Methods report (RTI Press)最新文献

Visual Attention to Tobacco-Related Stimuli in a 3D Virtual Store 三维虚拟商店中烟草相关刺激的视觉注意

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005

L. Dutra, J. Nonnemaker, Nathaniel Taylor, Ashley L. Feld, B. Bradfield, John W. Holloway, Edward Hill, Annice E Kim

{"title":"Visual Attention to Tobacco-Related Stimuli in a 3D Virtual Store","authors":"L. Dutra, J. Nonnemaker, Nathaniel Taylor, Ashley L. Feld, B. Bradfield, John W. Holloway, Edward Hill, Annice E Kim","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005","url":null,"abstract":"We used eye tracking to measure visual attention to tobacco products and pro- and anti-tobacco advertisements (pro-ads and anti-ads) during a shopping task in a three-dimensional virtual convenience store. We used eye-tracking hardware to track the percentage of fixations (number of times the eye was essentially stationary; F) and dwell time (time spent looking at an object; DT) for several categories of objects and ads for 30 adult current cigarette smokers. We used Wald F-tests to compare fixations and dwell time across categories, adjusting comparisons of ads by the number of each type of ad. Overall, unadjusted for the number of each object, participants focused significantly greater attention on snacks and drinks and tobacco products than ads (all P<0.005). Adjusting for the number of each type of ad viewed, participants devoted significantly greater visual attention to pro-ads than anti-ads or ads unrelated to tobacco (P<0.001). Visual attention for anti-ads was significantly greater when the ads were placed on the store’s external walls or hung from the ceiling than when placed on the gas pump or floor (P<0.005). In a cluttered convenience store environment, anti-ads at the point of sale have to compete with many other stimuli. Restrictions on tobacco product displays and advertisements at the point of sale could reduce the stimuli that attract smokers’ attention away from anti-ads.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76220445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interactive visualization to facilitate monitoring longitudinal survey data and paradata 交互式可视化，便于监测纵向调查数据和数据

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2019-05-06 DOI: 10.3768/RTIPRESS.2019.OP.0061.1905

Joe Murphy, Michael A. Duprey, Robert F. Chew, P. Biemer, K. Harris, C. Halpern

{"title":"Interactive visualization to facilitate monitoring longitudinal survey data and paradata","authors":"Joe Murphy, Michael A. Duprey, Robert F. Chew, P. Biemer, K. Harris, C. Halpern","doi":"10.3768/RTIPRESS.2019.OP.0061.1905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3768/RTIPRESS.2019.OP.0061.1905","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys often require monitoring during data collection to ensure progress in meeting goals or to evaluate the interim results of an embedded experiment. Under complex designs, the amount of data available to monitor may be overwhelming and the production of reports and charts can be costly and time consuming. This is especially true in the case of longitudinal surveys, where data may originate from multiple waves. Other such complex scenarios include adaptive and responsive designs, which were developed to act on the results of such monitoring to implement prespecified options or alternatives in protocols. This paper discusses the development of an interactive web-based data visualization tool, the Adaptive Total Design (ATD) Dashboard, which we designed to provide a wide array of survey staff with the information needed to monitor data collection daily. The dashboard was built using the R programming language and Shiny framework and provides users with a wide range of functionality to quickly assess trends. We present the structure of the data used to populate the dashboard, its design, and the process for hosting it on the web. Furthermore, we provide guidance on graphic design, data taxonomy, and software decisions that can help guide others in the process of developing their own data collection monitoring systems. To illustrate the benefits of the dashboard, we present examples from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We also discuss features of the dashboard to be developed for future waves of Add Health.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81478909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Implications of Alternative Land Conversion Cost Specifications on Projected Afforestation Potential in the United States. 替代土地转换成本规格对美国预计造林潜力的影响。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0057.1811

Yongxia Cai, Christopher M Wade, Justin S Baker, Jason P H Jones, Gregory S Latta, Sara B Ohrel, Shaun A Ragnauth, Jared R Creason

{"title":"Implications of Alternative Land Conversion Cost Specifications on Projected Afforestation Potential in the United States.","authors":"Yongxia Cai, Christopher M Wade, Justin S Baker, Jason P H Jones, Gregory S Latta, Sara B Ohrel, Shaun A Ragnauth, Jared R Creason","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0057.1811","DOIUrl":"10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0057.1811","url":null,"abstract":"The Forestry and Agriculture Sector Optimization Model with Greenhouse Gases (FASOMGHG) has historically relied on regional average costs of land conversion to simulate land use change across cropland, pasture, rangeland, and forestry. This assumption limits the accuracy of the land conversion estimates by not recognizing spatial heterogeneity in land quality and conversion costs. Using data from Nielsen et al. (2014), we obtained the afforestation cost per county, then estimated nonparametric regional marginal cost functions for land converting to forestry. These afforestation costs were then incorporated into FASOMGHG. Three different assumptions for land moving into the forest sector (constant average conversion cost, static rising marginal costs, and dynamic rising marginal cost) were run in order to assess the implications of alternative land conversion cost assumptions on key outcomes, such as projected forest area and cropland use, carbon sequestration, and forest product output.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"2018 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/25/nihms-1564045.PMC7090374.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37770458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Control Theory Model of Smoking. 吸烟的控制理论模型。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0040.1706

Georgiy Bobashev, John Holloway, Eric Solano, Boris Gutkin

{"title":"A Control Theory Model of Smoking.","authors":"Georgiy Bobashev, John Holloway, Eric Solano, Boris Gutkin","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0040.1706","DOIUrl":"10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0040.1706","url":null,"abstract":"We present a heuristic control theory model that describes smoking under restricted and unrestricted access to cigarettes. The model is based on the allostasis theory and uses a formal representation of a multiscale opponent process. The model simulates smoking behavior of an individual and produces both short-term (\"loading up\" after not smoking for a while) and long-term smoking patterns (e.g., gradual transition from a few cigarettes to one pack a day). By introducing a formal representation of withdrawal- and craving-like processes, the model produces gradual increases over time in withdrawal- and craving-like signals associated with abstinence and shows that after 3 months of abstinence, craving disappears. The model was programmed as a computer application allowing users to select simulation scenarios. The application links images of brain regions that are activated during the binge/intoxication, withdrawal, or craving with corresponding simulated states. The model was calibrated to represent smoking patterns described in peer-reviewed literature; however, it is generic enough to be adapted to other drugs, including cocaine and opioids. Although the model does not mechanistically describe specific neurobiological processes, it can be useful in prevention and treatment practices as an illustration of drug-using behaviors and expected dynamics of withdrawal and craving during abstinence.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"2017 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5578474/pdf/nihms895211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35371722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Visualization of Categorical Longitudinal and Times Series Data. 分类纵向和时间序列数据的可视化。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2016-02-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2016.mr.0033.1602

Stephen J Tueller, Richard A Van Dorn, Georgiy V Bobashev

{"title":"Visualization of Categorical Longitudinal and Times Series Data.","authors":"Stephen J Tueller, Richard A Van Dorn, Georgiy V Bobashev","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2016.mr.0033.1602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2016.mr.0033.1602","url":null,"abstract":"Plotting growth curves is a powerful graphical approach used in exploratory data analysis for continuous longitudinal data. However, plotted growth curves for multiple participants rapidly become uninterpretable with categorical data. Categorical data define specific states (e.g., being single, married, divorced), and these states do not necessarily need to represent any hierarchical order. Thus, a trajectory becomes a sequence of states rather than a continuum. We introduce a horizontal line plot that uses shade or color to differentiate between states on a categorical longitudinal variable for multiple participants. With appropriate sorting, stacking the horizontal lines that represent each participant can reveal important patterns such as the shape of, or heterogeneity in, the trajectories. We illustrate the plotting techniques for large sample sizes, observed groups, the exploration of unobserved latent classes, large numbers of time points such as are found with intensive longitudinal designs or multivariate time series data, individually varying times observation, unique numbers of observations, and missing data. We used the R package longCatEDA to create the illustrations. Illustrative data include both simulated data and alcohol consumption data in adult schizophrenics from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"2016 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5000555/pdf/nihms774453.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34689520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Prediction and Prevention of Prescription Drug Abuse: Role of Preclinical Assessment of Substance Abuse Liability. 处方药滥用的预测与预防：药物滥用责任临床前评估的作用。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2013.op.0014.1307

Julie A Marusich, Timothy W Lefever, Scott P Novak, Bruce E Blough, Jenny L Wiley

{"title":"Prediction and Prevention of Prescription Drug Abuse: Role of Preclinical Assessment of Substance Abuse Liability.","authors":"Julie A Marusich, Timothy W Lefever, Scott P Novak, Bruce E Blough, Jenny L Wiley","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2013.op.0014.1307","DOIUrl":"10.3768/rtipress.2013.op.0014.1307","url":null,"abstract":"In 2011, the prevalence of prescription drug abuse exceeded that of any other illicit drug except marijuana. Consequently, efforts to curtail abuse of new medications should begin during the drug development process, where abuse liability can be identified and addressed before a candidate medication has widespread use. The first step in this process is scheduling with the Drug Enforcement Agency so that legal access is appropriately restricted, dependent upon levels of abuse risk and medical benefit. To facilitate scheduling, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published guidance for industry that describes assessment of abuse liability. The purpose of this paper is to review methods that may be used to satisfy the FDA's regulatory requirements for animal behavioral and dependence pharmacology. Methods include psychomotor activity, self-administration (an animal model of the rewarding effects of a drug), drug discrimination (an animal model of the subjective effects of a drug), and evaluation of tolerance and dependence. Data from tests conducted at RTI with known drugs of abuse illustrate typical results, and demonstrate that RTI is capable of performing these tests. While using preclinical data to predict abuse liability is an imperfect process, it has substantial predictive validity. The ultimate goal is to increase consumer safety through appropriate scheduling of new medications.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3759972/pdf/nihms506457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31711577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Integrative, Multilevel, and Transdisciplinary Research Approach to Challenges of Work, Family, and Health. 工作、家庭和健康挑战的综合、多层次和跨学科研究方法。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2013.mr.0024.1303

Jeremy W Bray, Erin L Kelly, Leslie B Hammer, David M Almeida, James W Dearing, Rosalind B King, Orfeu M Buxton

{"title":"An Integrative, Multilevel, and Transdisciplinary Research Approach to Challenges of Work, Family, and Health.","authors":"Jeremy W Bray, Erin L Kelly, Leslie B Hammer, David M Almeida, James W Dearing, Rosalind B King, Orfeu M Buxton","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2013.mr.0024.1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2013.mr.0024.1303","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing a need for rigorous, experimental research to support the efforts of workplaces and policymakers in improving the health and wellbeing of employees and their families, the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention formed the Work, Family & Health Network (WFHN). The WFHN is implementing an innovative multisite study with a rigorous experimental design (adaptive randomization, control groups), comprehensive multilevel measures, a novel and theoretically based intervention targeting the psychosocial work environment, and translational activities. This paper describes challenges and benefits of designing a multilevel and transdisciplinary research network that includes an effectiveness study to assess intervention effects on employees, families, and managers; a daily diary study to examine effects on family functioning and daily stress; a process study to understand intervention implementation; and translational research to understand and inform diffusion of innovation. Challenges were both conceptual and logistical, spanning all aspects of study design and implementation. In dealing with these challenges, however, the WFHN developed innovative, transdisciplinary, multi-method approaches to conducting workplace research that will benefit both the research and business communities.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":" ","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3768/rtipress.2013.mr.0024.1303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40299298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 98

Synthesized Population Databases: A Geospatial Database of US Poultry Farms. 综合人口数据库:美国家禽养殖场的地理空间数据库。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2012.mr.0023.1201

Mark C Bruhn, Breda Munoz, James Cajka, Gary Smith, Ross J Curry, Diane K Wagener, William D Wheaton

{"title":"Synthesized Population Databases: A Geospatial Database of US Poultry Farms.","authors":"Mark C Bruhn, Breda Munoz, James Cajka, Gary Smith, Ross J Curry, Diane K Wagener, William D Wheaton","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2012.mr.0023.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2012.mr.0023.1201","url":null,"abstract":"The pervasive and potentially severe economic, social, and public health consequences of infectious disease in farmed animals require that plans be in place for a rapid response. Increasingly, agent-based models are being used to analyze the spread of animal-borne infectious disease outbreaks and derive policy alternatives to control future outbreaks. Although the locations, types, and sizes of animal farms are essential model inputs, no public domain nationwide geospatial database of actual farm locations and characteristics currently exists in the United States. This report describes a novel method to develop a synthetic dataset that replicates the spatial distribution of poultry farms, as well as the type and number of birds raised on them. It combines county-aggregated poultry farm counts, land use/land cover, transportation, business, and topographic data to generate locations in the conterminous United States where poultry farms are likely to be found. Simulation approaches used to evaluate the accuracy of this method when compared to that of a random placement alternative found this method to be superior. The results suggest the viability of adapting this method to simulate other livestock farms of interest to infectious disease researchers.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"MR-0023-1201 ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215551/pdf/nihms-454128.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32787993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Hijacking of Basic Research: The Case of Synthetic Cannabinoids. 劫持基础研究:合成大麻素案例。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2011-11-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2011.op.0007.1111

Jenny L Wiley, Julie A Marusich, John W Huffman, Robert L Balster, Brian F Thomas

引用次数: 115

Sharing Research Models: Using Software Engineering Practices for Facilitation. 共享研究模型:使用软件工程实践促进。

Methods report (RTI Press) Pub Date : 2011-03-01 DOI: 10.3768/rtipress.2011.mr.0022.1103

Stephanie P Bryant, Eric Solano, Susanna Cantor, Philip C Cooley, Diane K Wagener

{"title":"Sharing Research Models: Using Software Engineering Practices for Facilitation.","authors":"Stephanie P Bryant, Eric Solano, Susanna Cantor, Philip C Cooley, Diane K Wagener","doi":"10.3768/rtipress.2011.mr.0022.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2011.mr.0022.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly, researchers are turning to computational models to understand the interplay of important variables on systems' behaviors. Although researchers may develop models that meet the needs of their investigation, application limitations-such as nonintuitive user interface features and data input specifications-may limit the sharing of these tools with other research groups. By removing these barriers, other research groups that perform related work can leverage these work products to expedite their own investigations. The use of software engineering practices can enable managed application production and shared research artifacts among multiple research groups by promoting consistent models, reducing redundant effort, encouraging rigorous peer review, and facilitating research collaborations that are supported by a common toolset. This report discusses three established software engineering practices- the iterative software development process, object-oriented methodology, and Unified Modeling Language-and the applicability of these practices to computational model development. Our efforts to modify the MIDAS TranStat application to make it more user-friendly are presented as an example of how computational models that are based on research and developed using software engineering practices can benefit a broader audience of researchers.","PeriodicalId":88935,"journal":{"name":"Methods report (RTI Press)","volume":"2011 ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116654/pdf/nihms290110.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29948594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2