The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI最新文献

{"title":"Ir gene regulation: past failures to present cogent mechanisms and to delete diverting oversimplifications--a commentary.","authors":"E Sercarz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 5","pages":"277-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14113583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of human cord blood mononuclear cell lines, established by the HTLV-I integration, to expression of T-cell phenotypes and the T-cell receptor gene rearrangement.","authors":"H Miwa,&nbsp;T Uchida,&nbsp;T Kobayashi,&nbsp;K Kita,&nbsp;S Shirakawa,&nbsp;Y Koyanagi,&nbsp;N Yamamoto,&nbsp;A Shimizu,&nbsp;T Honjo,&nbsp;M Hatanaka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The HTLV-I integrated cell lines originated from human cord blood mononuclear cells were examined for the T-cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement in conjunction with immunological phenotype analysis. Five of seven cell lines contained the rearranged T-cell receptor beta chain gene. Interestingly, most of the rearranged lines failed to express the T cell differentiation antigens, OKT 4 and 8, though their positive expression of Leu 1 antigen indicated the commitment to the T-cell lineage. On the other hand, two cell lines retained the germ-line configuration of the beta chain gene, while phenotypical examination revealed that the two cell lines have distinct T-cell antigens. Non-rearranged cell lines have proved to be nearly monoclonal from HTLV-I integration pattern and/or surface marker clonality. Thus, the relationship between the immunological phenotypes and the T-cell receptor gene rearrangement observed in the T-cell lineage is not strict and often dissociates. A possible involvement of HTLV-I infection on the dissociation between phenotype and genotype is discussed from the viewpoint of phenotypical modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 1","pages":"43-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13993502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allo-restricted cytotoxicity recognizing EBV-determined antigens. Comments.","authors":"E Klein,&nbsp;S Torsteinsdottir,&nbsp;M G Masucci","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 3","pages":"195-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13993504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular basis for the inhibition of LPS induced differentiation by anti-immunoglobulin.","authors":"D Yuan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inhibition of mitogen induced differentiation by antibodies directed against cell surface immunoglobulins has been used as a polyclonal model system for the study of immune complex mediated down-regulation of the B cell response. The mechanism of this inhibition may also be similar to the ability of gamma globulins coupled to haptens to induce hapten specific B cell tolerance. By biosynthetic labeling of newly synthesized mRNA and of polypeptide chains, the molecular level of inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced B cell differentiation by whole anti-immunoglobulins (anti-Ig) has been examined. It was found that neither blast transformation nor initiation of DNA synthesis is prevented. However, the specific enhancement of transcription of the mu and kappa chain genes induced by LPS is inhibited resulting in the total abrogation of the increase in steady state level of mu s mRNA. In contrast, the basal level of transcription necessary for maintenance of the synthesis of mRNA for membrane IgM and IgD is not affected. Accordingly, it is the specific inhibition of enhanced initiation of RNA polymerases at the mu-delta gene complex which results in the previously documented decrease in IgM secretion. Moreover, since there is also no detectable C gamma transcription in cells stimulated with LPS in the presence of anti-Ig, the further differentiation of IgG secretion in LPS stimulated cells is also prevented.</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 3","pages":"133-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14634022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyclonal B-cell activation by a B-cell differentiation factor B151-TRF2. IV. B151-TRF2-responsive F1 B cells consist of two separate populations capable of recognizing only one of the parental I-A products expressed on B cells.","authors":"Y Takaháma,&nbsp;S Ono,&nbsp;L H Glimcher,&nbsp;T Hamaoka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyclonal IgM PFC responses of unstimulated B cells induced by a B cell differentiation factor, B151-TRF2, have been shown to involve an Ia-dependent process which is inhibitable by anti-Ia monoclonal antibody (mAb). Moreover, we have demonstrated that when T cell-depleted (B10 x B10.BR)F1 (H-2b/k) spleen cells are fractionated based on their ability to bind to a B10 (H-2b) monolayer, the B151-TRF2 responses of the adherent and nonadherent cell fractions are markedly inhibited by anti-I-Ab and anti-I-Ak mAbs, respectively. From these results, we hypothesized that B cell-recognition of self-I-A products expressed on B cells is involved in the B151-TRF2-induced polyclonal B cell activation. The present study examined the genetic and cellular requirements for the successful separation of F1 B cells with parental monolayers in order to prove recognition by B cells of self-I-A products expressed on B cells. The experiments utilizing monolayers from H-2 congenic strains revealed that identity at the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex between responding F1 B cells and monolayer cells was necessary and sufficient for the successful separation of F1 B cells. In support of this conclusion, purified B cells and B cell lines expressing only parental I-A products on the surface could function effectively as monolayers. Masking of I-A determinants expressed on the monolayer with anti-I-A mAb almost completely abolished the successful separation of F1 B cells, whereas pretreatment of Ia antigens on responding F1 B cells with anti-Ia mAbs did not affect the subsequent separation, indicating involvement of receptor-I-A product interaction rather than like-like interaction in the separation of F1 B cells by the monolayer. The B151-TRF2 responses of purified B cells obtained from athymic nude mice were specifically inhibited by the relevant anti-I-A mAb but not by anti-L3T4 and anti-LFA-1 mAbs, both of which were inhibitory to the Ia-restricted T cell responses. In addition, anti-Thy1.2 mAb plus complement-treated spleen cells from athymic F1 nude mice were successfully fractionated with parental monolayer into two separate populations with restriction specificity for only one of parental I-A products. These results negate the involvement of Ia-restricted T cells in the Ia-dependent process of the B cell activation. Finally, it was demonstrated that there was no apparent difference in the expression of respective parental I-A products between F1 B cell subpopulations adherent and nonadherent to parental monolayers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 3","pages":"177-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14634023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations of idiotypic profiles: the cellular basis of T15 dominance in BALB/c mice.","authors":"G A Wemhoff,&nbsp;J Quintans","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a component of cell walls and membranes from a variety of widely distributed microorganisms. It is highly immunogenic in mice and most murine strains have circulating anti-PC antibodies which are known to confer protection against certain bacterial infections. BALB/c mice offer a striking example of a high responsiveness to PC, a propensity to generate PC-binding myelomas, and a great restriction of idiotype expression in anti-PC antibodies; in fact, most BALB/c anti-PC IgM antibodies express the T15 idiotype marker. Although it has been suspected that T15 dominance is somewhat related to the continuous antigenic load presented by microorganismal flora found in conventional mice, a complete experimental account of how antigenic selection brings about such extreme idiotypic dominance is not yet available. In the studies presented below, we investigated the role played by the host environment, T cells, and antigen in affecting the generation of the anti-PC T15 idiotype profile in lethally irradiated adoptive hosts reconstituted with syngeneic neonatal liver cells. The results presented herein indicate that the transfer of mature carrier-primed T cells with neonatal liver cells does not influence the generation of the T15 idiotype profile. We also demonstrated that anti-T15 idiotype suppressed mice, used as lethally irradiated hosts of immature immunocompetent cells, allow an increased rate of reconstitution of the anti-PC response when compared to nonsuppressed hosts. Since the administration of a T15+ anti-PC antibody inhibits both reconstitution and idiotype expansion, we conclude that T15+ B cells do not self-promote themselves. In contrast, we observed that exposure of adoptive hosts to PC antigens can enhance the anti-PC response and alter the idiotypic profile in favor of T15-bearing clones. The failure of T15 idiotype and the success of PC antigens in promoting T15 dominance led us to search for an \"antigen inside\" which might play a role in the ontogeny of T15 expression. To this end, we produced isologous anti-T15 hybridomas and selected one BH8 binding IgM hybridoma, 15B1, as a potential carrier of an internal image of PC. In vivo tests involving the administration of this antibody to irradiated adoptive hosts immediately prior to the transfer of neonatal liver cells indicate that T15 expression in adoptive transfer can be enhanced by this antibody. Finally, we discuss a model to account for the generation of T15 dominance in normal adult BALB/c mice and its loss in adult BALB/c mice used as adoptive hosts for syngeneic immature immunocompetent cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 5","pages":"307-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14633170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of suppression by a murine nonspecific suppressor-inducer cell line (M1-A5). III. Partial purification of the suppressor cell-inducing factors.","authors":"W Y Almawi,&nbsp;P J Dolphin,&nbsp;B L Pope","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cause of the state of anergy which often accompanies advanced tumor growth has been attributed to several factors, including nonspecific suppressor cells capable of suppressing humoral and cell-mediated responses. Induction of suppressor cells in tumor-bearing hosts has been attributed to the release of immunoregulatory factors by the tumor, as well as by the host's own lymphoid cells. Several such \"suppressor cell-inducing factors\" have been described. However, in only a few cases has the inducing material been characterized. We have recently reported the existence of a suppressor cell inducing factor (SIF) in the 18 hr culture supernatant of spleen cells from mice bearing an advanced M-1 fibrosarcoma. Our aim was to characterize SIF, both biochemically and mechanistically. In order to purify the inducing factor, as well as to dissect the cellular and molecular events that occur as a result of suppressor cell activation, we isolated the M1-A5 cell line from the spleen cells of a mouse bearing an advanced M-1 fibrosarcoma. Induction of suppressor cells by supernatants from M1-A5 cells closely resembled the situation seen with the whole spleen cells. In both cases: 1) an inducing factor with an estimated Mr less than 12 kDa was found, and 2) the release, but not the effector function, of the inducing factor was prostaglandin-dependent. The 18 hr culture supernatant of M1-A5 cells was used as the source of the inducing factor and suppressor cells were activated by exposure of normal spleen cells to the inducing factor for 4 hr. The nature of the inducing factor was investigated by subjecting the M1-A5 culture supernatant to molecular weight sieving on Sephadex G-100 medium. The results showed that M1-A5 supernatants contained a high- (Mr 70 kDa) and a low- (Mr 5.5 kDa) molecular weight factor, which were termed SIF alpha and SIF beta, respectively. SIF alpha and SIF beta were further purified by ion exchange chromatography. SIF beta bound to QAE-Sephadex A-25 and was eluted in a single peak. However, SIF alpha displayed heterogeneity with respect to binding to DEAE-Sephacel, as SIF activity was seen in the void volume as well as in fractions eluted from the anionic exchanger. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the induction of suppressor cells by SIF alpha and SIF beta is genetically non-restricted. In addition, we show that SIF alpha and SIF beta suppress the in vivo antibody response to sheep red blood cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 3","pages":"157-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14111815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible involvement of Ly-1 B cells in the effector phase of IgG suppression mediated by suppressor T cell factor.","authors":"K Ono,&nbsp;F Kato,&nbsp;M Taniguchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effector phase of IgG suppression mediated by an antigen-specific suppressor T cell factor (TsF) was studied. The monoclonal TsF of an inducer type derived from a KLH-specific suppressor T cell hybridoma (34S-704) suppressed IgG response mounted by DNP-primed B cells (anti-Thy-1 treated spleen cells) and KLH-specific cloned helper T cells only in the presence of unprimed Thy-1-, Ly-1+, I-J+, Ig+ cells. The addition of naive Ly-1+ cells to the culture of DNP-primed Ly-1/Thy-1 depleted B cells and KLH-Th clones augments anti-DNP IgG responses, and KLH-TsF suppressed the enhanced parts of IgG responses. The Ly-1+ cell seems to be a target of TsF, because naive spleen cells treated either with anti-Ly-1 or with anti-MIg failed to absorb TsF, whereas TsF activity was absorbed with whole spleen cells and anti-Thy-1 treated spleen cells. The functional role of Ly-1 B cells and possible mechanisms in the effector phase of TsF-mediated IgG suppression will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 3","pages":"167-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14111816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptor mediated leukemogenesis: murine leukemia virus interacts with BCL1 lymphoma cell surface IgM.","authors":"M S McGrath,&nbsp;G Tamura,&nbsp;I L Weissman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induced T-lymphomas bear surface receptors specific for the leukemogenic retroviruses they produce. We have proposed that such virus receptors on lymphoid tumors are the antigen-specific receptors present on their normal lymphocyte counterparts. To determine the relationship between immune receptors and virus receptors on malignant lymphocytes, a spontaneous B cell lymphoma, BCL1, was investigated. BCL1-lymphoma cells from an in vivo passaged BCL1-cell line grew in vitro only in contact with splenic stromal cells. These stromal cells produced a retrovirus, termed BCL1-V, which was lymphotropic but not leukemogenic. BCL1 cells bound BCL1-V, whereas normal spleen cells did not. Isolated BCL1-IgM bound BCL1-V, whereas three other IgM myeloma proteins, MOPC-104E, CBPC-112, and HPC-76, did not. Rat anti-BCL1-IgM monoclonal antibodies recognizing mu chain isotypic determinants and BCL1-specific idiotypic specificities, blocked BCL1-V binding to BCL1 IgM. These data support the receptor mediated leukemogenesis hypothesis, suggest a role for virus:cell surface immunoglobulin interactions in the development of B cell lymphoma, and implicate an antigen presenting cell population in the lymphomagenic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 4","pages":"227-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13993505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limiting dilution analysis of T cells suppressing the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes.","authors":"I Melchers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system is often seen as an organ whose primary function is discriminating between \"self\" and \"nonself.\" Theoretically, there are several possible ways it can exert such a function. Earlier, it has been discussed that clones with receptors recognizing \"self-determinants\" are deleted during ontogeny. However, it is now well established that the normal adult repertoire does contain T and B cells with anti-self specificity. Nevertheless, in most cases autoimmune reactions are avoided, either due to lack of stimulation or due to active control mechanisms like suppression. There are various types of suppression described in the literature, ranging from highly specific to totally nonspecific suppression. A very attractive and universal form of suppression was proposed by Jerne in his network hypothesis: in the nonimmune state, cells of the immune system communicate with each other via interactions of their specific receptors and thus form a self-suppressive network. This paper describes the attempt to estimate frequencies of suppressor T (Ts) cells existing in the normal nonimmunized mouse. Ts cells are defined functionally in a suppressor assay, i.e., by suppression of the in vitro primary immune response of spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes. The experimental procedure involves limiting dilution of T cells into the suppressor assay followed by a quantitative analysis of the antibody responses (PFC assay or ELISA) and Poisson statistics. Several separate \"peaks\" of suppression are observed, depending on the number of T cells in the assay. Varying from experiment to experiment, these peaks reach maxima of suppression ranging from 20 to 80%. Low numbers of T cells are especially efficient in suppression, being themselves counterregulated at higher cell numbers. With increasing T cell numbers, suppression will appear and disappear again several times--a phenomenon already described by us for other functional T cell populations [reviewed in Eichmann et al. (1983): Springer's Sem. Immunopathol. 6:7].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77639,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of molecular and cellular immunology : JMCI","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14111810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}