Environmental Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Future-proofing the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity","authors":"A. Lynch, Amanda A. Hyman, S. J. Cooke, S. Capon, P. Franklin, S. Jähnig, M. McCartney, Nguyễn Phú Hòa, Margaret Awuor Owuor, J. Pittock, M. Samways, Luiz G. M. Silva, E. Steel, D. Tickner","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0116","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater biodiversity loss is accelerating globally, but humanity can change this trajectory through actions that enable recovery. To be successful, these actions require coordination and planning at a global scale. The Emergency Recovery Plan for global freshwater biodiversity aims to reduce the risk for freshwater biodiversity loss through six priority actions: 1) accelerate implementation of environmental flows; 2) improve water quality to sustain aquatic life; 3) protect and restore critical habitats; 4) manage exploitation of freshwater species and riverine aggregates; 5) prevent and control nonnative species invasions in freshwater habitats; and 6) safeguard and restore freshwater connectivity. These actions can be implemented using future-proofing approaches that anticipate future risks (e.g., emerging pollutants, new invaders, synergistic effects) and minimize likely stressors to make conservation of freshwater biodiversity more resilient to climate change and other global environmental challenges. While uncertainty with respect to past observations is not a new concern for freshwater biodiversity, future-proofing has the distinction of accounting for the uncertainty of future conditions that have no historical baseline. The level of uncertainty with respect to future conditions is unprecedented. Future-proofing of the Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity will require anticipating future changes and developing and implementing actions to address those future changes. Here, we showcase future-proofing approaches likely to be successful using local case studies and examples. Ensuring that response options within the Emergency Recovery Plan are future-proofed will provide decision-makers with science-informed choices, even in the face of uncertain and potentially new future conditions. We are at an inflection point for global freshwater biodiversity loss; learning from defeats and successes can support improved actions towards a sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48895727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of contaminants in bison (Bison bison athabascae) in the Peace-Athabasca region","authors":"Alana A. E. Wilcox, M. Jurasek, Conor D. Mallory, T. Shury, P. Thomas, C. Soos, J. Provencher","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0094","url":null,"abstract":"Oil production activities have remained contentious in Canada due to the risk of contaminant exposure and environmental impacts. However, despite recent advances in monitoring, there is a lack of information on contaminant exposure and its associated impacts for many species at risk. The threat from contaminants to wood bison ( Bison bison athabascae) in the Peace-Athabasca region, located principally in northeastern Alberta, is of particular concern, given the small size of the at-risk herds and the potential combined impacts of various stressors, including contaminants, disease, and climate change. Here, we review the available literature on contaminants in wood bison in the Peace-Athabasca region, extracting information on objectives, study design, location, contaminants, and analytic methods. We found six articles that assessed contaminants in wood bison and showed that, in the oil sands region, the species is exposed to a multitude of chemical contaminants. In particular, heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, and inorganic mercury, were analyzed most often in bison kidney, liver, and muscle tissue. We also provide a comparison of the type and levels of heavy metals in wood bison and moose ( Alces alces). We found that articles on wood bison were dated relative to moose (i.e., mostly pre-1990s) and that fewer heavy metals and tissue types were assessed. Lastly, we discuss the gaps in knowledge on select heavy metals in these species and the known effects on human health. Overall, our results suggest that more research and monitoring are needed to understand the threats to wood bison, interacting and cumulative effects, and potential concerns related to human health and well-being for communities that rely on wood bison as a traditional food source.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47102753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress, Challenges and Prospects of PM2.5 Concentration Estimation using Satellite Data","authors":"Shoutao Zhu, Jiayi Tang, Xiaolu Zhou, Peng Li, Zelin Liu, Cicheng Zhang, Ziying Zou, Tong Li, C. Peng","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0125","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite data are vital for understanding the large-scale spatial distribution of PM2.5 due to their low cost, wide coverage, and all-weather capability. Estimation of particulate matter (PM2.5) using satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) product is a popular method. In this paper, we review the PM2.5 estimation process based on satellite AOD data in terms of data sources (i.e., inversion algorithms, data sets and interpolation methods), estimation models (i.e., statistical regression, chemical transport models, machine learning and combinatorial analysis) and modeling validation (i.e., four types of cross-validation (CV) methods). We found that the accuracy of time-based CV is less than others. We found significant differences in modeling accuracy between different seasons (p<0.01) and different spatial resolutions (p<0.01). We explained these phenomena. Finally, we summarized the research process, present challenges and future directions in this field. We opined that low-cost mobile devices combined with transfer learning or hybrid modeling offered research opportunities in areas with limited PM2.5 monitoring stations and historical PM2.5 estimation. These methods can be a good choice for air pollution estimation for developing countries. The purpose of this study is to provide a basic framework for future researchers to conduct relevant research, enabling them to understand current research progress and future research directions.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration associated with Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems","authors":"F. Leite, G. N. Nóbrega, Lana Cristina Baumgärtner, Fabiano Alecrim, Júlia Graziela da Silveira, R. C. Cordeiro, R. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Agriculture, Forest, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector account for 23% of net global anthropogenic emissions. However, effective conservation agriculture practices can sequester carbon (C) up to one meter in soil depth and vegetation biomass. Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems attempt to ensure sustainable agricultural production by combining various agricultural, livestock, and forestry production systems. This bibliographic review aims to present and discuss ICLF systems, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional systems, achieving a better understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gasses (CH4, N2O, and CO2). Integrated systems exist in tropical and temperate climates, with different practices, arrangements, designs, and modalities. Intercropping species with different root structures provide more ecological interactions that enhance biodiversity, soil quality, and C sequestration while reducing GHG emissions. Yet, ICLF systems are complex and require technical assistance and support for being implemented, besides an extensive initial investment that increases the cost of operation. A relevant carbon sink in ICLF systems is carbon from tree biomass, where the wood can be used for various purposes. Timber for sawmills and general construction has a longer C immobilization time. Methane from enteric fermentation is the greatest contributor to GHG emissions in livestock and ICLF systems. Nitrous oxide is released primarily from synthetic fertilizers (when applied), manure deposited on pastures, and decomposition of plant residues. Carbon dioxide is emitted to a lesser extent from the application of lime and urea. Many studies do not include all compartments in the C balance and often focus on only one GHG or compartment of C. Accordingly, more studies on the sources and sinks of C and their potential to offset GHG emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent are urged.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42136950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A science and management partnership to restore coregonine diversity to the Laurentian Great Lakes","authors":"D. Bunnell, A. Ackiss, Karen M. Alofs, C. Brant, C. Bronte, R. M. Claramunt, J. Dettmers, Andrew E. Honsey, N. Mandrak, A. Muir, Victor J. Santucci, David R. Smith, Russ Strach, J. Sweka, B. Weidel, W. Mattes, K. Newman","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0109","url":null,"abstract":"Similar to many freshwater ecosystems, the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America have undergone numerous anthropogenic stressors resulting in considerable loss of biodiversity and habitat. Among Great Lakes fishes, the coregonine sub-family has endured the most extensive declines, including extinction of several species ( Coregonus johannae, C. alpenae, and C. kiyi orientalis) and at least 10 instances of local extirpations of other species ( C. nigripinnis, C. reighardi, C. zenithicus, C. hoyi, and C. artedi) across all 5 lakes, much of which occurred prior to the 1960s owing to overfishing, interactions with non-indigenous species, and habitat loss. Despite these declines, no federal-, provincial-, or state-mandated actions were ever implemented to conserve coregonine diversity, potentially because so much of the coregonine declines occurred prior to the enactment of federal conservation legislation. Possible explanations for inaction since enactment of that legislation include insufficient data on biological vulnerability or threats, unresolved taxonomy, and limited support from the fishery management agencies and their stakeholders prior to the 2000s. In recent decades, however, several fishery management agencies have undertaken efforts to re-introduce coregonine diversity. These efforts helped lead to development of a science-based framework to restore coregonines that was universally endorsed by fishery managers representing eight U.S. states, four U.S. tribal organizations, and the province of ON, Canada, in May 2018. The basin-wide framework is based on principles of conservation biology and adaptive management. We describe details of its key steps, including planning, restoring, and evaluating, while also describing recent implementation efforts to develop methods, improve available resources, and enhance coordination across the basin. Although our paper describes a regional effort to restore native coregonines, our adaptive-management approach could be used by other multi-agency stakeholders seeking to conserve or restore native fishes.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of climate change scenarios in the simulation of forest ecosystems: An overview","authors":"Haoyun Liu, Peng Li, C. Peng, Cong Liu, Xiaolu Zhou, Z. Deng, Cicheng Zhang, Zelin Liu","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change scenarios established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have developed a significant tool for analyzing, modeling, and predicting future climate change impacts in different research fields after more than 30 years of development and refinement. In the wake of future climate change, the changes in forest structure and functions have become a frontier and focal area of global change research. This study mainly reviews and synthesizes climate change scenarios and their applications in forest ecosystem research over the past decade. These applications include changes in 1) forest structure and spatial vegetation distribution, 2) ecosystem structure, 3) ecosystem services, and 4) ecosystem stability. Although climate change scenarios are useful for predicting future climate change impacts on forest ecosystems, the accuracy of model simulations needs to be further improved. Based on existing studies, climate change scenarios are used in future simulation applications to construct a biomonitoring network platform integrating observations and predictions for better conservation of species diversity.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47749551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research status and emerging trends in remediation of contaminated sites: a bibliometric network analysis","authors":"Wenwen Cui, Xiaoqiang Dong, Xiaoqiang Li, Jieya Zhang, Yisi Lu, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Site contamination poses a grave danger to the environmental quality and human health, and its remediation has been a focus of worldwide concern over the last few decades. Based on 5068 bibliographic data (2001–2022) acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), this study employed a scientometric analysis approach to analyze the present state and investigate the trends of contaminated site remediation studies. The results of this study provide an in-depth response to the following: (1) publication characteristics of polluted site restoration studies; (2) basic information on countries, institutions, journals, and disciplines engaged in remediation research in contaminated areas; and (3) a summary of development trends and hotspots in poisoned field cleanup investigations. In summary, this study assessed the results of research on contaminated site remediation. Those unfamiliar with contaminated site remediation could utilize the information in this study to rapidly merge into the field and grasp the forefront of research on this subject. This article can be regarded as a reference for scholars who desire to conduct further research on relevant subjects.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45501744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Khaki conservation: a review of the effects on biodiversity of worldwide Military Training Areas","authors":"Pascaline Caudal, S. Gallet","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Military training areas (MTA) are special environments with specific anthropogenic activities. The aims of this review are (1) to understand the interactions between military training activities and biodiversity, (2) to quantify the available scientific literature on this subject, (3) to highlight the origin of the studies. Queries were carried out on two literature databases: Scopus and Wiley. The queries returned a large number of papers, but few actually matched the research topics. These two databases contain nearly 400 articles that discuss the interactions between military training and biodiversity at different scales. These articles come from all over the world, but the majority were conducted in the United States. In Europe, the studies are mainly conducted on German, English and Czech sites. Impacts on biodiversity from all types of military training and from restricted areas were studied. The impacts on these areas are multiple and affect the landscape, the soil, fauna and flora. They can be directly or indirectly related to military activities. Responses to disturbance by military trainings can be complex as they are variable. Thus, the same training may result in positive, neutral or negative impacts depending on the habitats or taxa targeted and the country studied. Training methods are constantly evolving and vary between countries, it appears important to maintain research about conservation in those particular areas, which paradoxically represent opportunities for nature conservation.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48507131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term environmental changes in the Canadian boreal zone: Synthesizing temporal trends from lake sediment archives to inform future sustainability","authors":"Michelle Gros, David R. Zilkey, Katherine Griffiths, Jennifer Pham, P. MacKeigan, Z. Taranu, Candice Aulard, Alexandre Baud, Rebecca E. Garner, H. Ghanbari, M. Lachapelle, Marie‐Eve Monchamp, Cynthia H. Paquette, D. Antoniades, P. Francus, J. Smol, I. Gregory‐Eaves","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Covering 55% of Canada’s total surface area and stretching from coast to coast to coast, the Canadian boreal zone is crucial to the nation’s economic and ecological integrity. Although often viewed as relatively underdeveloped, it is vulnerable to numerous stressors such as mining, forestry, and anthropogenic climate change. Natural archives preserved in lake sediments can provide key insights by quantifying pre-disturbance conditions (pre-1850 CE) and the nature, magnitude, direction, and speed of environmental change induced by anthropogenic stressors over the past ~150 years. Here, we paired a review of paleolimnological literature of the Canadian boreal zone with analyses of published sediment core data to highlight the effects of climate change, catchment disturbances, and atmospheric deposition on boreal lakes. Specifically, we conducted quantitative syntheses of two lake health indicators: elemental lead (Pb) and chlorophyll a. Segmented regressions and Mann-Kendall trend analysis revealed a generally increasing trend in elemental Pb across the boreal zone until ~1970 CE, followed by a generally decreasing trend to the present. Snapshot comparisons of sedimentary chlorophyll a from recent and pre-industrial sediments (i.e., top-bottom sediment core design) revealed that a majority of sites have increased over time, suggesting a general enhancement in lake primary production across the boreal zone. Collectively, this body of work demonstrates that long-term sediment records offer a critical perspective on ecosystem change not accessible through routine monitoring programs. We advocate using modern datasets in tandem with paleolimnology to establish baseline conditions, measure ecosystem changes, and set meaningful management targets.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speaking the same language: Aligning project designations to clarify communication in restoration ecology","authors":"","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0091","url":null,"abstract":"As we enter the United Nations Decade of Ecosystem Restoration, the need to engage in restoration activities has never been greater. Included within this need is a requirement for clear communication between researchers, practitioners, policymakers, stakeholders, and community members. To facilitate the discussion and assessment of restorative activities, we propose two decision trees to differentiate between key restoration terms (Reclamation, Rehabilitation, Ecological Restoration, Rewilding, Landscape Restoration, Intra-Ecosystem Restoration, Reference Condition Restoration, and Ecological Reclamation) and to clarify how they relate to each other, based upon project scope and desired/intended project outcomes. Continued use of unclear terminology impedes practitioners or researchers from using the literature efficiently, to find precedents that could assist their current efforts. As such, increasing clarity of communications will ensure restoration is discussed within a framework of well-defined and agreed upon terms. It is our hope that this suggested framework will contribute to the ongoing and much needed terminology debate and help enhance cohesion on the use of key terms within the restoration focused literature. Given the increased focus upon restoration projects of any kind, especially during the UN's decade of ecosystem restoration, it is more important than ever that restoration practitioners speak the same language.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42818218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}