Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Current opinion on risk assessment of cosmetics.","authors":"Kyu-Bong Kim,&nbsp;Seung Jun Kwack,&nbsp;Joo Young Lee,&nbsp;Sam Kacew,&nbsp;Byung-Mu Lee","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2021.1907264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2021.1907264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk assessment of cosmetic ingredients is a useful scientific method to characterize potential adverse effects resulting from using cosmetics. The process of risk assessment consists of four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Hazard identification of chemicals refers to the initial stage of risk assessment and generally utilizes animal studies to evaluate toxicity. Since 2013, however, toxicity studies of cosmetic ingredients using animals have not been permitted in the EU and alternative toxicity test methods for animal studies have momentum to be developed for cosmetic ingredients. In this paper, we briefly review the alternative test methods that are available for cosmetic ingredients including read-across, <i>in silico, in chemico</i>, and <i>in</i><i>vitro</i> methods. In addition, new technologies such as omics and artificial intelligence (AI) have been discussed to expand or improve the knowledge and hazard identification of cosmetic ingredients. Aggregate exposure of cosmetic ingredients is another safety issue and methods for its improvement were reviewed. There have been concerns over the safety of nano-cosmetics for a long time, but the risk of nano-cosmetics remains unclear. Therefore, current issues of cosmetic risk assessment are discussed and expert opinion will be provided for the safety of cosmetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 4","pages":"137-161"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2021.1907264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrotactile sensitivity testing for occupational and disease-induce peripheral neuropathies.","authors":"Kristine Krajnak","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2021.1897911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2021.1897911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Standard Organization (ISO) standard 13091-1 describes methods and procedures for performing the vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) testing to diagnose changes in tactile sensory function associated with occupational exposures. However, the VPT test also has been used in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies associated with a number of disorders. This review examines the VPT test, variations in procedures that have been used, as well as disorders and diseases in which this test has been reliable for the detection of sensory changes. Mechanisms potentially underlying the changes in VPTs are also discussed along with procedural and subject/patient factors that may affect the interpretation of test results. Based upon the review of the literature, there are also suggestions for where additional research might improve the administration of this test, depending upon the subject/patient population and interpretation of data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 4","pages":"162-172"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2021.1897911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25479127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic exposure from groundwater: environmental contamination, human health effects, and sustainable solutions.","authors":"Elida Cristina Monteiro De Oliveira,&nbsp;Evelyn Siqueira Caixeta,&nbsp;Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos,&nbsp;Boscolli Barbosa Pereira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2021.1898504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2021.1898504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic (As) occurs naturally in geologic conditions, but groundwater contamination might also be found due to the consequences of mining, agricultural and industrial processes. Human exposure to As after drinking contaminated water is commonly associated with acute toxicity outcomes and chronic effects ranging from skin lesions to cancer. Integrated actions from environmental and health authorities are needed to reduce exposure, monitoring outcomes, and promotion of actions to offer sustainable As-safe water alternatives. Considering recent research trends, the present review summarizes and discusses current issues associated with the process and effects of contamination and decontamination in an environmental health perspective. Recent findings reinforce the harmful effects of the consumption of As-contaminated water and broaden the scope of related diseases including intestinal maladies, type 2 diabetes, cancers of bladder, kidneys, lung, and liver. Among the main strategies to diminish or remove As from water, the following are highlighted (1) ion exchange system and membrane filtration (micro, ultra, and nanofiltration) as physicochemical treatment systems; (2) use of cyanobacteria and algae in bioremediation programs and (3) application of nanotechnology for water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 3","pages":"119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2021.1898504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25480777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential protective roles of curcumin against cadmium-induced toxicity and oxidative stress.","authors":"Jae Hyeon Park,&nbsp;Byung Mu Lee,&nbsp;Hyung Sik Kim","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2020.1860842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1860842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Curcumin, used as a spice and traditional medicine in India, exerts beneficial effects against several diseases, owing to its antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Evidence indicates that curcumin might protect against heavy metal-induced organ toxicity by targeting biological pathways involved in anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumorigenesis. Curcumin has received considerable attention owing to its therapeutic properties, and the mechanisms underlying some of its actions have been recently investigated. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal found in the environment and used extensively in industries. Chronic Cd exposure induces damage to bones, liver, kidneys, lungs, testes, and the immune and cardiovascular systems. Because of its long half-life, exposure to even low Cd levels might be harmful. Cd-induced toxicity involves the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and damage to essential biomolecules. Dietary antioxidants, such as chelating agents, display the potential to reduce Cd accumulation and metal-induced toxicity. Curcumin scavenges ROS and inhibits oxidative damage, thus resulting in many therapeutic properties. This review aims to address the effectiveness of curcumin against Cd-induced organ toxicity and presents evidence supporting the use of curcumin as a protective antioxidant.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 3","pages":"95-118"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2020.1860842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38746018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenobiotic metabolism and transport in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.","authors":"Jessica H Hartman, Samuel J Widmayer, Christina M Bergemann, Dillon E King, Katherine S Morton, Riccardo F Romersi, Laura E Jameson, Maxwell C K Leung, Erik C Andersen, Stefan Taubert, Joel N Meyer","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> has emerged as a major model in biomedical and environmental toxicology. Numerous papers on toxicology and pharmacology in <i>C. elegans</i> have been published, and this species has now been adopted by investigators in academic toxicology, pharmacology, and drug discovery labs. <i>C. elegans</i> has also attracted the interest of governmental regulatory agencies charged with evaluating the safety of chemicals. However, a major, fundamental aspect of toxicological science remains underdeveloped in <i>C. elegans</i>: xenobiotic metabolism and transport processes that are critical to understanding toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, and extrapolation to other species. The aim of this review was to initially briefly describe the history and trajectory of the use of <i>C. elegans</i> in toxicological and pharmacological studies. Subsequently, physical barriers to chemical uptake and the role of the worm microbiome in xenobiotic transformation were described. Then a review of what is and is not known regarding the classic Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III processes was performed. In addition, the following were discussed (1) regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; (2) review of published toxicokinetics for specific chemicals; and (3) genetic diversity of these processes in <i>C. elegans</i>. Finally, worm xenobiotic transport and metabolism was placed in an evolutionary context; key areas for future research highlighted; and implications for extrapolating <i>C. elegans</i> toxicity results to other species discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 2","pages":"51-94"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2021.1884921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25392781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethylene oxide review: characterization of total exposure via endogenous and exogenous pathways and their implications to risk assessment and risk management.","authors":"C R Kirman,&nbsp;A A Li,&nbsp;P J Sheehan,&nbsp;J S Bus,&nbsp;R C Lewis,&nbsp;S M Hays","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2020.1852988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1852988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review is intended to provide risk assessors and risk managers with a better understanding of issues associated with total exposures of human populations to ethylene oxide from endogenous and exogenous pathways. Biomonitoring of human populations and lab animals exposed to ethylene oxide has relied upon the detection of hemoglobin adducts such as 2-hydroxyethylvaline (HEV), which provides a useful measure of total exposure to ethylene oxide from all pathways. Recent biomonitoring data from CDC provide an excellent characterization of total exposure to ethylene oxide to the general U.S. population by demographic factors such as age, gender, and race as well as smoking habit, which might be comparable to previous measurements reported for humans and lab animals. The biochemical pathways including gastrointestinal (production by bacteria) and systemic (enzymatic production) pathways by which endogenous ethylene is generated and converted to ethylene oxide are described. The relative importance of endogenous pathways and exogenous pathways via ambient air or tobacco smoke was quantified based upon available data to characterize their relative importance to total exposure. Considerable variation was noted for HEV measurements in human populations, and important sources of variation for all pathways are discussed. Issues related to risk assessment and risk management of human populations exposed to ethylene oxide are provided within the context of characterizing total exposure, and data needs for supporting future risk assessment identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2020.1852988","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38376778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good management practices of venomous snakes in captivity to produce biological venom-based medicines: achieving replicability and contributing to pharmaceutical industry.","authors":"Lucilene Santos,&nbsp;Cristiano Oliveira,&nbsp;Barbara Marques Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Daniela Vilela,&nbsp;Leonardo Melo,&nbsp;Lívia Ambrósio,&nbsp;Amanda da Silva,&nbsp;Leticia Murback,&nbsp;Jacqueline Kurissio,&nbsp;Joeliton Cavalcante,&nbsp;Claudia Vilalva Cassaro,&nbsp;Luciana Barros,&nbsp;Benedito Barraviera,&nbsp;Rui Seabra Ferreira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2020.1855279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1855279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the factors responsible for lack of reproducible findings may be attributed to the raw material used. To date, there are no apparent studies examining reproducibility using venoms for the development of new toxin-based drugs with respect to regulatory agencies' policies. For this reason, protocols were implemented to produce animal toxins with quality, traceability, and strict compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. This required validation of the production chain from the arrival of the animal to the vivarium, followed by handling, housing, as well as compliance with respect to extraction, freeze-drying, and, finally, storage protocols, aimed at generating compounds to serve as candidate molecules applicable in clinical trials. Currently, to produce quality snake venoms to support reproductive studies, the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) from São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil has 449 microchipped snakes through rigid and standardized operating procedures for safety, health, and welfare of animals. Snakes were frequently subjected to vet clinical examination, anthelmintic, and antiparasitic treatment. Venom milk used to destroy prey was collected from each animal in individual plastic microtubes to avoid contamination and for traceability. In addition, venoms were submitted to microbiological, and biochemical toxicological analyses. It is noteworthy that investigators are responsible for caring, maintaining, and manipulating snakes and ensuring their health in captivity. This review aimed to contribute to the pharmaceutical industry the experimental experience and entire snake venom production chain required to generate quality products for therapeutic human consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"30-50"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2020.1855279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38363169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ambient particulate matter on vascular tissue: a review.","authors":"Kristina Shkirkova,&nbsp;Krista Lamorie-Foote,&nbsp;Michelle Connor,&nbsp;Arati Patel,&nbsp;Giuseppe Barisano,&nbsp;Hans Baertsch,&nbsp;Qinghai Liu,&nbsp;Todd E Morgan,&nbsp;Constantinos Sioutas,&nbsp;William J Mack","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2020.1822971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1822971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fine and ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) are major constituents of urban air pollution and recognized risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This review examined the effects of PM exposure on vascular tissue. Specific mechanisms by which PM affects the vasculature include inflammation, oxidative stress, actions on vascular tone and vasomotor responses, as well as atherosclerotic plaque formation. Further, there appears to be a greater PM exposure effect on susceptible individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"23 7","pages":"319-350"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2020.1822971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10783909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds.","authors":"Kaat Leroy,&nbsp;Alanah Pieters,&nbsp;Andrés Tabernilla,&nbsp;Axelle Cooreman,&nbsp;Raf Van Campenhout,&nbsp;Bruno Cogliati,&nbsp;Mathieu Vinken","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gap junctions in liver, as in other organs, play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Inherently, these cellular constituents are major targets for systemic toxicity and diseases, including cancer. This review provides an overview of chemicals that compromise liver gap junctions, in particular biological toxins, organic solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides, metals and phthalates. The focus in this review is placed upon the mechanistic scenarios that underlie these adverse effects. Further, the potential use of gap junctional activity as an <i>in vitro</i> biomarker to identify non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic chemicals is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"255-275"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38070200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low toxicity and high efficacy in use of novel approaches to control <i>Aedes aegypti</i>.","authors":"Vanessa Santana Vieira Santos,&nbsp;Boscolli Barbosa Pereira","doi":"10.1080/10937404.2020.1776655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2020.1776655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arthropod-borne viruses are a group of etiologic agents accounting for different incapacitating diseases that progress to severe and lethal forms in animal and human targets consequently representing a significant burden on public health and global economies. Although attempts were undertaken to combat <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, the primary urban mosquito vector of several life-threatening diseases, the misuse of chemical pesticides, development of resistance, and toxicity on non-target species still need to be overcome. In this context, it is imperative for development of long-lasting, novel approaches envisioning effective control of <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, mainly in endemic regions. Thus, the present review was undertaken to describe safe and eco-friendly approaches as potential weapons against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. Accordingly, the findings discussed indicated that biological larvicides and genetic engineering technologies constitute noteworthy alternatives of future mosquito-borne arbovirus disease control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":49971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews","volume":"23 6","pages":"243-254"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10937404.2020.1776655","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38028747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}