Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research最新文献

{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study on Factors Associated with Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia at Mathari Hospital, Nairobi Kenya","authors":"Gathaiya Nw, Mwaura J, Wagoro Mca","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a chronic and disabling mental disorder with a high prevalence rate of 1.4-4.6 per a thousand populations. Schizophrenia is often accompanied by relapses even while on treatment. Relapse rate vary from 50%-92% and are similar in both developed and developing countries, despite the former having well established Mental health services. This was a crosssectional descriptive study of 209 family members or significant others accompanying patients to Mathari Hospital. Patients were selected by random sampling and the study was carried out between June and July 2011. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, 4th edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical package for social science (SPSS) and presented in frequency tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined by calculating confidence interval and summary Chi-square statistics. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. The findings indicated that majority of patients (81.8%) were aged between 17-46 years with (54%) of patients having had their first episodes of schizophrenia between ages 17-26 years. The results showed that factors associated with relapse in schizophrenia in Mathari hospital included, non-drug compliance and failure to attend follow-up clinic (67.9%), stressful life events (17.3%), and substance abuse (14.8%). Relapse rate was found to be 58%-97%. This calls for intensified Psycho education to both patients and family members for early recognition of signs of relapse and drug compliance. Improvement of community mental health services will reach more family members in their homes, encourage drug compliance and community involvement in understanding schizophrenia to reduce stigma. Health policy makers will avail atypical antipsychotic drugs with minimal side effects to reduce the high relapse rate. Future research should focus on clinical factors associated with relapse in schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84433381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of Metabolic Bone Disease in Pediatric Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: Study from North India","authors":"Shikha Sharma, P. Dabla, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100235","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) are at a greater risk of metabolic bone disease due to biochemical derangements by corticosteroids and immunosuppressant therapy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the calcium-vitamin D status in children with SRNS. Method: A cross-sectional case control study was performed to investigate the calcium-vitamin D status in 50 patients of SRNS and 40 healthy controls. Serum levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were estimated. The SRNS patients were further divided into 3 groups according to their Up:Uc ratio: Group A) 16 patients in complete remission, Group B) 14 patients in partial remission and Group C) 20 patients in relapse. Results: Vitamin D and calcium levels were significantly lower in the SRNS patients (p<0.0001). Lower levels of vitamin D and calcium were found in the relapse phase (p<0.01 and p=0.001). PTH and ALP levels were higher (p<0.05 and p=0.001). Up:Uc ratio with vitamin D and calcium showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.01 and p<0.05) whereas a positive correlation was seen with PTH and ALP ( p<0.05 for both). Conclusion: There is a clear diminution of serum 25 (OH) D in patients with SRNS which reverts rapidly to normal after cessation of proteinuria which may associate with severe nephrotoxicity. Prophylactic therapy with vitamin D should be routinely advocated in these patients.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80619610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to Tetracycline and Vancomycin of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Sanandaj Patients by Molecular Genotyping","authors":"Foozieh Arabzadeh, F. Aeini, F. Keshavarzi, Sahra Behrvash","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100260","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studying antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus is very important and it has a main role in preventing creation of resistant strains. This study was done to determine the prevalence and genetic basis of tetracycline and vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Sanandaj. Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from Sanandaj Hospital. Susceptibility to antibiotics (tetracycline and vancomycin) were determined by disk agar diffusion method with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) evaluated on Muller-Hinton agar as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The tetracycline and vancomycin strains were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of five common vancomycin and tetracycline resistance determinants, respectively, van A, tet K, tet M, tet L and tet O. Results: Using the DAD method, 12% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to vancomycin and 61/33% to tetracycline. For more, the tet (K) gene was found in 71 isolates, tet (L) in 5 isolates, tet (M) in 30 isolates and tet (O) were detected in one isolates and van A didn’t see in any isolate by PCR technique. Conclusion: This study indicates that resistance to tetracycline is mainly by efflux pumps mediated by tet (K) in Staphylococcus aureus in Sanandaj.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89944685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Complications of Sickle Cell Disease at Makkah Al-Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia, 2017","authors":"Mohammad M. Alkot, Walaa A Almaghrabi, Noura A. Al-Najdi, Mohammad Al-Otaibi, M. Shatla, H. Abdelbaki","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The studies in the Middle East Arabs have found that there are specific risk factors making Sickle cell disease (SCD) more prevalent in that part of the world, which has the fast growing in the population and the increase in consanguinity marriage. Despite of that, there are no studies conducted in Makkah Al-Mukarramah or even in all Saudi Arabia (KSA) regions that, focusing on the complications of SCD and its related risk factors. Objectives: To determine the pattern of admission and estimate the prevalence of different complications of SCD among children in Makkah Al-Mukaramah, KSA, 2017. Patients and methods: A retrospective, analytic, noninterventional cohort study was carried out in Makkah Al- Mukaramah, KSA over a 6 months period (from first of June 2017 to end of December 2017). The study reviewed the medical files of all sickler patients who have been admitted to the pediatric departments of the involved hospitals in the given time. Records of patients having combined thalassemia disease and/or Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD) were excluded from the study. The required data were collected by using hard copies of a well-designed, semi-structured, valid and reliable checklist. Results: The study included 145 medical files of pediatric patients with SCD. Their age ranged between one day to 14 years with a Mean ± SD of 7 ± 3.6 years. Males represent 54.5% of them. Almost two-thirds of patients (67.6%) were Saudis. All cases live outside Makkah (n=5) were diagnosed as Sickle cell anemia with Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) whereas 47.1% of those live in Makkah were diagnosed by VOC at admission. The most frequent complication was VOC (55.9%), followed by infection (9%). Overall, 41.4% of SCA pediatric patients were admitted once whereas 25.5% were admitted more than 5 times. Acute splenic sequestration crisis was reported among 3.1% of Saudi patients compared to 12.8% of non-Saudi patients. This difference was statistically significant. Other complications were not significantly related to patients` nationality. Conclusion: The most frequent complication of SCD was VOC. Primary prevention of the acute complications of SCD should base on health care provider with expertise in SCD, preferably hematologist. In addition to prevention of complications through the use of penicillin prophylaxis started in the newborn period, appropriate immunizations, and blood transfusions for those at risk for stroke.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86329079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Theophylline on Renal Dysfunction of Asphyxiated Neonates","authors":"D. Youssef, M. A. Shafie, Marwa S Abdul-Shafy","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100245","url":null,"abstract":"Renal dysfunction is one of the most common complications of neonatal asphyxia which is of poor prognosis and resulting in permanent renal damage in about 40% of survivors. The aim of this study is to determine whether theophylline could prevent or ameliorate renal dysfunction in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. We assigned 82 severely asphyxiated term infants (Apgar score ≤ 5, Thompson>15) into 2 groups to receive intravenously a single dose of either theophylline (5 mg/kg; n=41) or placebo (n=41) during their first 60 minutes of life. We have measured the serum creatinine, urine creatinine, urinary sodium and GFR was calculated using Schwartz formula at 1st, 3rd and 5th days of infant's life. The obtained results showed a significant increase in GFR and urinary creatinine at 5th day of life in theophylline group compared to placebo. While, there was a significant decrease in the levels of serum creatinine and urinary sodium of theophylline group at 1st, 3rd and 5th day compared to placebo. The complications associated with asphyxia were lesser in theophylline group than placebo. We concluded that, a single dose of intravenous theophylline may be considered for all babies with severe asphyxia to ameliorate kidney dysfunction and decline other complications.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81584627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subrenal Filaria with Macular Hole: A Rare Case","authors":"Habibah S. Muhiddin, Muhammad Affan, S.R.M. Arifin, Budu P, Soraya Taufik, S. Katu, Andi Muhammad Ichsan","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100268","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Indonesia, parasitic infection of the eye is rarely reported, however it can cause blindness. A parasitic disease affecting whole part of eye include retinal layers unilaterally or bilaterally. Onchocercia volvulus, Loa-loa, Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti have been reported as specific species which can infect retina. The organism can survive up to 4 years in the subretinal space. Objective: To report a rare case of a subretinal worm infection and its management. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male complaint a sudden loss of vision and felt that something moving within his left eye. He had scotoma and BCVA dropped to 1/60. The anterior segment was normal. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a living worm around the macula and a macular hole. Peripheral retina seen as grayish-white lesion. Pars plana vitrectomy were performed with laser photocoagulation to inactivate the worm. 6 mm worm were evacuated through iatrogenic retinectomy in inferior macula. Continued with ILM peeling and gas tamponade for the macular hole. The parasitologist identified an adult filarial worm and suggested for nocturnal blood smear analysis. Infectious disease specialist suggested diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 6 mg/kg body weight for 28 week. Conclusion: Adult filarial worm in subretinal space can cause severe damage and macular hole by worm motility. However, rapid and right management is the primary choice to inhibit this damage and to detect the species.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85978638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal Health Coverage: Public Health's Safe Haven or Beautiful Illusion?","authors":"Halton Quach","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100272","url":null,"abstract":"In 2005, World Health Organization proposed Universal Health Coverage (UHC) as a powerful tool to achieve “the right to health”. UHC is a prepaid healthcare financing system aiming to provide accessible quality healthcare for all and protect population from economic consequences of illness. Ever since, UHC is a priority for many countries, which lowmiddle income ones are on the run to achieve, big players like America or UK still debate over many unresolved problems. So what can UHC achieve and is it truly the flawless pathway to global health?","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82200917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Stamp: Simple Tool for Routine Biological Data Analysis","authors":"Peter T. Habib, A. Alsamman, A. Hamwieh","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100265","url":null,"abstract":"The massive extension in biological data induced a need for user-friendly bioinformatics tools could be used for routine biological data manipulation. Bio-Stamp is a simple analytical software implements variety of tools to perform common data analysis on different biological data types and databases. Bio-Stamp provide general aspects of data analysis such as handling nucleotide data, fetching different data formats information, NGS quality control, data visualization, performing multiple sequence alignment and sequence BLAST. These tools accept common biological data formats and produce humanreadable output files could be stored on local computer machines. Bio-Stamp has a user-friendly graphical user interface to simplify massive biological data analysis and consume less memory and processing power. Bio-Stamp source code was written through Python programming language which provides less memory usage and initial start-up time. Bio-Stamp is free and open source software, where its code could be modified, extended or integrated in different bioinformatics pipelines.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84351947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Oxygen Saturation Using Pulse Oximetry in Patients with Steady State HbSS","authors":"A. Ladu, Abba Am, A. Bukar, Abulfathi Fa, Y. Kundili, Talba Ha, Y. AbbaKawu, ukur Ra, Y. Mohammad","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100237","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The exact consequence of hypoxemia SCA is unclear, however, many studies have shown haemoglobin desaturation is common in patient with SCA even at steady state, and may predispose to several complications including pulmonary hypertension, stroke and acute chest syndrome. Therefore, detection of hypoxemia is important in patients with SCA. Objectives: We sought to compare SpO2 of patients with HbSS in steady state and healthy individuals with HbAA genotype; and to determine the prevalence of hypoxemia amongst HbSS patients during steady state. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving ninety three adults with SCA in steady state and forty-eight healthy age and sex matched HbAA participants as controls. The oxygen saturation was recorded using a finger pulse oximeter (Suaoki, Model FS20A). Results: The HbSS patients had a significantly lower mean SpO2 of 95.5% ( 4.1) compared to 99.06% ( 1.14) for the healthy HbAA group (p=0.0001). Male and female HbSS patients had a comparable SpO2 (95.8% vs 96.1%, p=0.610). Similarly, mean SpO2 was similar in male and female HbAA group (p=0.258). The prevalence of hypoxemia among the HbSS patients was 30.25% compared to 2.7% amongst the HbAA. The lowest SpO2 recorded among the HbSS patients was 88%. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypoxemia in steady state HbSS patients was high. This finding underscores the importance of monitoring HbSS patients for prompt detection of hypoxemia, and to institute therapy where necessary to prevent complications including pulmonary hypertension and cerebrovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82302983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Laparocenteza in the Diagnosis of Closed Abdominal Trauma","authors":"Shaposhnikov Veniamin Ivanovich","doi":"10.21767/2386-5180.100253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2386-5180.100253","url":null,"abstract":"The author focuses on the need to resort laparocenteza in the diagnosis of closed abdominal trauma, especially when there is a mass flow of victims. This method allows you to properly perform medical triage that is to provide first aid to those most in need. He describes a more efficient and safer way than the traditional laparocenteza.","PeriodicalId":8195,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83577701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}