Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board最新文献_第10页

Transit Board Diversity and Pandemic Service Cuts in Vulnerable Communities 弱势群体的公交委员会多样性与大流行病服务削减

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241263346

Carole Turley Voulgaris, Rosalie Singerman Ray, Lauren Ames Fischer

引用次数: 0

Human Trafficking Awareness Training and Response Procedure Template for Transit Agencies 公交机构人口贩运意识培训和响应程序模板

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241262308

Jodi Godfrey, Lisa Staes

{"title":"Human Trafficking Awareness Training and Response Procedure Template for Transit Agencies","authors":"Jodi Godfrey, Lisa Staes","doi":"10.1177/03611981241262308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241262308","url":null,"abstract":"As the frontline eyes on communities, transit operators are uniquely positioned to recognize suspicious activities and report them to authorities. Training is necessary to inform and empower transit agencies in the fight against human trafficking. Human trafficking is modern day slavery, which the U.S. Department of Justice defines as a crime that involves the exploitation of a person for labor, services, or commercial sex. Human trafficking is a worldwide criminal industry that the denies freedom of 25 million people around the world. This heinous crime often targets the most vulnerable populations and preys on their needs, weaknesses, and insecurities as a strategy to control their victims through force, fraud, and coercion. This paper reviews the resources available for transit agencies to train their employees on the signs of human trafficking that they should be on the lookout for. Truckers Against Trafficking’s Busing on the Lookout program has shared success stories related to transit employees recognizing situations and saving human trafficking victims. However, the existence of transit agency policies and associated procedures is a recognized resource gap in the transit industry. The available training materials direct trainees to refer to their agency policy on how to report suspicious activity. However, as noted, many transit agencies do not have a formalized policy or procedures in place to dictate how to report suspected human trafficking activity. This paper provides agencies with valuable human trafficking awareness training resources and a response procedure template as tools to improve the awareness and reporting procedures in their agency.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retroreflectivity-Based Service Life and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Airfield Pavement Markings 基于反射率的机场路面标线使用寿命和生命周期成本分析

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241255368

Zhe Wan, Hao Wang

{"title":"Retroreflectivity-Based Service Life and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Airfield Pavement Markings","authors":"Zhe Wan, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1177/03611981241255368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241255368","url":null,"abstract":"Airfield pavement marking plays a critical role in the efficient and safe operation of airport. Glass beads are embedded in the paints to refract and reflect light and enhance brightness and contrast for improving the visibility of markings. This study aims to investigate service life and cost-effectiveness of airfield pavement markings using Type I and Type III glass beads based on measured retroreflectivity data. The study employs a three-step approach: descriptive statistical analysis, survival analysis of service life, and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). The results show that the painting material is the most influential factor affecting marking performance, followed by the type of glass bead. Among markings with Type I glass beads, those using waterborne Type III and waterborne Type II painting materials show substantial survival time, followed by structural methyl methacrylate (SMMA), while methyl methacrylate (MMA) and waterborne Type I show shortest survival time. For markings with Type III glass beads, SMMA shows the longest lifetime, followed by waterborne Type III, MMA waterborne Type II, and waterborne Type I. With respect to LCCA, waterborne Type III and SMMA with Type III glass beads is found to be the most cost-effective option, while waterborne Type I and MMA with Type I glass beads is identified as the least cost-effective choice.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case Study of Ridership and Equity Implications of All-Day Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Commuter Rail Service 马萨诸塞湾交通局全天通勤铁路服务的乘客数量和公平影响案例研究

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241255020

Samuel S. Polzin, Megan Willis-Jackson, Phil White, Karl Meakin, Martha Koch

{"title":"A Case Study of Ridership and Equity Implications of All-Day Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Commuter Rail Service","authors":"Samuel S. Polzin, Megan Willis-Jackson, Phil White, Karl Meakin, Martha Koch","doi":"10.1177/03611981241255020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241255020","url":null,"abstract":"As the COVID-19 pandemic emerged from the acute phase and vaccines became widely available in 2021, transit agencies like the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) faced a daunting challenge of drawing riders back into their systems. Despite systemwide staffing shortages, service disruptions, and ridership patterns that have yet to return to 2019 levels, ridership on MBTA’s Commuter Rail has consistently outperformed the agency’s other services in the current COVID recovery era. In April 2021, as part of a multiyear vision to overhaul the system, MBTA switched from a schedule focused on serving traditional peak-period commuters to providing steady, all-day service modeled on more legible “clockface” departures. This study used regression analysis to show this change was consistent with the Commuter Rail outperforming other modes in ridership recovery, generating over 7,000 average daily weekday boardings and over 9,000 average weekend boardings. Latent class analysis demonstrated that this schedule shift primarily benefited riders traveling for a variety of purposes, rather than just traditional office work. This group, which we referred to as general riders, was more likely to be low-income (household income below $75,000), young (25 or younger), and Hispanic. This research demonstrated the ability of all-day service on Commuter Rail to serve MBTA’s key aims of increasing ridership and providing more equitable, accessible service.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community Public Mobility Using On-Demand, Low-Speed Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in Downtown St. Louis, Missouri 使用按需低速电动汽车的社区公共交通：密苏里州圣路易斯市中心案例研究

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241262306

Johnny Esteban, Rick Grahn, Bonnie Powell, Stanley E. Young

{"title":"Community Public Mobility Using On-Demand, Low-Speed Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in Downtown St. Louis, Missouri","authors":"Johnny Esteban, Rick Grahn, Bonnie Powell, Stanley E. Young","doi":"10.1177/03611981241262306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241262306","url":null,"abstract":"Legacy fixed-route transit systems designed to serve commuters struggle to provide efficient and effective service for short neighborhood trips and for population groups unable to access and egress transit stops using active modes (e.g., elderly, disabled). Neighborhood on-demand transit (ODT) services using low-speed electric vehicles (LSEVs) are an innovative technological solution that could help fill this gap in service (e.g., short, high-frequency trips) for diverse populations and trip types. This study evaluated user characteristics and travel behavior for a neighborhood ODT service (using LSEVs) in downtown St. Louis, MO, using responses from a community survey ( n = 244), ridership data, and vehicle trajectory information. A comparative analysis between neighborhood ODT, fixed-route transit, and transportation network companies (TNCs) was also conducted from the perspectives of total travel time, cost, and greenhouse gas emissions. Ultimately, the goal of the analysis was to motivate and inform holistic public mobility systems where different services are optimized to meet specific community needs. Findings indicate that the neighborhood ODT was effective at reaching diverse populations (elderly [20%], lower income [27%], and households with limited access to private vehicles [34%]). ODT reduced total travel time by 32% compared with fixed-route transit, produced 2.4 to 4.3 times less greenhouse gas emissions per passenger mile (compared with transit and TNCs), and was more affordable (free to users) than alternative options ($1 for transit, $10 to $12 for TNCs). Overall satisfaction rates were high, with 80% of respondents rating the service a 4 or 5 out of 5.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance and Productivity Analysis of the European Union Transport Sector: Evidence on Static and Dynamic Decision Models 欧盟运输部门的绩效和生产力分析：静态和动态决策模型的证据

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241257503

Fazıl Gökgöz, Engin Yalçın

{"title":"Performance and Productivity Analysis of the European Union Transport Sector: Evidence on Static and Dynamic Decision Models","authors":"Fazıl Gökgöz, Engin Yalçın","doi":"10.1177/03611981241257503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241257503","url":null,"abstract":"The transportation sector is a major cause of environmental deterioration and a key source of economic growth. A thorough balance should be provided between economic growth and energy consumption for long-term sustainability. In this regard, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) techniques, which can deal with conflicting criteria simultaneously and determine productivity changes, respectively, were employed. In addition, ingrained and novel MCDM approaches simultaneously evaluated European Union (EU) countries’ transport sustainability. EU countries were driven into two equal groups based on their economic development level. Both MCDM techniques are in harmony as regards performance rankings for both groups. MCDM results indicate that highly industrialized members of the EU, such as Germany and France, are top performers as regards transportation sustainability level. The MPI technique findings show that Germany and Poland stand out with their effective dynamic performance figures. In conclusion, Germany performs well as regards both static and dynamic performance. In the transportation field, decision techniques enable stakeholders and decision-makers to construct comprehensive management plans and attain a nuanced understanding of industry performance and productivity.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Pedestrian Near-Crash Events at a Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon-Controlled Intersection Using Video Analytics and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network 利用视频分析和长短期记忆神经网络模拟矩形快速闪光信号灯控制交叉口的行人近撞事件

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241264271

Panick Kalambay, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha

{"title":"Modeling Pedestrian Near-Crash Events at a Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon-Controlled Intersection Using Video Analytics and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network","authors":"Panick Kalambay, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha","doi":"10.1177/03611981241264271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241264271","url":null,"abstract":"Pedestrian safety is a long-standing issue in urban areas, where pedestrian near-crash events are more frequent than in suburban or rural areas. To address the pedestrian safety problem, a proactive approach was explored to assess and predict the severity of these events, which are valuable indicators of potential crashes. Object detection and tracking techniques were used to establish the temporal relationship of pedestrian near-crash events involving vehicles at an intersection controlled with rectangular rapid flashing beacons. A long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model is proposed to warn a driver 2 s before the vehicle reaches the conflict zone. However, this scenario can be considered optimistic, as the 2 s interval represents an ideal driver’s reaction time, which is more likely to happen in a connected and automated vehicle environment where vehicles receive real-time information about their surroundings and perform some basic tasks such as braking without waiting for the driver reaction. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LSTM neural network model, with an area under the curve value of 78.5% on the training data and an overall recall of 71.1% on the test data. The practical significance of this model is its potential to provide timely information about near-crash events, thereby enhancing pedestrian safety at critical points such as intersections.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of High Polymer, Crumb Rubber, and Epoxy-Modified Asphalt Binders on Laboratory Performance of Open-Graded Friction Course Mixtures 高聚物、碎橡胶和环氧改性沥青胶结料对开放式级配摩擦路面混合料实验室性能的影响

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241254387

Anas Abualia, Jun Liu, Louay N. Mohammad, Samuel B. Cooper, Samuel B. Cooper

{"title":"Effect of High Polymer, Crumb Rubber, and Epoxy-Modified Asphalt Binders on Laboratory Performance of Open-Graded Friction Course Mixtures","authors":"Anas Abualia, Jun Liu, Louay N. Mohammad, Samuel B. Cooper, Samuel B. Cooper","doi":"10.1177/03611981241254387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241254387","url":null,"abstract":"Open-graded friction course (OGFC) is a thin asphalt mixture surface layer. It is gap-graded with a high percentage of coarse aggregates that are nearly uniform in size, resulting in a high percentage of interconnected air voids and asphalt binder, which provides improved skid resistance, visibility, and decreased pavement–tire noise. However, construction personnel at the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development reported that conventional OGFC mixtures have durability issues and shorter service life, compared with thin asphalt mixture lifts. Hence, effects of different asphalt binder types on the performance of OGFC mixtures were evaluated. Five types of asphalt binder were utilized: conventional styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) asphalt binder PG 76-22M; high SBS content asphalt binder PG 88-28; diluted epoxy asphalt (EA) binder with two different dosages (25% and 50%); and a hybrid modified asphalt binder prepared with SBS and crumb rubber modifier PG 76-22G. The optimal aggregate structures were determined based on minimum required air voids and voids in coarse aggregate. Physical and mechanical tests were conducted to assess the performance of OGFC mixtures, including draindown, permeability, loaded wheel track, and Cantabro abrasion loss. Results indicate that OGFC mixtures incorporating diluted EA binder exhibited lower draindown values than mixtures containing PG 76-22M and PG 88-28. Moreover, mixtures with PG 88-28 and 50% EA binders demonstrated improved resistance to rutting. Mixtures with 50% EA and PG 88-28 binders demonstrated improved durability, compared with mixtures with PG 76-22M for unaged and aged conditioning, as measured by Cantabro abrasion loss values.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Public Opinions of and Interest in Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies: A U.S. Perspective 评估公众对电动汽车双向充电技术的看法和兴趣：美国视角

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241253608

Matthew D. Dean, Kara M. Kockelman

{"title":"Assessing Public Opinions of and Interest in Bidirectional Electric Vehicle Charging Technologies: A U.S. Perspective","authors":"Matthew D. Dean, Kara M. Kockelman","doi":"10.1177/03611981241253608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241253608","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) have bidirectional charging technology that provides new benefits to motorists, homeowners, and power grid operators. A web-based survey investigates the willingness of over 300 Americans to pay for added bidirectional charging features, namely, vehicle-to-load (V2L), vehicle-to-home (V2H), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies, along with their expected use frequency. Summary statistics suggest that Americans are willing to pay (WTP) an average of $280 and $776 on top of the price of a new car for V2L and V2H, respectively. About 51.3% would let their power company discharge their vehicle via V2G during grid emergencies if compensated and guaranteed a minimum battery level. Interval regression and ordered probit equations explain how demographics, travel patterns, and attitudinal variables affect the response variables, including WTP for bidirectional charging features and expected reliance on technology. The statistically and practically significant relationships suggest that adults over 34 have lower WTP values for V2L and V2H, and those in households with more vehicles plan on more bi-directional charging, as expected. The findings have implications for policymakers, manufacturers, and stakeholders involved in the BEV ecosystem, informing their decision-making processes related to integrating and commercializing bidirectional charging technologies. These models may even help power grid planners understand who is likely to adopt V2G technology, enabling them to aggregate and shift BEV loads to help manage the grid in parallel and isolation.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining Food Access Equity by Integrating Grocery Store Pricing into Spatial Accessibility Measures 通过将杂货店定价纳入空间可达性衡量标准来检验食物获取的公平性

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1177/03611981241254382

Subham Kharel, Seyedsoheil Sharifiasl, Qisheng Pan

{"title":"Examining Food Access Equity by Integrating Grocery Store Pricing into Spatial Accessibility Measures","authors":"Subham Kharel, Seyedsoheil Sharifiasl, Qisheng Pan","doi":"10.1177/03611981241254382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241254382","url":null,"abstract":"Accessibility to food stores offering nutritious and affordable options is critical to ensure urban residents lead healthy lives. However, the uneven distribution of diverse food options in U.S. cities has raised concerns about marginalized communities’ ability to obtain affordable and nutritious food. Transportation-related issues, like car-oriented urban form and sprawl, have created food deserts in cities, making it hard for marginalized communities to access affordable and healthy food. This lack of access has recently drawn the attention of urban planners to address food access-related equity issues. Spatial interaction models can help measure food access by examining how grocery store supply, demand, and proximity affect individuals’ access to necessary food. However, these measures do not always consider the pricing of food items, which can significantly affect food access for low-income individuals and families. We use a highly disaggregated measure tailored to measuring inequitable food accessibility by factoring grocery store pricing into various types of supply and demand. Then, using regional socio-demographic thresholds, we identify target population groups and perform a series of equity analyses using our food accessibility measure. Our results show that walking is more inequitable than driving to food stores and that African American and Hispanic minorities, the elderly, and carless households are more burdened than the reference groups (whites). Using our framework, we identify food deserts and provide spatial and empirical insights for policymakers and planners to address food insecurity and promote equitable access to healthy food.","PeriodicalId":517391,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141867429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0