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[Drinking trials for back calculation in long elapsed time intervals]. [在很长的时间间隔内进行反向计算的饮酒试验]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-11-01
A Schröter, M Sopp, H F Brettel
{"title":"[Drinking trials for back calculation in long elapsed time intervals].","authors":"A Schröter,&nbsp;M Sopp,&nbsp;H F Brettel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By evaluating 100 drinking experiments the formula put forward by Zink and Reinhardt for calculating the BAC at the time of the incident (maximum BAC = BAC at the time of blood sampling + 0.2/1000 per hour + 0.2/1000 added value for the first hour) was tested for its validity in cases when long time spans have to be taken into consideration. This evaluation showed that in cases of high BACs the elimination rate of ethanol during 8 or 9 was even higher than expected when the formula was applied. Even when increasing the additional value for the first hour to 0.3/1000, the calculated maximum BAC did not match the actual BAC measured in all cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 6","pages":"344-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19559815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Old wine in new bottles: the "promille-killer" Party Plus]. [新瓶装旧酒:“promille杀手”Party Plus]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-09-01
V Schmidt, T Rescheleit, M Oehmichen, H Schneble
{"title":"[Old wine in new bottles: the \"promille-killer\" Party Plus].","authors":"V Schmidt,&nbsp;T Rescheleit,&nbsp;M Oehmichen,&nbsp;H Schneble","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report about the allegedly new sobering up preparation called PARTY-PLUS, the ingredients of which resemble very much those of the inefficient \"drink with a sobering up effect NEUKAMM-lemonade\". In a drinking experiment Verum vs. Placebo (a light mineral water) the inefficiency of the alcohol elimination kinetics is proved once again, especially with regards to the extent of success suggested in advertising. Official bodies of administration of justice and legislation are called upon to oppose such doings of manufacturers and distributors more firmly. This is necessary because expected side effects and health hazards due to the high fructose contents are deliberately played down or concealed altogether.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 5","pages":"241-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18583571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Experiences after 2 years observation of a chronic alcoholic]. [对慢性酗酒者观察2年后的经验]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-09-01
G Schmidt, G Schmitt
{"title":"[Experiences after 2 years observation of a chronic alcoholic].","authors":"G Schmidt,&nbsp;G Schmitt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Doctors of legal medicine often have to act as experts when it comes to determining the influence of alcohol or drugs. For this work it would be desirable to have many years of experience in dealing with alcoholics or occasional drinkers. Therefore, drinking experiments have always been part of the training of a doctor of legal medicine, as well as playing an important role in legal practice. It would be wrong if the experience in the legal sense were to be considered sufficient for standardising the judgement of legal responsibility. However, this is often attempted. Too much schematism should be avoided with the so called per mille graduation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 5","pages":"268-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18581779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Revoking the right to drive--a blunt weapon against alcohol intoxicated drivers, hit-and-run drivers and speed limit and red light offenders?]. [撤销驾驶权——对付酒后驾车、肇事逃逸、限速和闯红灯的司机的钝器?]
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-09-01
G E Zabel
{"title":"[Revoking the right to drive--a blunt weapon against alcohol intoxicated drivers, hit-and-run drivers and speed limit and red light offenders?].","authors":"G E Zabel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The differences of the driving ban are determined by the text of law and the type of offence (drink driving, hit-and-run driving) or minor infringement. \"Levelling down\" is inappropriate. Character defects can be compensated by re-training programmes for drivers, years of sound driving experience and economic difficulties (unemployment). In these cases--especially if it is a first offence--the best way out of the dilemma is an exemption from the driving ban. Despite years of good reputation the exemption from the driving ban is out of the question if alcohol abuse is reinforced by violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 5","pages":"254-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18583573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Initial experiences with the "0.8 promille regulation in Thüringen]. [在th<s:1>林根州“0.8 promille法规”的初步经验]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-09-01
W Giebe, A Klein
{"title":"[Initial experiences with the \"0.8 promille regulation in Thüringen].","authors":"W Giebe,&nbsp;A Klein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood samples sent in for analysis in 1992 and 1993 showed an increase in the BAC values of offenders in the \"driving under the influence\" category. At the same time it was found that, proportionally, the number of people whose BAC was below 0.8% had dropped. The same trend could be observed in the \"road accident\" category. This trend continued throughout 1994. One can therefore assume that the introduction of the \"0.8% law\" in eastern Germany has brought with it an increase in the level of intoxication of people driving under the influence of alcohol.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 5","pages":"279-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18581783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Dental prosthesis--residual alcohol content?]. [牙科假体-残留酒精含量?]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-09-01
F Katzgraber, W Rabl, M Stainer, G Wehinger
{"title":"[Dental prosthesis--residual alcohol content?].","authors":"F Katzgraber,&nbsp;W Rabl,&nbsp;M Stainer,&nbsp;G Wehinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possible influence of complete or partial dental prosthesis when detecting breath alcohol by means of the breath alcohol analyser \"Alcomat\" was investigated in a study. During the study, volunteers were asked to rinse their mouths with different types of alcohol such as beer, wine, schnapps and sweets containing alcohol. No influence of the dental prosthesis on the results could be detected. A dental prosthesis neither prolongs the duration of residual alcohol detection, nor does it affect the period of false positive breath alcohol detection. In individual cases the waiting period of 15 minutes between the last alcohol consumption and the breath alcohol test--as legally enforced in Austria--has proved to be too short.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 5","pages":"274-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18581781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The role of alcohol in "pyromania" and arson]. [酒精在纵火和纵火中的作用]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-07-01
W Laubichler, A Kühberger
{"title":"[The role of alcohol in \"pyromania\" and arson].","authors":"W Laubichler,&nbsp;A Kühberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role played by alcohol in pyromania and arson was examined. We had a total of 103 arsonists, 95 of which were men and 8 women. 69 of the offenders had only started one fire, 34 had started more than one. 70 offenders were under the influence of alcohol at the time of the arson, 54 were alcoholics altogether. Adults were usually under the influence of alcohol, whereas adolescents were quite often not. Psychotics were generally not under the influence of alcohol. With regard to marital status, married arsonists showed the highest level of alcohol consumption. Offenders who started fires during the night were usually under the influence of alcohol, very drunk or even alcoholics. There were significant connections between the frequency and level of alcohol consumption and the number of previous convictions. Pyromania is classed as some form of psycho infantilism. In adults, it may be found in the form of an alcohol toxic regression in many different psychological disorders. However, it is found most commonly in unstable people with personality disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 4","pages":"208-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18672758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Time course of breath and blood alcohol concentration in disorders of lung function]. [肺功能障碍的呼吸和血液酒精浓度的时间过程]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-07-01
U Heifer, U Loos, D Klaes, C Schyma
{"title":"[Time course of breath and blood alcohol concentration in disorders of lung function].","authors":"U Heifer,&nbsp;U Loos,&nbsp;D Klaes,&nbsp;C Schyma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to examine the course of breath and blood alcohol concentration under the influence of disorders of pulmonary functions, tests were carried out on eight of each of the following groups: people without lung diseases, people with restrictive or obstructive lung diseases and people with lung over-flatulence. The oral ethanol intake consisted of 0.5 g/kg body weight in half an hour. The development of breath and blood alcohol concentration was determined by measurements over a period of three hours. During the absorption phase the breath alcohol concentration is greater than the blood alcohol concentration. This situation is reversed during the elimination phase. During the period of inflow, there is a higher alcohol concentration in the pulmonary circulation than in the peripheral-venous blood system. This is due to the distribution of ethanol. During the elimination phase the situation is reversed as the breakdown of alcohol occurs in the liver and this blood flows into the pulmonary system first. Within the framework of the given research conditions our examination results showed that there is no significant difference between directly and indirectly established blood alcohol concentration with regards to pulmonary disorders. By indirectly achieved measurements we mean measurements through breath alcohol. Given the relatively small number of test persons in our examinations further studies of the influence of pulmonary disorders seem necessary. These experiments would have to be carried out with a greater number of people or, alternatively with a higher alcohol intake in order not to overlook any possible, slight divergence from the rule.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 4","pages":"218-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18672759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Methanol from ethanol? On cleavage of the ethanol carbon bond and methanol formation within the scope of microbial metabolic processes]. [从乙醇中提取甲醇?微生物代谢过程中乙醇碳键的裂解和甲醇的形成[j]。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-07-01
P Stöhlmacher
{"title":"[Methanol from ethanol? On cleavage of the ethanol carbon bond and methanol formation within the scope of microbial metabolic processes].","authors":"P Stöhlmacher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While making investigations into microbiological literature, the following question was looked into: Are microorganisms able to generate methanol from the basic carbon frame of ethanol? Due to carbon monoxide dehydrogenase complexes some methanogens and acetate oxidisers are able to cleave the carbon bond of acetyl-CoA. Coenzyme bonded methyl groups (methyl-H4MPT, methyl-CoM, methyl-THF) are generated both by means of reduction (methano-genesis) and by means of oxidation (CO2 evolution) of the C2-unit. Usually these are looked at as precursors of methanol. Methanotrophs and certain methylotrophs are able to oxidise methane to methanol by means of oxigenase complexes. The C1-unit supplies coenzyme bonded CO; carbon monoxide can be reduced to methanol very effectively by several Clostridia. Both in vivo analysis of intestinal gases of alcoholised individuals and incubation experiments with certain intestinal groups with marked alcohol, might contribute in judging the real importance of the intestinal micro flora with regard to the problems of ethanol congeners.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 4","pages":"193-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18672757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Indicators for alcohol abuse in female drunk drivers. (Comparative study with alcohol intoxicated male automobile drivers)]. [女性醉酒司机的酒精滥用指标。(与酒后驾车的男性司机的比较研究)。
Blutalkohol Pub Date : 1995-05-01
R Iffland, P Balling, F Grassnack, T Krambrich
{"title":"[Indicators for alcohol abuse in female drunk drivers. (Comparative study with alcohol intoxicated male automobile drivers)].","authors":"R Iffland,&nbsp;P Balling,&nbsp;F Grassnack,&nbsp;T Krambrich","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women account for about 12% of all cases of drink driving in German cities. Little is known about their drinking behaviour and the extent of their alcohol misuse. In order that these questions may be clarified, three major studies were evaluated. In these studies, additional indicators for alcohol misuse such as GGT or methanol and acetone+isopropanol or indeed CDT, GGT, methanol and acetone+isopropanol were measured in blood samples. The results were compared with studies of the same kind on male car drivers. There were no significant differences in the ages of males and females. However, there were no differences at all regarding the frequency of the blood alcohol levels or the CDT. Indicators levels of chronic alcohol abuse, such als GGT levels above 70 U/L, methanol levels above 10.00 mg/kg or acetone+isopropanol concentrations above 9.00 mg/kg were approximately the same with women as they were with men. This demonstrates an increasing similarity amongst male and female DWI drivers regarding the drinking behaviour and alcohol abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":77045,"journal":{"name":"Blutalkohol","volume":"32 3","pages":"144-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18787694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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