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Dietary vitamin E and the effects of inhaled nitrogen dioxide on rat lungs. 膳食维生素E及吸入二氧化氮对大鼠肺的影响。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
L J Ramazzotto, R Engstrom
{"title":"Dietary vitamin E and the effects of inhaled nitrogen dioxide on rat lungs.","authors":"L J Ramazzotto,&nbsp;R Engstrom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groups of rats were fed diets containing supplemented adequate, or deficient amounts of alpha-tocopherol. Some rats from each group were exposed for 2 h to high-level concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in their breathing air. A comparison of wet and dry lung weights did not indicate that exposure of the gas was a cause of edema. Proportion of lung weight to total body weight was increased in all animals with the lipid content diminishing according to the amount of dietary apha-tocopherol available. Dietary intake of the vitamin did not seem to protect the lipid content of lungs of the supplemented dietary group from oxidation. No difference in total peroxides was noted between any of the groups. Inflation and deflation compliance measurements were greater for both exposed and non-exposed supplemented animals when compared to the adequate and deficient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 4","pages":"226-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12353013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of malathion on phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in preirradiated rats. 马拉硫磷对预辐照大鼠磷酸酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶的影响。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
P K Gupta, V Kapoor
{"title":"Influence of malathion on phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase in preirradiated rats.","authors":"P K Gupta,&nbsp;V Kapoor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 6","pages":"370-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12389034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of dietary dieldrin on reproduction in the Swiss-Vancouver (SWV) mouse. 狄氏剂对瑞士-温哥华(SWV)小鼠生殖的影响。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
B B Birgo, G D Bellward
{"title":"Effects of dietary dieldrin on reproduction in the Swiss-Vancouver (SWV) mouse.","authors":"B B Birgo,&nbsp;G D Bellward","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproduction was studied in SWV female mice that had raised one litter and then received either 0.2.5,5,10,15,20 or 25 parts/10(6) dietary dieldrin (n = 18 or 19 per group). Exposure began 4 weeks prior to the second mating and continued until day 28 postpartum (weaning). Fertile males were caged with the females during weeks 5-6 of exposure. Significantly mortality of the females occurred only at 20 and 25 parts/10(6) (89% and 56%, respectively) and all deaths occurred before parturition. Dieldrin did not affect behavioural oestrus. At 10 and 15 parts/10(6), 18% of the bred females did not become pregnant; all animals at lower doses and all survivors at higher doses were fertile. The gestation period was not affected. At 25 parts/10(6), the litter size was decreased by 17% over the control size (13.2 pups). The infertility and reduced fecundity resulted from a lesion(s) preceding implantation. Thus, in a separate experiment, 15 parts/10(6) increased the number of bred females that had no implantation sites 5 days post coitum while 25 parts/10(6) decreased the number of sites per pregnant female. As expected from the original dose-responses for infertility and decreased litter size, the converse effects did not occur. Pre-weaning mortality of all the pups occurred in 31%, 47%, 80% and 100% of the litters at 0,2.5,5, and larger than or equal to parts/10(6), respectively. Within the litters raised at 2.5 and 5 parts/10(6), the pup survival was not different from the controls (75%). Thus, in this strain, litter -oss is dieldrin's most important reproductive effect and it correlated with a dieldrin-induced maternal hepatomegaly. The birth weight of pups in litters that were lost was reduced by 3-13% and pre-death growth was reduced or absent. Pup-killing and pup-neglect were important proximate causes of mortality, but only at doses larger than or equal to 15 parts/10(6).</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 6","pages":"440-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12388670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enzymatic changes in lung tissue of asbestotic guinea pigs. 石棉豚鼠肺组织中酶的变化。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
J Singh, M U Beg, P N Viswanathan, S H Zaidi
{"title":"Enzymatic changes in lung tissue of asbestotic guinea pigs.","authors":"J Singh,&nbsp;M U Beg,&nbsp;P N Viswanathan,&nbsp;S H Zaidi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The changes in the activities of some mitochondrial and soluble enzymes in the lungs of guinea pig, caused by three varieties of asbestos dust 120 days after intratracheal injection, were studied. Marked increase was observed in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, diaphorase and malic dehydrogenase. Among the soluble enzymes, lactic dehydrogenase showed the maximum variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 4","pages":"267-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11388309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The metabolism of organochlorine compound by microsomal enzymes of the shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis). 凤头竹微粒体酶对有机氯化合物的代谢。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
C H Walker, A C Craven, M Kurukgy
{"title":"The metabolism of organochlorine compound by microsomal enzymes of the shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis).","authors":"C H Walker,&nbsp;A C Craven,&nbsp;M Kurukgy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The activities of microsomal enzymes of adult male shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) towards the organochlorine substrates HHDN, HCE and Heom were compred with those of microsomal enzymes of the adult male Wistar rat. 2. Liver homogenates showed similar epoxide hydrase activity to kidney homogenates in the shag, but in the rat liver preparations was much more active than the kidney preparation. 3. Liver microsomes of the shag showed smaller than 8% of the epoxide hydrase activity and smaller than 14% of the hydroxylating capacity of liver microsomes from the rat. 4. The relatively low activity of these enzymes is probably the main reason why the shag has been found to contain relatively high levels of dieldrin in ecological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12318593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in the kidney peroxidase activity in fish exposed to some industrial pollutants. 暴露于某些工业污染物的鱼类肾脏过氧化物酶活性的变化。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
S Mukherjee, S Bhattacharya
{"title":"Changes in the kidney peroxidase activity in fish exposed to some industrial pollutants.","authors":"S Mukherjee,&nbsp;S Bhattacharya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish under abnormal environmental conditions suffer from retarded growth and other physiological dysfunctions related to thyroxine deficiency. In teleosts lacking a definite thyroid gland the kidney plays a very important role in biosynthesis of the thyroidal hormone, in which peroxidase has an indirect action. Effects of some industrial pollutants and factory effluents on fish kidney peroxidase activity were recorded in Ophicephalus punctatus and Clarias batrachus. At concentrations of the pollutants at which 70-100% of the fish survive the exposure, peroxidase activity was greatly inhibited, indicating that even sub-lethal doses of toxicants may cause drastic changes in the physiological systems. The peroxidase activity increased well above the control levels at 5-h and 27-h exposures in some cases, but declined towards the end of the test.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 5","pages":"300-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developmental patterns of FSH and LH in female rats deprived of light before puberty. 青春期前缺乏光照的雌性大鼠FSH和LH的发育模式。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
J M Cons, P S Timiras
{"title":"Developmental patterns of FSH and LH in female rats deprived of light before puberty.","authors":"J M Cons,&nbsp;P S Timiras","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma FSH and LH levels were examined in female rats reared in the dark at different ages from birth until sexual maturation to investigate whether, and to what extent, external factors such as light, influence gonadotropin levels during development. Control animals were raised in diurnal lighting consisting of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. Light deprivation did not eliminate the characteristic peak of gonadotropins seen in early postnatal development but significantly increased levels of FSH and slightly decreased levels of LH (except for a transient rise at day 12). Constant darkness tended to lower whole body, ovarian and pituitary weights but to increase pineal weight. Whereas the time of eye-opening was the same in control and light-deprived animals, puberty (as judged by vaginal opening and first ovulation) was delayed in animals raised in the dark. The data suggest that environmental light has a mediating action on patterns of gonadotropin release, particularly on FSH, during prepuberal development.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 6","pages":"355-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12389032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of acute hypoxia on the enzymes involved in the metabolic and nervous functioning of rat brain. 急性缺氧对大鼠脑代谢和神经功能相关酶的影响。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
T Purshottam, N C Ghosh
{"title":"Effect of acute hypoxia on the enzymes involved in the metabolic and nervous functioning of rat brain.","authors":"T Purshottam,&nbsp;N C Ghosh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rats were exposed to a simulated altitude of 25,000 ft for 4 h in a decompression chamber, and the activity of some tissue enzymes estimated. Succinate dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased and cholinesterase activity significantly elevated in the brain homogenates of the hypoxic rats, succinic dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased. There was no change in the activity of Mg+2-ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase in the microsomal fractions of liver or brain homogenates of the hypoxic animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 2","pages":"73-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11344558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of treatment with alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and of cold exposure on the distribution of lipids in hepatic mitochondria. α -对氯苯氧异丁酸处理和冷暴露对肝脏线粒体脂质分布的影响。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
L Susheela, T Ramasarma
{"title":"Effect of treatment with alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and of cold exposure on the distribution of lipids in hepatic mitochondria.","authors":"L Susheela,&nbsp;T Ramasarma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Administration of alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (0.25% in the diet) to rats increased the liver weight, hepatic contents of ubiquinone and mitochondrial protein with no effect on the sterols. The increase was progressive with the period of drug treatment and was potentiated by simultaneous cold exposure. Withdrawal of the drug treatment as well as the cold stress resulted in a return of the liver weight and mitochondrial content to normal levels but this was not so for the ubiquinone content. Treatment with alpha-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate with or without cold exposure also resulted in a small but significant increase in the mitochondrial lipids which could be accounted for completely by an increase in the phospholipids with no change in the neutral lipid content. Analysis of the individual phospholipids showed that the drug treatment per se resulted in a specific increase in phosphatidylethanolamine content whereas simultaneous cold exposure or cold per se showed an increase in phosphatidylcholine. Cardiolipin content was unaffected. Mitochondria isolated from drug-treated animals maintained at an ambient or low environmental temperature showed a small but significant decrease in the respiratory control index for the oxidation of glutamate and malate whereas the coupled oxidation rates and ADP/O ratios were normal. Such a feature was also observed in the animals exposed to short periods of cold stress without the drug treatment. In all the cases the oxidation of succinate was unaffected. The role of accumulated phospholipids in the mitochondrial membranes in drug treatment and cold exposure is discussed in relation to the possible involvement in increased thermogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12318594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Placental transfer of halogenated benzenes (pentachloro-, pentachloronitro-, and hexabromo-) in rats. 大鼠胎盘中卤代苯(五氯、五氯硝基和六溴)的转移。
Environmental physiology & biochemistry Pub Date : 1975-01-01
D C Villeneuve, K S Khera
{"title":"Placental transfer of halogenated benzenes (pentachloro-, pentachloronitro-, and hexabromo-) in rats.","authors":"D C Villeneuve,&nbsp;K S Khera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was carried out to provide information on the placental transfer of three organohalogens of environmental concern. Pentachloro-, pentachloronitro-, and hexabromobenzene were administered per os to rats daily on days 6 through 15 of gestation at level of 40, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. On day 22, the dams were killed and fetuses removed by caesarean section. Maternal brain, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and adipose tissue as well as whole fetus, fetal liver and fetal brain were analyzed for organohalogen residue by GLC. Pentachlorobenzene accumulated in the fetus to a greater extent than hexabromobenzene. In maternal tissues pentachlorobenzene accumulated to the greatest extent in adipose tissue, followed by liver, spleen, brain, heart and kidney. With hexabromobenzene, the greatest accumulation was observed in adipose tissue, followed by spleen, liver, heart, kidney and brain. Pentachloronitrobenzene was not detected (0.05 p.p.m.) in any maternal or fetal tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":75826,"journal":{"name":"Environmental physiology & biochemistry","volume":"5 5","pages":"328-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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