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Bioremediation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐contaminated soil by using different aerobic batch bioreactor systems 不同好氧间歇式生物反应器系统对多环芳烃污染土壤的生物修复
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383563
D. Pinelli, F. Fava, M. Nocentini, G. Pasquali
{"title":"Bioremediation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐contaminated soil by using different aerobic batch bioreactor systems","authors":"D. Pinelli, F. Fava, M. Nocentini, G. Pasquali","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383563","url":null,"abstract":"The intrinsic depuration capability of a soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from a contaminated industrial site was evaluated in this study by using different aerobic batch bioreactors: a slurry‐phase bioreactor, a blade‐agitated bioreactor, and a rotary vessel bioreactor. For each bioreactor, the disappearance of 14 target PAHs and of the total extractable organic matter was monitored. The three treatments exhibited rapid and extensive removal of the PAHs, which disappeared at different degradation rates according to their molecular weight and aromaticity degree. PAHs with two, three, and four aromatic rings were degraded in sequence, with average rates that generally decreased as the number of molecule rings increased. A slight increase in the bacterial biomass concentration and significant CO2 production were also observed during the time course of the treatments. Among the three treatments, the slurry‐phase system provides the most effective and fastest removal of...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Nitrification and utilization of ammonium and nitrate during oil bioremediation at different soil water potentials 不同土壤水势下石油生物修复过程中铵态氮的硝化作用及利用
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383553
Z. Chang, R. W. Weaver
{"title":"Nitrification and utilization of ammonium and nitrate during oil bioremediation at different soil water potentials","authors":"Z. Chang, R. W. Weaver","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383553","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation of petroleum spills requires aerobic soil conditions and readily available N, which may be susceptible to leaching. Our objectives were to determine the influence of soil water potential on nitrification in the presence of crude oil, the toxicity of oil to NHj‐oxidizing bacteria, and the preferences of microorganisms for NH+ 4 or NO− 3. A Weswood clay loam was amended with crude oil to contain 0, 5, and 10% by soil dry weight, and N was added to achieve C:N ratios of 90:1 and 120:1. Soil water potentials were maintained at ‐0.02, ‐0.1, and ‐1.0 kJ/kg or allowed to fluctuate between ‐0.02 and ‐3 kJ/kg. Concentrations of NH+ 4 and NO3 −were measured during an incubation period of 40 d. Nitrification in soil not amended with oil was rapid at water potentials of ‐0.02 and ‐0.1 kJ/kg but inactive at a water potential of ‐1.0 kJ/kg. Oil reduced nitrification rates and populations of NH+ 4‐oxidizing bacteria. Little NO− 3 accumulated when the C:N ratio was 120:1, but when the C:N ratio was 90:1, u...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59968994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
American petroleum institute in situ air sparging database 美国石油学会现场空气喷射数据库
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383555
C. Bruell, M. Marley, Harley H. Hopkins
{"title":"American petroleum institute in situ air sparging database","authors":"C. Bruell, M. Marley, Harley H. Hopkins","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383555","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of data detailing in situ air sparging (IAS) systems at 59 sites has been assembled into an American Petroleum Institute in situ Air Sparging Database (API‐IAS Database). The database was developed to provide site managers insights concerning the state‐of‐the‐art of IAS system design, operation, and evaluation. The IAS radius of influence (ROI) is often evaluated based on changes in a number of physical, chemical, or biological monitoring parameters. Measurements of groundwater dissolved oxygen levels was the technique used most often to determine the ROI. Other parameters such as pressure changes in the vadose and saturated zones, groundwater mounding, air bubbling in wells and tracer gases were also used to aid in the determination of the IAS ROI. A review of 37 pilot studies revealed that the IAS ROI is generally between 10 to 26 ft. IAS technology is generally being applied in sandy soils. The application of IAS technology was deemed infeasible at seven sites where soils contained high l...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Comparison of Soil VOCs measured by soil gas, heated headspace, and methanol extraction techniques 土壤气体、加热顶空和甲醇萃取技术测量土壤挥发性有机化合物的比较
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383556
M. Minnich, B. Schumacher, John H. Zimmerman
{"title":"Comparison of Soil VOCs measured by soil gas, heated headspace, and methanol extraction techniques","authors":"M. Minnich, B. Schumacher, John H. Zimmerman","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383556","url":null,"abstract":"Comparisons of soil volatile organic compound (VOC) measurement techniques and soil properties expected to influence these measurements were performed at two dissimilar sites. A total of 41 soil gas, 52 heated headspace, and 51 methanol extraction/purge‐and‐trap measurements were obtained on collocated samples. Contaminants present at both sites included cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene, 1, 1, 1‐trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene. Heated headspace offered the highest sensitivity, as indicated by the greatest percentage of detections per number of analyses. The statistical regression between headspace concentrations and methanol extraction concentrations was highly significant (p < 0.001) with r2 = 0.53. Headspace concentrations (range, 7 to 4250 ng/g) ran approximately 20 to 30% of the methanol extraction concentrations (range, 260 to 7300 ng/g), indicating that the methanol was able to extract significantly more of the chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) than the headspace extraction, even in soil...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59970260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Soil Gas Modeling: The Need for New Techniques and Better Information 土壤气体模拟:需要新技术和更好的信息
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383541
K. Altshuler, D. Burmaster
{"title":"Soil Gas Modeling: The Need for New Techniques and Better Information","authors":"K. Altshuler, D. Burmaster","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59966771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Evaluation of residual soil contamination from commercial oil well drilling activities and its impact on the naturally occurring background radiation environment 商业钻井活动对土壤残留污染的评价及其对自然本底辐射环境的影响
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383545
H. Spitz, K. Lovins, C. Becker
{"title":"Evaluation of residual soil contamination from commercial oil well drilling activities and its impact on the naturally occurring background radiation environment","authors":"H. Spitz, K. Lovins, C. Becker","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383545","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation exposure received by individuals living and working on a farmland contaminated with radium was evaluated by measuring the technologically enhanced radiation background using portable survey instruments and a high‐pressure ionization chamber. Analysis of selected organic compounds, metals, and radioactive material in samples of soil and water obtained from the farm demonstrate a potential risk to inhabitants that needs to be evaluated, especially for future generations living and working on this land who may not be aware of the potential hazard. The distribution of radium and several other hazardous waste materials was found to be significantly elevated in areas where sludge ponds and waste pits were formerly located. Transport of these contaminants in soil was detected by in situ measurement of radium, which may be a useful analog for determining the translocation of metals and other contaminants associated with oil well‐drilling activities. Conventional risk assessment models, using default inp...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59966896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Integrating biofiltration with SVE: A case study 生物过滤与SVE的整合:一个案例研究
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383548
Matthew P. Lesley, R. Rangan
{"title":"Integrating biofiltration with SVE: A case study","authors":"Matthew P. Lesley, R. Rangan","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383548","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated soil vacuum extraction/ biofiltration system has been designed and installed at a gasoline‐contaminated leaking underground storage tank (LUST) site in southern Delaware. The system remediates contaminated moisture entrained in the air stream, employs automatic water level controls in the filters, and achieves maximum vapor extraction and VOC destruction efficiency with an optimum power input. In addition, the valving and piping layout allows the sequence of air flow through the filters to be reversed at given time intervals, which minimizes biofouling, thereby increasing efficiency by decreasing system backpressure. This integrated system achieves VOC destruction rates of up to 69%. The modular design allows for easy mobilization, setup, and demobilization at LUST sites throughout Delaware.","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59968261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Distribution and mobility of lead in soils at an outdoor shooting range 室外射击场土壤中铅的分布和流动性
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383547
K. Murray, A. Bazzi, Crystal Carter, A. Ehlert, A. Harris, Mike Kopec, J. Richardson, Helene Sokol
{"title":"Distribution and mobility of lead in soils at an outdoor shooting range","authors":"K. Murray, A. Bazzi, Crystal Carter, A. Ehlert, A. Harris, Mike Kopec, J. Richardson, Helene Sokol","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383547","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of total Pb in surface and subsurface soil horizons at an outdoor shooting range in southeastern Michigan was determined by single extraction elemental analysis (AAS and ICP‐AES). Significant Pb enrichment of the site's soils coincides closely with Pb vapor and particulate matter produced from shot shell primers and the downfall of Pb/Sb pellets associated with the recreational shooting of skeet and trap. Surface concentrations in these locations are 10 to 100 times greater than the background concentration found on adjacent properties. The distribution of Pb in the subsurface soil horizons corresponds to the distribution of Pb at the surface, which suggests the Pb is mobilizing and migrating downward through the vadose zone. This mobilization appears to be occurring despite the clay‐rich nature of the soils, and may be due to the transformation of metallic Pb into soluble Pb compounds of carbonate and sulfate: Both compounds appear to be present in crust material found coating many of th...","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59967198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
Sorption and desorption of arsenic from sandy soils: Column studies 砂土对砷的吸附和解吸：柱研究
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383544
P. Kuhlmeier
{"title":"Sorption and desorption of arsenic from sandy soils: Column studies","authors":"P. Kuhlmeier","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383544","url":null,"abstract":"Rate‐limited sorption/desorption can have a profound effect upon the transport of sorbing contaminants. Numerical and analytical models used to predict chemical movement through the subsurface rarely incorporate the effects of nonlinear sorption and desorption kinetics, resulting in potentially large overestimates of mass extractability. Mass transfer characteristics of arsenic‐contaminated soils at the site of a former arsenical herbicide manufacturer in Houston, Texas, were examined in the laboratory using soil columns. Unaffected soils comprised of silty sands to coarse sands were collected from the uppermost aquifer. Two soil columns were loaded with a known mass of mixed organic and inorganic forms of arsenic resident in site ground water. A third control column was prepared with dry 20 × 30 mesh ASTM silica sand. Leachate samples were collected from each void volume until arsenic breakthrough was achieved. The dynamic test applied a continuing head of water, operating in an upflow mode through 4‐in....","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59966883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Indoor infiltration of volatile organic contaminants: Measured soil gas entry rates and other research results for Canadian houses 挥发性有机污染物的室内渗透:加拿大房屋测量的土壤气体进入率和其他研究结果
IF 2 4区 环境科学与生态学
Soil & Sediment Contamination Pub Date : 1997-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15320389709383542
D. Fugler, M. Adomait
{"title":"Indoor infiltration of volatile organic contaminants: Measured soil gas entry rates and other research results for Canadian houses","authors":"D. Fugler, M. Adomait","doi":"10.1080/15320389709383542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320389709383542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49505,"journal":{"name":"Soil & Sediment Contamination","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15320389709383542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59966820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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