American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Improves Chest X-ray Interpretation Employing Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Ground Truth in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Shengkai Zhao, Lena Wucherpfennig, Yao Kou, Simon M F Triphan, Friedemann G Ringwald, Marcus A Mall, Mirjam Stahl, Olaf Sommerburg, Urs Eisenmann, Petra Knaup-Gregori, Mark O Wielpütz","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Precision in Lung Cancer: Screening, Susceptibility, and Therapeutic Resistance.","authors":"Patrick Nana-Sinkam","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing patient selection for lung volume reduction surgery: a novel quantitative CT approach.","authors":"Wassim W Labaki, Charles R Hatt, Sundaresh Ram, Craig J Galbán, Swaraj Bose, Susan Murray, Catherine A Meldrum, Kiran H Lagisetty, Rishindra M Reddy, Ella A Kazerooni, MeiLan K Han","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casual and close social contacts are important; also for tuberculosis.","authors":"Richard M Anthony","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Repurposing for Lung Disease: Mechanistic Rationale, Clinical Evidence, and the Path Forward.","authors":"Shubhang K Bhatt, Claudia Gyimah, Bhavika Kaul, Kerri A Johannson, Andrew Limper, Timothy Dempsey","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving toward precision in pneumonia through lung histopathology Sub-phenotyping.","authors":"David C LaFon, Carlos J Orihuela","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AK8 deficiency causes primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting energy homeostasis in the airways.","authors":"Dörthe Thüß, Ying Liu, Gerard W Dougherty, Ellie J Maas, Jie He, Xianglin Zhou, André Schultz, Kim G Nielsen, Heymut Omran, Hong Luo","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Casual Contact in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Transmission: A Molecular Epidemiology Study.","authors":"Neel R Gandhi, Kogieleum Naidoo, Keeren Lutchminarain, Shaheed V Omar, Hikari Yoshii, Fay Willis, Resha Boodhram, Thabisile Gwala, Angela Campbell, Megan M Coe, A Nichole Evans, Linrui Tang, Melanie H Chitwood, Senzo R Hlathi, Patience N Mbatha, Lavania Joseph, Hermina Van Der Meulen, Koleka Mlisana, Samuel M Jenness, Mark N Lurie, Barry N Kreiswirth, Joshua L Warren, Kristin N Nelson, Sara C Auld, James C M Brust, Ted Cohen, Barun Mathema, N Sarita Shah","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Transmission is the primary driver of tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant (DR) TB in high-burden countries; however, where and between whom spread occurs is poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We conducted universal whole genome sequencing (WGS) to evaluate the role of casual contact in Mtb transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited persons diagnosed with second-line DR-TB (eg, XDR, pre-XDR TB) from June 2018-December 2022 in metropolitan Durban, South Africa. We collected named contacts and GPS coordinates of homes, clinics, and community locations visited regularly before diagnosis. Among participants genotypically clustered by WGS (≤12 SNPs), we quantified the proportion attributable to close vs. casual contact. Close contact was defined as person-to-person links or overlapping hospitalizations. Casual contact links were based on geographic proximity of homes and community locations, or shared outpatient clinics.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>We enrolled 305 (80%) of 383 persons diagnosed with second-line DR-TB. TB isolates were sequenced for 251 (83%) participants; 141 (56%) were genotypically linked, forming 25 clusters (range: 2-49 persons/cluster). Among clustered participants, 69 (49%) were epidemiologically linked by casual contact and 13 (9%) through close contact. Multivariable analysis identified living within 1 km (OR 17.9), visiting proximate community locations (OR 1.88), shared outpatient clinic (OR 1.72), and person-to-person links (OR 5.38) as significant risk factors associated with genotypic clustering.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Casual contact in community locations accounted for half of transmission among genotypic clusters in a high-burden setting. Efforts to curb TB will require a greater emphasis on community-based measures to identify cases from casual contact or undetected intermediate cases, in addition to the current mainstay of contact tracing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-phenotypes of pneumonia defined by pulmonary histopathological features.","authors":"Amulya Shastry, Bradley E Hiller, Nathan L Sanders, Anna E Tseng, Jeet Kothari, Aoife K O'connell, Hans P Gertje, Catherine T Ha, Ekaterina Murzin, Katrina E Traber, James A Lederer, Matthew R Jones, Florian Douam, Thomas G Beach, Daniel G Remick, Nicholas A Crossland, Stefano Monti, Joshua D Campbell, Joseph P Mizgerd","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Establishing sub-phenotypes of pneumonia based on host biology will be a step towards using host-directed therapies (to complement microbe-directed therapies) more rationally and precisely. Pneumonia is a pulmonary pathophysiology, but histopathological changes within the lungs have not been leveraged for sub-phenotyping.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether pneumonia includes distinct sub-phenotypes based on pulmonary histopathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We scored 20 different histopathology features (eg, type 2 cell hyperplasia or necrosis) across rapid autopsy lung samples from 276 elderly subjects with pneumonia. Statistical analyses were used to define associations amongst histopathological features, and clustering segregated subjects into groups of similar histopathologies. Lung leukocytes were quantified using multispectral immunofluorescence. Lung samples from mice with varied infections were similarly examined to assess generalizability of findings and utility of experimental models.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>Subjects with pneumonia clustered into seven different sub-phenotypes with distinct histopathology signatures. Some histopathological features tended to associate with others, and each of the leukocytes measured (including macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and B cells) associated with select histology features and pulmonary pathology sub-phenotypes. Corollary sub-phenotypes were observed in mouse models, although some histology features observed in human lungs were never observed in mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By illuminating a spectrum of histopathologies and discriminating discrete sub-phenotypes of pneumonia, these studies provide a framework that may prove useful for developing and testing host-directed therapies for subsets of pneumonia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-experimental methods in air pollution epidemiology.","authors":"Carlos F Gould","doi":"10.1093/ajrccm/aamag217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajrccm/aamag217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7664,"journal":{"name":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}