Studies in ethics, law, and technology最新文献_第8页

Ethics, Law, Technology and Policymaking: An Editorial 伦理、法律、技术与政策制定:一篇社论

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-11 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1115

A. M. Cutter, B. Gordijn

引用次数: 0

Flawless or Fallible? A Review of the Applicability of the European Union's Cosmetics Directive in Relation to Nano-Cosmetics 完美还是易犯错误?欧盟化妆品指令对纳米化妆品的适用性综述

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-07 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1056

D. Bowman, Geert van Calster

{"title":"Flawless or Fallible? A Review of the Applicability of the European Union's Cosmetics Directive in Relation to Nano-Cosmetics","authors":"D. Bowman, Geert van Calster","doi":"10.2202/1941-6008.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1941-6008.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer demand for new products within the cosmetics and toiletries industry has encouraged the industry increasingly to incorporate and experiment with new products and processes, including nanotechnologies. A number of cosmetic products which claim to incorporate engineered nano-materials have already entered the market and include, for instance, anti-ageing creams, make up, hair care products, cleansers and moisturisers. While the use of engineered nano-materials within cosmetics offers a range of benefits, including increased transparency and solubility, there has been increasing debate over the potential risks associated with a number of the nano-materials already found in these products. While such concerns are not unique to the cosmetics sector, due to the direct application of these products onto the human skin, concern has been expressed over the potential health effects of nanotechnology-based cosmetics. This is despite the fact that cosmetic products are subject to regulatory controls within every jurisdiction in which they are sold. With debate over the safety of cosmetics containing nano-materials likely to escalate in line with the number of products entering the marketplace, this article examines the adequacy of the current regulatory framework for cosmetics containing nanoscale materials within one of the worlds largest cosmetic's market, the European Union. Two case studies are presented, and the effectiveness of the Cosmetics Directive is examined by reference to these two products. By drawing on this analysis, the article articulates the strengths and weaknesses of the current regulatory regime, and discusses how these may be addressed under the proposed new regulatory framework.","PeriodicalId":88318,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ethics, law, and technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1941-6008.1056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68797124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Privacy and Protection of Marginalized Social Groups 社会边缘群体的隐私和保护

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-04 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1063

S. Karanja

引用次数: 5

Abortion Perspectives of Shiah Islam 什叶派伊斯兰教的堕胎观点

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-04 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1066

Farrokh B. Sekaleshfar

引用次数: 2

Review of Information Technology and Moral Philosophy 信息技术与道德哲学评论

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-04 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1054

K. Miller, B. Spielman

引用次数: 0

Review of The Problem of Punishment 《惩罚问题》述评

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-04 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1060

Edward D. Sherline

引用次数: 0

Clinical Genomics Data Use: Protecting Patients Privacy Rights 临床基因组数据使用:保护患者隐私权

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-04 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1080

M. Maliapen

{"title":"Clinical Genomics Data Use: Protecting Patients Privacy Rights","authors":"M. Maliapen","doi":"10.2202/1941-6008.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1941-6008.1080","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of any biomarker discovery is highly influenced by the costs associated with obtaining the relevant genetic, genomic, and clinical data. Currently, to identify a human genetic or genomic biomarker, a clinical researcher must identify a set of transplant recipients that either has been or can be clinically phenotyped, and then obtain samples from patients that can be subjected to gene expression and proteomic analysis. This process of obtaining a clinical cohort by matching donors to recipients is usually time-consuming and expensive. It is further time constrained by patient's signed written consent which has a use-by date.Biomarker database systems can play a pivotal role in establishing mechanisms that enable clinical researchers to access clinically derived genetic and co-variate data in a secure, privacy-aware, de-identified and auditable manner. They can also establish mechanisms and audit trails that monitor the movement of research data across institutions due to their custodial responsibilities to protect patient privacy.In this paper, we prototype the concept of a de-identified centralized biomarker repository that empowers principal investigators and researchers to access multiple data sources needed for the conduct of genomic, proteomic interpretation and computational experiments. The repository takes the form of a research data mart such that the enrolled patients' clinical and treatment history can be tracked during pre and post transplant phases. We demonstrate how technology and information engineering design principles help to implement a de-identification schema for patients to protect patient privacy and prevent unauthorized data access.","PeriodicalId":88318,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ethics, law, and technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1941-6008.1080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68798459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

IT and the NHS: Investigating Different Perspectives of IT using Soft Systems Methodology IT和NHS:使用软系统方法论调查IT的不同视角

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-02 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1094

A. Gillies, I. Patel

{"title":"IT and the NHS: Investigating Different Perspectives of IT using Soft Systems Methodology","authors":"A. Gillies, I. Patel","doi":"10.2202/1941-6008.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1941-6008.1094","url":null,"abstract":"The UK NHS National Programme for IT has been criticized for a lack of clinical engagement. This paper uses a soft systems methodology (SSM) analysis of a case study from the use of electronic systems within a National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health Trust in the United Kingdom (UK) to explore the legal and ethical implications of the failure to develop clinical systems which are fit for purpose.Soft systems methodology (SSM) was used as a theoretical model both to derive deeper insights into the survey data and suggest how communication between those producing information and those using it, could be improved. Multiple methods were employed which included a postal survey and participant interviews to triangulate the data .The use of SSM reinforced the concept that the national IT programme is based on a hard' systems view and does not take local factors (which are related to soft systems' thinking) into account. The study found administrative staff to be a crucial link between clinicians and information departments and highlighted the need for a joint-up information strategy and integrated systems.The article concludes with a discussion of the legal and ethical implications of the findings and the lessons for the broader UK national programme. It argues that the failure to deliver systems that are fit for purpose is not value neutral but an ethical issue.","PeriodicalId":88318,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ethics, law, and technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1941-6008.1094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68798950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Review of Experimenting with the Consumer--The Mass Testing of Risky Products on the American Public 消费者试验述评——美国公众对风险产品的大规模测试

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2202/1941-6008.1092

B. Alving

引用次数: 0

On the Tax Justice 论税收公正

Studies in ethics, law, and technology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctt184qq11

Zhang Xue-kui

引用次数: 0