child labor has compounded into more complex issues intertwined with child trafficking, forced labor, missing children, and many other worst forms of childhood struggles. There is a general postulation that in reality the rehabilitation measures are not so effective. The phenomenon of the recycling of child labor divulges that the rescued children again join the workforce after a small gap either at the same place in the same city or at different places in different cities. The paper is aimed to study the realities of rehabilitation in order to understand intertwined issues relating to rehabilitation of rescued children from worksites as well as the present state of affairs. The paper has specifically explored the process of rescue challenges, the mechanisms devised and implemented for rehabilitation of these children, and the effectiveness of initiatives intended for reintegrating rescued children in societal mainstream. It discovered that the realities of rehabilitation are quite painful and a sad commentary on our efforts of rehabilitation. The compensation, back wages, or rehabilitation money has passes through different layers before reaching the rescued child. Once received, it is generally used for different purposes –such as buying animals, construction/repair of house, daughter’s marriage, and repaying to contractor who provided the employment. In some cases, cut/convenience money is also paid to the person responsible for releasing compensation. The time frame for receiving compensation/rehabilitation money varies from 6 to 36 months. As an estimate, approximately one-fifth of the rescued children never join school after rehabilitation because of poor economic conditions of their families, and many drop out to rejoining workforce. The paper has also explored various gaps in their rehabilitation and suggested recommendations for more efficient, effective, and efficacious rehabilitation of children freed from worksites.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80538206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statement of Ethics for the International Consortium for Social Development (ICSD)","authors":"M. Pawar","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In June 2019, Professor Manohar Pawar, President of the ICSD, constituted a committee, comprising Prof. Richard Hugman, University of New South Wales, Prof. Manohar Pawar, Charles Sturt University, and Prof. Vijayan K. Pillai, University of Texas at Arlington, to develop a draft statement of ethics for the ICSD. The statement was circulated for ICSD members’ feedback. The feedback received from members, including, Drs. Michael A. Dover, Gokul Mandayam, and Francis Okello, was used to revise the statement. The following statement of ethics for the ICSD is an evolving document for the benefit of development practitioners and it is hoped that ICSD members would further refine and strengthen it periodically.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80744340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation","authors":"Rohini Harracksingh, Emmanuel Janagan Johnson","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1823","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effects of child sexual abuse and exploitation of children. It also aims to assist in identifying the signs of child sexual abuse by examining the various possible effects on the victims. The authors continue the dialogue started by previous studies, thereby generating greater public awareness specifically targeted at expanding the information available to the population. Snowball sampling was adopted to select the respondents. The results show that how children develop social and emotional skills across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood to overcome the trauma and it is better to equip citizens to recognize the signs of child sexual abuse so that they can report this crime and afford the victims the benefit of early and proper intervention, since victims themselves often do not engage in early reporting of such crimes. The findings of the research and the implications for the future research are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75993700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsistence Life and Aging Agony: A Case of Cultural Affluence in Hong Kong","authors":"William W.L. Wong","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1822","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to review the development of aging policy of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China by analyzing cases of 50 older people collected randomly from newspapers from 1997–2017. Under the law, Hong Kong is required to have a balanced fiscal budget. Restrictions on social welfare spending result in making provisions basic and minimal. The severe shortfall of formal welfare provision has left the family to take care of their own older and vulnerable members, akin of an informal security welfare regime of the global south. The cumulative effect of the lack of provision, poor policy performance, and the increasing age and frailty of older caregiver undermines the sustainability of informal security welfare regime. The Hong Kong experience is especially relevant in the understanding of fiscal austerity governance in both global north and south.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81578946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SDG Adherence of Social Performance Indicators Used by Brazilian Mining, and Oil and Gas Extraction Companies","authors":"Ivan Santiago da Silva, Márcio Sampaio Pimentel","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1816","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine whether the social performance indicators used by mining companies participating in the BM & FBOVESPA Corporate Sustainability Index (indice de sustentabilidade empresarial [ISE]) during 2005–2021 were aligned with United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Content analysis was conducted after collecting key information from voluntary sustainability reports presented by the companies. The results uncovered 423 social indicators and revealed repeated discontinuity and large time gaps of as many as 6 years in the disclosure of sustainability information. Among the SDGs investigated, the most discussed were (in order): SDGs 4, 3, 5, 1, 10, and 2. Thus, it is recommended that even though SDGs have been implemented since 2015, the desired social impact can be created only when companies in the mining and extraction sectors make a formal commitment to continuously disseminate sustainability reports and work equitably on SDG goals.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84216364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reframing Social Policy for Welfare and Equal Opportunities in a Digital Culture","authors":"G. Bäckman","doi":"10.3998/sdi.1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1821","url":null,"abstract":"A primary and crucial goal of social policy is to ensure, within prevailing economic frames, equality and social justice in the pursuit of sustainable development. An integrated pattern of beliefs, values, customs, and goals in its wider meaning constitutes culture as a whole perspective in human life. In the globalizing world, cultural diversity exists that complicates the achievement of consensus in decision-making. However, a welfare culture is evolving based on new values and perspectives of the society. A digital culture is also strongly asserting itself, allowing new application methods such as quantum computing in problem-solving. Within the expanding horizons of social policy, many calculations and forecasts have made it possible to reduce poverty rates. However, poverty as a great divide still plagues the world.Child poverty is a huge global as well as national problem. Lack of opportunities for education and employment is dividing our societies. Children and young people who are growing up in poverty, or at risk of poverty, also have inadequate nutrition, insufficient access to health services, and are thus not well equipped for employment on reaching working and productive age. Participation in early childhood care and education is nowadays given high priority in political agendas simultaneously with the effective organization of health care and social eldercare of the aging population. The economic recovery, getting started again in 2021 after strong efforts to curb the corona virus disease (COVID-19), together with good governance, guides transformative social policy. Risks and tensions have been shown to cause deviant and disruptive trends that require risk management actions to avoid, for example, cybercrime. Human-ethical principles become crucial supportive means to control and evaluate the effects of a rapidly increasing technological capacity.The purpose of this article is to awaken awareness of global inequality with focus on poverty causing social disadvantage. Responsible governance based on humane ethical values, new thinking together with acceptable risk management, could lead to a social policy aiming for social justice, solidarity, and equal values. Advanced technology could be efficiently used to assess these values in society, although concerns remain about the negative appearance of dark sides.","PeriodicalId":93403,"journal":{"name":"ACM CHIL 2021 : proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning : April 8-9, 2021, Virtual Event. ACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (2021 : Online)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78869209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}