Biotechnology and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Myricetin Flavonoid on the Expression of Fyn Gene in Melanoma Cells (A375)","authors":"Fereshte Abdolmaleki, S. Moghbelinejad, Hossein Ahmadpour-Yazdi","doi":"10.5812/BHS.14484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.14484","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malignant melanoma as one of the most common cancers is currently spreading worldwide. Regarding after-effect \u0000of advanced treatments, using natural products has attracted much attention. Flavonoids, polyphenol compounds rich in diet, are \u0000being considered for their therapeutic preventive features. Fyn gene, a member of the protein tyrosine kinase oncogene family, has \u0000become an important target for therapy goals. \u0000Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess Fyn gene expression after treatment of melanoma cells with myricetin. \u0000Methods: In this study, the melanoma cells were treated with different concentrations of myricetin (0 to 100 �M) and their viability \u0000was determined by the methylthiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, also the expression of Fyn gene in treated \u0000cells with selected concentrations of myricetin (0, 20, 40, 50, and 60 �M) was detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain \u0000reaction (qPCR). \u0000Results: The current investigation showed that treatment of A375 melanoma cells with the dietary flavonoid myricetin (3, 5, 7- \u0000trihydroxy-2-(3, 4, 5,-trihydroxy phenyl)-4- chromenone), resulted in decreased cell viability and increased expression of Fyn gene. \u0000The MTT assay analysis of exposed cells with different concentrations of myricetin showed that up to 25 �Mof myricetin had no \u0000cytotoxicity effect on A375 cells, also with increasing of myricetin concentration, the repression of cell proliferation developed as \u0000well. \u0000Conclusions: Real time qPCR analysis of Fyn expression in exposed cells with various concentration of myricetin leads to overexpression \u0000of this gene, dose dependently. Through this research, it was determined that myricetin with its anti-proliferative potential \u0000could suppress the development of cancer cells. On the other hand, since Fyn kinase could be involved in tumorigenesis of some \u0000cancer cells, it could be concluded that myricetin could effect the carcinogenicity of Fyn function in melanoma cells. \u0000Keywords: Melanoma, A375, Myricetin, Fyn Gene","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84968425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Association Between His 447 His Polymorphism of PPARγ Gene and Osteoporosis in Iranian Postmenopausal Women","authors":"M. Sahmani, Leila Azizi, A. Javadi, Z. Rashvand, M. Abbasi","doi":"10.5812/BHS.13001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.13001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoporosis is frequently observed in postmenopausal women. Evidence indicates that the role of genetic factors is significant in osteoporosis. This study aimed to inspect the potential association between His 447 His polymorphism of PPARγ gene and bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women suffering from osteoporosis compared to the \u0000healthy controls. \u0000Methods: The study was conducted on 224 postmenopausal women including 107 osteoporosis patients (age: 61.03 ± 4.54 years) and 117 healthy controls (age: 55.73 ± 2.08 years). Blood samples were analyzed for polymorphism of PPARγ gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the risk of osteoporosis and PPARγ gene polymorphisms. \u0000Results: Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly different between the osteoporosis group and the control group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for factors such as TC and LDL, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of osteoporosis was not significantly higher in carriers of homozygous wild-type genotype than carriers of the rare alleles (P = 0.99, odds ratio = 0.997, 95% confidence interval = 0.52 - 1.91). \u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that His 447 His polymorphism of PPARγ gene does not play the role of an independent factor in BMD and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. \u0000Keywords: Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Women, Bone Mineral Density, Pparγ, His 447 His Gene Polymorphism","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76799928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of MexB and MexY Genes Expression in Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Educational Hospitals of Qazvin and Tehran, Iran","authors":"T. Farivar, A. Peymani, Shahin Bolori, Hadis Rahimi","doi":"10.5812/BHS.12922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.12922","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common Gram-negative pathogen causing nosocomial infection worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug resistant strains has become a major clinical concern in recent years. Resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family efflux pumps play an important role in the development of multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa. \u0000Objectives: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility against carbapenems used and to evaluate the gene expression of two resistance nodulation cell division-type efflux pump systems (MexB and MexY) among carbapenem non-susceptible P. aeruginosa. \u0000Methods: Atotal of 256 non-repetitive P. aeruginosa were collected from the different clinical samples of patients admitted in Qazvin and Tehran educational hospitals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by standard Kirby-Bauer method. The expression of MexB and MexY genes was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). \u0000Results: In total, 107 (41.8%) isolates werenon-susceptible toimipenemand/ormeropenem. Allcarbapenemnon-susceptible isolates were positive for the presence of MexB and MexY genes. The expression of MexB (P value = 0.004) and MexY (P value = 0.001) genes was significantly increased, compared to standard carbapenem sensitive strains. \u0000Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed the considerable presence of carbapenem resistance among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The overexpression of MexB and MexY genes is also established among these resistant isolates collected from studied hospitals in Iran.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85217848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in an Iranian Educational Hospital Using PMV- PPD Model","authors":"Javad Sajedifar, R. Mirzaei, G. Teimori, A. Mehri, F. Azadbakht, A. Choupani, M. Taheri","doi":"10.5812/BHS.57653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.57653","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the advancement of technology and application of various appliances in the workplace, one of the most significant current discussions in the industrial and nonindustrialized workplaces is thermal comfort. Hospital staff have a special status because of the diversity of people employed in hospitals and their crucial roles. Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the staffs’ thermal comfort in a hospital in Esfahan. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Al Zahra hospital staff working in the underground floor were recruited. The sampling method was census, and 161 staff participated in the study. Data were collected by mental assessment using a questionnaire and physical measurement using wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) machine in the summer of 2015. The predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) were determined based on mental assessment or individual feeling of the staff about thermal comfort. Data management and analyses were performed using SPSS 23. Results: The results of the data analysis revealed that kitchen, laundry, and sterilization sectors had higher temperature than other units. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the offices of educational sectors and educational classes had a standard level of thermal comfort according to ASHRAE (American society of heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers) Standard 55. The investigations of physical and mental PMV in every unit showed that the total index of these 2 values was 1.2 and 1.39, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results, the units located at the underground floor needed proper design and access to natural ventilation and enough air flow to provide optimum thermal comfort based on international standards.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85305656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemedicine is Cost Effective Compared with Standard Care in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Randomized Trial with an Economic Analysis in an Outpatient Clinic","authors":"Ole Winther Rasmussen, F. Lauszus, M. Løkke, M. Jensen","doi":"10.5812/BHS.57649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.57649","url":null,"abstract":"Background: New approaches on outpatient control are required and need testing to motivate and give feedback to the patients at home. Telemedicine has the capacity to achieve this, optimizing care through motivation and direct feedback adapted to milieu of the patient and at the same time to keep the total cost at a reasonable level. Objectives: We evaluated the economic and short-time health effect of two different ways of outpatient treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A health economist calculated the total cost of replacing the standard care with telemedicine. Methods: Forty patients with T2DM in the outpatient department were prospectively randomized to either treatment at home by telemedicine with video conferences or the standard treatment with regular visits at the clinic over six months. The trial lasted for sixmonths. HbA1c,bloodglucose,24-hbloodpressure,cholesterollevelsandalbuminuriaweremeasured. Thetelephonecompany, TDC, Denmark delivered and serviced a TandBerg E20 video telephone to the patients in the telemedicine group. The economic analysis was performed with a Danish hospital payer’s cost perspective. Cost data were based on the measured time consumption per home-based video telephone, consultations at out-patient clinic, telemedicine set-up equipment, and hospital operating cost. Sample size calculation concluded that 11 patients were needed in each group. Results: Thereductionsinthetwotreatmentsresultedindifferencesbetweentelemedicinevs. standard,inHbA1c(9.1to7.7% vs. 8.1 to7.2%),meanbloodglucose(12to9.9mmol/Lvs.10to8.7mmol/L),andcholesterol(3.8to3.4vs. 4.3to3.9mmol/L).Totalcholesterol was different at three and at six months between the two groups (P < 0.05). Similar values were found at all time points in the two groups in LDL, body weight, and diurnal blood pressure. At a six months follow-up, the standard care proved more costly (53.9 vs. 41.3€ per 1 % HbA1c reduction, standard care vs. telemedicine). The calculation of a basis case from any starting point showed a potential extra cost €33.6 per reduction of 1 % HbA1c. An alternative scenario analysis was made to capture costs of using the physicianconsultantwageinsteadof thenurseattheoutpatientclinicandshowedthatsavingswerestillpossibleevenwithchange of person (49.4 instead of 41.3€ per reduction per % HbA1c, physician vs. nurse). Conclusions: Wedemonstratedthattelemedicineisacost-effectiveoptioninthetreatmentof T2DMwithabetteroutcomeinblood glucose and lower cost after six months of treatment. The setting of this trial warrants further projects in this field.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88456878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Simultaneous Thrombotic Occlusion of Multiple Coronary Arteries in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report","authors":"M. M. Daei","doi":"10.5812/BHS.57638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.57638","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Simultaneous multiple coronary artery thrombosis is a rare finding in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and has a high mortality rate. \u0000Case Presentation: We report a case of myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, left bundle branch block, and multiple ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram and thrombotic occlusion of the left circumflex, optus marginal, and left anterior \u0000descending arteries on emergency coronary angiography. Thrombus aspiration was performed at left circumflex, optus marginal, and left anterior descending arteries. \u0000Conclusions: In patients with STEMI, multiple coronary thrombosis is unusual and associated with high patient mortality. \u0000Keywords: Simultaneous Coronary Thrombosis, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Multiple Thrombosis, Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72969060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Factors Related to Obesity and Overweight Among Students in Ilam","authors":"M. Jalilian, A. Khorshidi, J. Bazyar, H. Safarpour, K. Sayehmiri, A. Delpisheh, P. Tahmasbi, Z. Shademan","doi":"10.5812/BHS.57643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.57643","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity and overweight are among the serious challenges of the health system in the world. Environmental factors are among the most important determinants of obesity in different groups of society. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between some environmental factors and obesity and overweight among students of Ilam. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 576 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The required data were collected under medical supervision by trained experts of public health centers during screening examinations. Statistical tests such as t-test, Chi square, and variance analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: A sample of 576 students including 371 (64.4%) girls and 202 (35.6%) boys was investigated. In general, 112 (19.5%) students were obese or overweight. The average body mass index (BMI) for boys and girls was 16.35 ± 2.9 and 17.28 ± 9.8, respectively. Most dental caries was in the age group of 7 years (1.8). The 11-year-old age group had the highest average BMI. There was a statistically significant relationship between dental caries and BMI of the students (P = 0.012). Also, there was a statistically significant association between the height and the weight of the students and education level of the parents (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significantassociationwasobservedbetweenmother’sjobandtheheightandtheweightof thestudents(P=0.001). Whereas,there was no statistically significant relationship between father’s job and the height, weight, BMI, and dental caries of the students. Conclusions: Policy making and educational programs can raise awareness among parents with less than high school education and retired women. They can also play an important role in balancing the height and the weight of elementary students.","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86383859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Induction and Visual Working Memory Performance: The Effects of Emotional and Non-Emotional Stimuli","authors":"Zahra Khayyer, V. Nejati, J. Fathabadi","doi":"10.5812/BHS.57652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.57652","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Some studies have shown working memory impairment following stressful situations. Also, researchers have found that working memory performance depends on many different factors such as emotional load of stimuli and gender. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of stress induction on visual working memory (VWM) performance among female and male university students. Methods: This quasi-experimental research employed a posttest with only control group design (within-group study). A total of 62 university students (32 males and 30 females) were randomly selected and allocated to experimental and control groups (mean age of 23.73). Using cold presser test (CPT), stress was induced and then, an n-back task was implemented to evaluate visual working memory function (such as the number of true items, time reactions, and the number of wrong items through emotional and nonemotional pictures). 100 pictures were selected from the international affective picture system (IASP) with different valences. Results: Results showed that stress impaired different visual working memory functions (P < 0.002 for true scores, P < 0.001 for reaction time, and P < 0.002 for wrong items). Conclusions: In general, stress significantly decreases the VWM performances. On the one hand, females were strongly impressed by stress more than males and on the other hand, the VWM performance was better for emotional stimuli than non-emotional","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77719573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Diabetic Patients: A Comparative Study","authors":"A. Javadi, A. Ziaee, Z. Yazdi, Narges Ebrahimabadi, A. Shafikhani","doi":"10.5812/BHS.41629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.41629","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Living with diabetes and managing it can have substantial emotional burden on individuals. These changes might affect individuals’ lives in terms of stress and depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of stress and depression among diabetic women who referred to endocrine clinic of Qazvin in 2014. \u0000 \u0000Methods: For this purpose, 250 patients (125 individuals suffering from diabetes and 125 individuals as a control group) participated in this study. All individuals completed the beck depression inventory and the cattell anxiety inventory. In addition to these, demographic and clinical records were collected from their medical records and were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. \u0000 \u0000Results: In terms of the Maximum of mild anxiety there were 52 diabetic individuals (41.6%) versus 69 individuals of the control group (55.2%); in terms of Moderate-severe anxiety there were 73 cases (58.4%) versus 56 patients (44.8%) (P value = 0.031). In studying the Maximum of mild depression, there were 43 patients (34.4%) versus 92 (73.6%); in terms of Moderate-severe depression, there were 82 patients (65.6%) versus 33 (26.4%) (P value = 0.001). On a closer examination among age, type of diabetes, duration of diabetes, and insulin injections; only the duration of having diabetes was significantly associated with depression as one of the mental health variables. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: This study showed that anxiety and depression are significantly more common among diabetic patients in comparison to the control group in the city of Qazvin; therefore, it is necessary to develop primary care by a system based on the reaction, so that an effective treatment for mental health would take place and, ultimately, the impact of these interventions should be studied. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Mental Health; Anxiety; Depression; Diabetes","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83772675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsid Modified Bluetongue Virus 16 (BTV16) as a Virulytic Oncotherapy Agent","authors":"T. Farivar, R. Najafipour, S. Alizadeh, S. M. Azimi, P. Johari","doi":"10.5812/BHS.45667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/BHS.45667","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Using potential viruses to destroy cancer cells has a long history, but recent advances in molecular biology raised hopes for successful use of these viruses again. \u0000Methods: Octreotate sequence was inserted into the neutralization region (R1& R2) in vp2 protein of capsid segment in 10 segmented genome of BTV in 304 - 368 position. T7 BTV RNA transcripts were extracted. Cancerous cultured cells were transfected with \u0000wild and modified BTV to recover BTV with cDNA-derived genome segments. \u0000Results: The results of all the performed experiments revealed that treatment of AGS cell lines with VP2 modified BTV16, which targeted cell surface of cancerous cells, significantly increased apoptosis in cancer infected cells. \u0000Conclusions: Modified VP2 BTV16 may be used as a potential virulytic oncotherapy agent in AGS cells. \u0000Keywords: Bluetongue Virus, Oncotherapy, Virulytic, AGS","PeriodicalId":8849,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology and Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82271756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}