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Contribution to the geology of Failaka Island, Kuwait: Evidence from sedimentological and petrographic data from the NE part of the island 对科威特菲拉卡岛地质的贡献:来自该岛东北部沉积学和岩石学数据的证据
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12187
Rusudan Chagelishvili, George Jaoshvili, Jimsher Chkhvimiani, Hamed Al Mutairi
{"title":"Contribution to the geology of Failaka Island, Kuwait: Evidence from sedimentological and petrographic data from the NE part of the island","authors":"Rusudan Chagelishvili,&nbsp;George Jaoshvili,&nbsp;Jimsher Chkhvimiani,&nbsp;Hamed Al Mutairi","doi":"10.1111/aae.12187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kuwait–Georgian archaeological work at Failaka Island showed the need for geological study. Analysis of sediments related to drinking water-collecting cisterns was performed on a Late Islamic settlement (NE part of the island) in 2018. Field sedimentological, grain size and XRD analysis of the sediment profiles showed that the shallow (about 1 m deep) cone-shaped wells are dug in the loose, porous, cross-stratified calcareous coarse-grained quartz sandstones. Three upper layers of quartz sandstones in the profile have high infiltration rate and provide a rare yet ideal material for water retention. The fourth dense layer below, composed of very fine sand and silt fraction, tends to hinder water movement and forms a relatively impermeable water-resistant surface. Thus, the distribution patterns of clay content, grain sizes and porosity of the well-hosting sediments are favourable for freshwater infiltration and harvesting. An additional petrographic analysis was conducted on different types of rocks discovered on the archaeological site, used as building material and fragments of stone artifacts to identify their origin. It was established that archaeological building material is of local origin, whereas the source rocks for stone artifacts were imported.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 1","pages":"141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46237174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The “walled oases” phenomenon. A study of the ramparts in Dūmat al-Jandal and other pre-Islamic sites in north-western Arabia “围墙绿洲”现象。对阿拉伯西北部Dūmat al-Jandal和其他前伊斯兰遗址的城墙的研究
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12177
Guillaume Charloux, Thamer AlMalki, Ahmed AlQaeed
{"title":"The “walled oases” phenomenon. A study of the ramparts in Dūmat al-Jandal and other pre-Islamic sites in north-western Arabia","authors":"Guillaume Charloux,&nbsp;Thamer AlMalki,&nbsp;Ahmed AlQaeed","doi":"10.1111/aae.12177","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present article focuses on a long-lasting phenomenon that has not yet been treated from a regional and comparative perspective, despite its exceptional character: the walled oases of north-western Arabia. It appears that several oases in the region (Al-Ḥuwayyiṭ, Dūmat al-Jandal, Ḥāʾiṭ, Khaybar, Qurayyah and Taymāʾ) were entirely, or in large part, enclosed by outer walls prior to the Islamic era. These compounds comprised not only densely populated areas but the whole oasis territory, including rural zones and sometimes burial grounds. Measuring several kilometres in length, these immense defensive schemes required considerable investment by indigenous populations for their construction and maintenance until their disuse. According to our research, the walled oases phenomenon in north-western Arabia originated sometime in the late fourth−early third millennium BCE, possibly inspired by Early Bronze Age southern Levant defensive concepts, and further expanded in connection with the emergence of the trans-Arabian trade and the caravan kingdoms. These conclusions are based on the detailed technological study of the ramparts of the oasis of Dūmat al-Jandal and on the analysis of satellite imagery and scientific literature on other sites in north-western Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"256-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47966612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna? 为月神娜娜供奉的船型碗?
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12183
Steffen Terp Laursen
{"title":"Dilmun Boat shaped votive bowls for the Moon-god Nanna?","authors":"Steffen Terp Laursen","doi":"10.1111/aae.12183","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Early Dynastic sources make it clear that there existed a distinct Dilmun boat connected to foreign sea trade. The Babylonian Moon god (Nanna/Suen/Sîn) was symbolically associated with both a bowl and a boat that sailed across the night sky during stages in the monthly cycle before Nanna ultimately would “rise” from the bowl and boat at full moon. Sources from the Early Dynastic IIIa period mention actual votive bowls that are related to the “bowl” stage in the lunar cycle. Votive bowls shaped as boats are also mentioned in documentary sources associated with different deities. The boat shaped bowls for Nanna probably existed as a convergence of the cyclical concepts of the “Bowl” and the “Boat”. Importantly, from an Arabian Gulf perspective, these boat-shaped bowls are occasionally explicitly stated to have been fashioned in the shape of Dilmun boats. In this article the ideological concepts are outlined and discussed and a series of boat-shaped copper bowls from Babylonia are suggested as a possible match to the votive bowls shaped as Dilmun boats of the texts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41566525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Archaeological evidence of an early Islamic monastery in the centre of al-Qusur (Failaka Island, Kuwait) 古苏尔(科威特菲拉卡岛)中心早期伊斯兰修道院的考古证据
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12182
Julie Bonnéric
{"title":"Archaeological evidence of an early Islamic monastery in the centre of al-Qusur (Failaka Island, Kuwait)","authors":"Julie Bonnéric","doi":"10.1111/aae.12182","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The history of Christianity in the Gulf is still largely unknown since both archaeological and written sources are sparse. Many questions remain about the development and disappearance of Christian communities, as well as their form. A few sites were identified as Christian because of the discovery of churches or crosses. A church was excavated at al-Qusur (Failaka Island, Kuwait) by the French Mission to Kuwait in 1988–1989. Since 2011, a new French–Kuwaiti Archaeological Mission in Failaka (MAFKF) has aimed to better understand the site’s phasing and organisation. The discovery of a large refectory and a small tripartite building that is most probably a monk’s cell, as well as the reinterpretation of a church-like building as a structure perhaps dedicated to the spiritual education of monks has demonstrated that at least the central part was a monastery, making it the second Christian settlement in the Gulf to be proven to be a monastery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 1","pages":"50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49179909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Review on Late Pleistocene-Holocene relative sea-level changes in Kuwait: New evidence from Failaka island 科威特晚更新世-全新世相对海平面变化综述:来自Failaka岛的新证据
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12180
Damien Arhan, Kosmas Pavlopoulos, Éric Fouache
{"title":"Review on Late Pleistocene-Holocene relative sea-level changes in Kuwait: New evidence from Failaka island","authors":"Damien Arhan,&nbsp;Kosmas Pavlopoulos,&nbsp;Éric Fouache","doi":"10.1111/aae.12180","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New results from fieldwork carried out on Failaka island testify to relative sea-level fluctuations during Late Pleistocene and Holocene. This study is based on analysing, sampling and dating geomorphological sea-level indicators, including beach ridges or beachrocks. The results have been compared and harmonised with recalibrated data from pre-existing literature to reconstruct the relative sea-level local chronology. The vertical displacement identified may have induced coastline mobility and significant environmental changes and impacted the human occupation in Failaka and along the coastal areas of Kuwait. Eventually, the results highlight the impact of large-scale crustal deformations on regional relative sea-level variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 1","pages":"128-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45006326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Minaeans after Maʿīn? The latest presently dateable Minaic text and the God of Maʿīn 在Ma ā n?目前最新的可确定日期的米纳文文本和马基努的神
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12176
Jason Weimar
{"title":"The Minaeans after Maʿīn? The latest presently dateable Minaic text and the God of Maʿīn","authors":"Jason Weimar","doi":"10.1111/aae.12176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Historians of Ancient South Arabia have long questioned when the Minaean Kingdom collapsed and when the Minaean people disappeared thereafter. Scholarship presently leans towards dating the fall to sometime in the first century AD with the Minaeans dissipating shortly thereafter. Relevant for the question of the Minaeans’ disappearance is the Minaic RyIIIb stick inscription called L 53, which I decipher here. Based on a new paleographical dating system for RyIIIb inscriptions that I have developed, L 53 appears to date between the first to third centuries AD. This would make it the latest dateable Minaic text and quite possibly place its origins to after the fall of the Kingdom of Maʿīn. The text also contains the first attestations of the first person plural independent pronoun “we” <i>nḥn</i> in Ancient South Arabian in addition to a new divine moniker “the God of Maʿīn” (<i>ʾlh mʿn</i>). L 53 therefore might attest to a continuing Minaean linguistic and religious identity after the fall of their kingdom, which may be corroborated by Ptolemy’s statement that the Minaeans were a “great people” in the second century AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"376-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46651737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Umm an-Nar soft-stone vessel assemblage from Tomb QA 1-1 (Oman) based on finds recovered from half the tomb 阿曼QA -1号墓的Umm an-Nar软石器皿组合，基于从一半坟墓中找到的发现
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-02-22 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12175
Łukasz Rutkowski
{"title":"Umm an-Nar soft-stone vessel assemblage from Tomb QA 1-1 (Oman) based on finds recovered from half the tomb","authors":"Łukasz Rutkowski","doi":"10.1111/aae.12175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is devoted to the soft-stone vessels retrieved from QA 1-1, a tomb from the Umm an-Nar period in Wadi al-Fajj, Northwest Oman, as part of a joint Polish–Omani project in 2016–2018. To date, the excavations, although confined to half of the tomb’s interior, have yielded as many as 67 soft-stone vessels or their fragments, which, at least for the time being, is the second-largest collection of these items obtained from one Umm an-Nar tomb. The article primarily aims to present the current assemblage in terms of its spatial distribution within the tomb with particular emphasis on complete specimens discovered in situ. The paper aims to provide a valuable source of comparative research and thus may contribute to further discussions on the production and circulation of soft-stone vessels in the land of Magan, as well as the burial rites related to furnishing the deceased with them.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"213-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42535567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Excavations at Samahij, Bahrain, and the implications for Christianity, Islamisation and settlement in Bahrain 巴林Samahij的发掘，以及对巴林基督教、伊斯兰化和定居的影响
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-02-12 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12173
Timothy Insoll, Robert Carter, Salman Almahari, Rachel MacLean
{"title":"Excavations at Samahij, Bahrain, and the implications for Christianity, Islamisation and settlement in Bahrain","authors":"Timothy Insoll,&nbsp;Robert Carter,&nbsp;Salman Almahari,&nbsp;Rachel MacLean","doi":"10.1111/aae.12173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The episcopal seat of Meshmahig or Mašmahig is referred to in various historical sources, such as the synods of the Church of the East of 410 and 576. These sources have been extensively explored, and it is suggested that Mašmahig can be linked to the village of Samahij in north-east Muharraq Island, Bahrain. However, archaeological evidence for a Christian presence in Samahij, or elsewhere in Bahrain, was lacking. Excavations completed within the village cemetery at Samahij uncovered part of a large building complex. Based on the architecture, associated material culture and chronology, it is suggested this building was occupied by a Christian community, perhaps as part of a monastery or even the episcopal palace itself. This was abandoned after Islamisation, seemingly in the eighth century. The results of the first season of excavations are described, and the implications for Christianity, Islamisation and settlement in Bahrain are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"395-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49331150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dripping divination in pre-Islamic South Arabia: The oracle sanctuary of Jār al-Labbā revisited 前伊斯兰南阿拉伯的滴水占卜:重新访问Jār al-Labbā的神谕圣地
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-02-04 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12171
Jason Weimar
{"title":"Dripping divination in pre-Islamic South Arabia: The oracle sanctuary of Jār al-Labbā revisited","authors":"Jason Weimar","doi":"10.1111/aae.12171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since Halévy first published the Jār al-Labbā texts (CIH 460–466), their difficult terminology combined with the poor quality of the text copies has inhibited scholarly consensus and no systematic study of them has been undertaken since Beeston’s 1949 treatment. Here, I provide an up-to-date study of these inscriptions, including CIH 970 and the recently published FB-Jawf 1, which also come from the same site. I propose that Jār al-Labbā was an oracular sanctuary known as “the domain of ʿAṯtar” from where several oracular stick inscriptions claim to originate. I further connect the enigmatic <i>√ḎQṬ</i>-ritual in the Jār al-Labbā texts with Syriac <i>zqt</i> “to goad, direct”, the etymology which denotes an ongoing oracular relationship with the god ʿAṯtar from whom the individuals “receive direction.” This ritual seems to have involved sacrifice and the manipulation of liquids (probably blood) to produce oracles, a practice attested elsewhere in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"340-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Water installations and transhumance in four new Safaitic inscriptions from Birak al-Wisād 来自Birak al-Wisād的四个新Safaitic铭文中的水装置和transhumance
IF 0.5 4区 历史学
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/aae.12172
Omar al-Ghul
{"title":"Water installations and transhumance in four new Safaitic inscriptions from Birak al-Wisād","authors":"Omar al-Ghul","doi":"10.1111/aae.12172","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aae.12172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The four new inscriptions tackled here were written by four persons, three from the same social group <i>ʾl</i> ʾty, a hitherto sparsely attested group. They came to Birak al-Wisād most probably seeking water and pasture for their animals and might have settled there from early summer until late summer. They designated the source of water they came to as <i>nhy</i>. After considering the epigraphic, linguistic and archaeological information, the paper confirms that this word should be understood as “pool”. In addition, the four inscriptions delivered two so far unattested personal names, Wrṯn and Ḫmrt. For the first time in Safaitic inscriptions, one of the inscriptions introduced the expression <i>w wrd h-</i>ʾ<i>wl</i> ʾ<i>ns<sup>1</sup></i> “And he went down to the water as the first of (all) people”.</p>","PeriodicalId":8124,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy","volume":"32 S1","pages":"354-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/aae.12172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43042208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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