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The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene最新文献

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Schistosomiasis vaccines: Farewell to the God of Plague? 血吸虫病疫苗:告别瘟疫之神?
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
M G Taylor
{"title":"Schistosomiasis vaccines: Farewell to the God of Plague?","authors":"M G Taylor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Control and even eradication of schistosomiasis have been achieved in some countries using integrated measures but this disease remains endemic in 74 countries with 600 million at risk of whom 200 million are currently infected. The application of control measures, particularly population-based chemotherapy, has in many countries greatly reduced the incidence of serious disease manifestations, but vaccines are urgently needed to supplement existing control measures. Great advances are being made in vaccine development and the first clinical trials are expected to begin shortly.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"257-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18931750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cutaneous ulcers in typhoid fever. 伤寒引起的皮肤溃疡。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
G Karthikeyan, S Mahadevan
{"title":"Cutaneous ulcers in typhoid fever.","authors":"G Karthikeyan,&nbsp;S Mahadevan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous lesions in typhoid fever are uncommon. We report cutaneous ulcers in two children (aged 10 years and 3 years) with typhoid fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"298-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Visceral leishmaniasis: new foci of infection in Libya. 内脏利什曼病:利比亚新的感染疫源地。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
M I Mehabresh
{"title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: new foci of infection in Libya.","authors":"M I Mehabresh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Libya have been reported for over 80 years, all these reports were from the northern coastal areas near Tripoli and the Green Mountain area. Since 1985, there have been new cases of the disease from the southern part of Libya in the Saharan and sub-Saharan areas, an area 250 km to the south-west of Sabha. This southern area has recently undergone much agricultural organization with increasing water supply and other environmental changes, which may be partially responsible for the establishment of these new foci. Twenty patients with hepatosplenomegaly and fever were referred from that area to the El-Fateh Children's Hospital in Benghazi for investigation. All had the clinical features and laboratory data indicative of the Mediterranean type of the disease. All were treated with sodium stibogluconate (10 mg kg-1 day-1), and responded well to this regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"282-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social and economic conditions in two newly reclaimed areas in Egypt: implications for schistosomiasis control strategies. 埃及两个新开垦地区的社会和经济状况:对血吸虫病控制战略的影响。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-10-01
S Mehanna, N H Rizkalla, H F el-Sayed, P J Winch
{"title":"Social and economic conditions in two newly reclaimed areas in Egypt: implications for schistosomiasis control strategies.","authors":"S Mehanna,&nbsp;N H Rizkalla,&nbsp;H F el-Sayed,&nbsp;P J Winch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reclamation of land from the desert is currently taking place in all parts of Egypt. A side-effect of many of these projects has been the introduction of schistosome parasites and their snail intermediate hosts, sometimes among Bedouin population with no previous exposure to the disease. The purpose of the present study was to describe social, environmental and economic conditions which can affect the transmission and control of schistosomiasis in reclaimed areas, and to investigate how residents of these areas view local conditions. Two areas were found to have high rates of internal and external migration, many different social groups with widely divergent priorities and minimal contact with each other, and inadequate infrastructure in terms of roads, transport, water and sanitation and health services. As a result of these conditions, control strategies which are effective for the population living in the Nile Valley will have to be modified considerably if schistosomiasis is to be brought under control in reclaimed areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 5","pages":"286-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18929024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Schistosomiasis in the southern region of Oman: vector snails and serological identification of patients in several locations. 阿曼南部地区的血吸虫病:病媒蜗牛和若干地点患者的血清学鉴定
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-08-01
M A Idris, A Ruppel, P Numrich, A Eschlbeck, M A Shaban, H J Diesfeld
{"title":"Schistosomiasis in the southern region of Oman: vector snails and serological identification of patients in several locations.","authors":"M A Idris,&nbsp;A Ruppel,&nbsp;P Numrich,&nbsp;A Eschlbeck,&nbsp;M A Shaban,&nbsp;H J Diesfeld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The snail Biomphalaria arabica is apparently ubiquitous in the south of Oman (Dhofar province). Snails bred in the laboratory were susceptible to infection with miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni (Puerto Rican strain). The snail Bulinus wrighti, a potential intermediate host of S. haematobium, was found for the first time in Dhofar. Human sera from five localities had antibodies against adult worm antigens and in particular against Sm31/32. The prevalence of seropositive patients was 28% of 47 farm workers, 12% of 99 out-patients from a clinic and 1% of 389 children from four localities. Autochthonous transmission of schistosomiasis in Dhofar is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 4","pages":"205-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19058497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Traditional eye medicines and corneal ulceration in Tanzania. 坦桑尼亚的传统眼科药物和角膜溃疡。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-08-01
D Yorston, A Foster
{"title":"Traditional eye medicines and corneal ulceration in Tanzania.","authors":"D Yorston,&nbsp;A Foster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A one-year prospective study into the aetiology of corneal ulceration in 103 patients attending Mvumi hospital, Tanzania, showed 25% (95% CL 16.5-33.5%) of ulcers to be associated with the use of traditional eye medicines (TEM) within the previous 7 days. There was no statistically significant difference between TEM users and non-users in terms of sex of the patients, season of presentation or age at presentation. Of 26 corneal ulcers in TEM users, 58% (n = 15) had no other identified cause of ulceration apart from TEM use. Of the remaining 11, eight showed the appearances of HSV keratitis, and three others had bacterial infection, two with Neisseria gonococcus. TEM use was associated with hypopyon at presentation (19.3 vs 2.6% in non-TEM users (P = 0.004)), and there was a trend to more central and dense corneal scarring in the TEM users group (42 vs 23%, P = 0.06). Secondary infection is an important cause of corneal scarring following TEM use, and all patients who have a TEM-associated corneal ulcer should have intensive antimicrobial treatment. TEM use will continue so long as primary eye care continues to be unavailable to the majority of the population of Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 4","pages":"211-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19059045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intracranial tuberculoma and hydrocephalus developing during treatment of tuberculous meningitis. 结核性脑膜炎治疗期间发生的颅内结核瘤和脑积水。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-08-01
G W Wong, S J Oppenheimer, W Poon, R Leung
{"title":"Intracranial tuberculoma and hydrocephalus developing during treatment of tuberculous meningitis.","authors":"G W Wong,&nbsp;S J Oppenheimer,&nbsp;W Poon,&nbsp;R Leung","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 3 1/2-year-old boy with tuberculous meningitis is described. He developed hydrocephalus and subsequently an intracranial tuberculoma while receiving appropriate antituberculous therapy. Such a paradoxical response is thought to be due to a hypersensitivity reaction to the infection during antituberculous therapy. Both hydrocephalus and tuberculomata should be looked for if any patient develops new neurological signs or symptoms during treatment of tuberculous meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 4","pages":"236-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19059050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reference levels of acute phase reactant proteins in healthy Zairean women in the reproductive age group. 健康扎伊尔育龄妇女急性期反应蛋白的参考水平。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-08-01
S Kuvibidila, R P Warrier, L Yu, D Ode, V Mbele
{"title":"Reference levels of acute phase reactant proteins in healthy Zairean women in the reproductive age group.","authors":"S Kuvibidila,&nbsp;R P Warrier,&nbsp;L Yu,&nbsp;D Ode,&nbsp;V Mbele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute phase proteins (APP) are plasma proteins secreted by the liver following inflammation. APP reference levels are unknown for healthy female Zaireans. The purpose of this study was to determine: (a) the reference levels of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and haptoglobin (Hp) in healthy Zairean adult women, and (b) whether the levels are different between lactating (Group I), pregnant (Group II) and non-pregnant/non-lactating women (Group III). APP were measured by radial immunodiffusion in 180, 212 and 27 women of Groups I, II, and III respectively (age range 15-45 years). The ranges for different APP were wider than for Western adults or those obtained in plasma from normal laboratory personnel. The means and medians of AGP were lower in pregnant that non-pregnant women, and those of CRP and Cp were higher. There were no differences in mean Hp levels between the three groups. In non-pregnant women, the mean levels and 95% confidence limits of CRP, Cp and Hp were within published ranges for healthy Western adults, while those of AGP were higher. In pregnant women only AGP and Hp were within published ranges. We conclude that, at least in non-pregnant women, the same cut-off points of CRP, Cp and Hp used for Western adults may also be used in the assessment of inflammation in Zairean women.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 4","pages":"239-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19059051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in children during peak transmission period in Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚传播高峰期儿童氯喹化学预防。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-08-01
B Wolde, J Pickering, K Wotton
{"title":"Chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in children during peak transmission period in Ethiopia.","authors":"B Wolde,&nbsp;J Pickering,&nbsp;K Wotton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A randomized controlled trial of the effect of chloroquine prophylaxis versus placebo on the occurrence of clinical malaria was carried out in 1988 among children aged 1-14 in the Awash Rift Valley of central Ethiopia. At the time of the study, chloroquine resistance had not been reported from this area. Two thousand children were randomly allocated to either chloroquine phosphate (5 mg base kg-1) or a multivitamin tablet. Treatment and weekly follow-up were carried out for 10 weeks during the peak malaria transmission season. There was no difference between chloroquine and placebo groups in the occurrence of at least one episode of clinical malaria, in smear positivity in those who remained free of attacks until the end of the study period, or in the prevalence of splenomegaly at the end of the study period. It is concluded that chloroquine prophylaxis is ineffective in preventing at least one clinical attack of malaria in children in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 4","pages":"215-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19059046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of three culture media and their combinations for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural aspirates of patients with tuberculous pleurisy. 结核性胸膜炎患者胸腔抽吸液中结核分枝杆菌三种培养基及其组合分离效果的评价。
The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Pub Date : 1994-08-01
A F Cheng, M S Li, C Y Chan, C H Chan, D Lyon, R Wise, J C Lee
{"title":"Evaluation of three culture media and their combinations for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural aspirates of patients with tuberculous pleurisy.","authors":"A F Cheng,&nbsp;M S Li,&nbsp;C Y Chan,&nbsp;C H Chan,&nbsp;D Lyon,&nbsp;R Wise,&nbsp;J C Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The abilities of three culture systems to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 480 pleural aspirate specimens in 347 patients were compared. The systems were the Bactec 12B radiometric detection system (Bactec 12B), the Middlebrook 7H9 broth (7H9), and two solid media including one pyruvate enriched Lowenstein-Jensen slope (LJP) and one non-selective Middlebrook 7H11 agar slope (7H11). In the 116 specimens obtained from 85 patients of confirmed pleural tuberculosis for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the diagnostic yields were 33 (39%) cases from Bactec 12B, 24 (28%) cases from 7H9 and 21 (25%) cases from LJP/7H11, with median detection times of 18, 47.5 and 44 days respectively. Thirteen isolates were recovered by the Bactec 12B only, 9 by the 7H9 broth only, and 2 by the LJP/7H11 agar only. The use of a combination of the three culture systems substantially increased the diagnostic yield to 47% over the individual systems. These results show that a significantly greater and faster diagnostic yield can be obtained by including Bactec 12B in pleural aspirate cultures for the recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76688,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene","volume":"97 4","pages":"249-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19058964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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