Вісник Одеського національного університету最新文献

{"title":"ORIBATID MITES (ORIBATEI) IN THE MESOFAUNA OF PARK ZONES CITIES OF ODESA (UKRAINE)","authors":"S. Ya. Pidhorna, O. F. Deli, K. Y. Chernychko","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284687","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The data about mesofauna of the soils of the park areas of Odesa are presented for the first time in this article. Aim. To study the species composition and main ecological characteristics of groups of armored ticks in the soils of the park zones of Odesa city. Methods. In the course of the study, generally accepted methods of soil microarthropod research were used, namely: taking soil samples, extraction of microarthropods in thermoelectrics, and making permanent micropreparations. The main results. According to the results of the study, it was shown that the mesofauna of the soils of the park zones of Odesa contains phonon groups of invertebrates: Enoplea, Malacostraca, Arachnida, Myriapoda, Entognatha, Insecta. Mites (Prostigmata, Mesostigmata, Astigmata) and springtails (Collembola) predominated in all studied biotopes. It is shown that according to the vertical distribution in the soil, mites predominate in the surface layers of the soil (0–5 cm), and springtails prevail in the deeper ones (5–10 cm). 18 species of oribatid mites were identified, which were given the main ecological characteristics: life forms and dominance structure. An environmental assessment was carried out based on the integral index of groups of oribatid mites. Conclusions. According to the analysis of groups of oribatid mites, it is shown that the ecological state of the environment in the parks of the city of Odesa is estimated as “average level of deviations from the norm” in the Shevchenko Park and Youth Square and “slight deviations from the norm” in the Peremogy Arboretum.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHANGES IN THE DENSITY AND COMPOSITION OF BONE TISSUE AND ALVEOLAR BONE ATROPHY IN RATS WITH HYPOTHIREOSIS AND CORRECTION WITH A COMPLEX OF MINERALS AND VITAMINS","authors":"О. V. Zaderei, І. V. Khodakov","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284690","url":null,"abstract":"Problem. For diseases of the thyroid gland, it is advisable to use hormone replacement therapy. However, numerous consequences of an overdose of L‑thyroxine drugs are known. The use of a preventive complex based on minerals, vitamins and quercetin can be an alternative to replacement therapy for correcting the consequences of disorders of the musculoskeletal system in thyroid diseases.\u0000Goal. The purpose of the work is an experimental study of the osteoprotective effectiveness of a complex of vitamins and minerals in rats with hypothyroidism.\u0000Method. In the experiment, 36 rats were used, which were divided into three groups: 12 intact, 12 animals that were simulated with hypothyroidism, and 12 rats that, against the background of hypothyroidism, were administered a preventive complex daily. The experiment on modeling hypothyroidism and its prevention lasted 4 months. Mandibles, lumbar vertebrae and femurs of rats of both sexes were isolated. Morphometric parameters were studied in vertebrae and femurs: density, content of mineral and organic components of bone tissue. The degree of atrophy of the alveolar process was determined in the jaws of the animals.\u0000Main results. Modeling hypothyroidism in rats caused a significant decrease in femoral bone density in males by 2.2% and in females by 1.7%, had no effect on lumbar vertebral density, and significantly increased alveolar process atrophy in males by 22.2% and in females by 15. 8%. The decrease in the density of the femur bone was due to a decrease in the content of the mineral component of bone tissue by 4.5–7.2%. The use of a preventive complex containing vitamins, minerals and quercetin led to an increase in the density of femurs to the level of healthy animals, increased the density of the lumbar vertebrae by 2.2–3.1%, and reduced atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws in females by 21.5% and in males by 31.4%. Deterioration of the quality of bone tissue in thyroid insufficiency, as well as the osteotropic effectiveness of the prophylactic complex in conditions of hypothyroidism, were more pronounced in males.\u0000Conclusions. The conducted studies showed the development of dystrophic processes in the jaws and femurs of rats against the background of a deficiency of thyroid hormones and the positive effect of a complex of vitamins and minerals, which effectively stopped the atrophy of the alveolar process of the jaws and the decrease in the density of the femurs, and also increased the density of the lumbar vertebrae of rats with hypothyroidism.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE DENDROLOGY COLLECTION OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF ONU IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM \"PHARMACY\"","authors":"O. M. Popova, L. V. Levchuk","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284684","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The quality of educational results in pharmaceutical botany in Ukraine is insufficient. This is evidenced by the results of the first stage of the Unified state qualification exam “KROK‑1” (“STEP 1”) in recent years. The improvement of the quality of education will be facilitated by the compilation of a clear list of types of medicinal plants, which applicants must study, and the acquaintance of future pharmacists with live plants stored in collections, in particular, the botanical garden of Odesa University. Aim. The purpose of the work was to identify and characterize a part of the dendrological collection of the open ground in the arboretum of the National University Botanical Garden, important for studying in the course of pharmaceutical botany by students of the second (master’s) level of education within the OPP «Pharmacy». Methods. For the first time, the dendrological collection of the open soil of the botanical garden was investigated for species used in scientific medicine. In order to identify the latter, the program recommended by the Ministry of Health, basic textbooks on pharmaceutical botany, pharmacognosy, the state register of medicinal products of Ukraine, the 2nd edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine were analyzed. The analysis of the species list was carried out according to traditional floristic methods. Main results. In the dendrological collection of the botanical garden, 123 species from 42 families and 87 genera were found, which are considered in the textbook on pharmaceutical botany. Among them, the leading families are Rosaceae, Pinaceae, and Cupressaceae. Among life forms, trees dominate, with bushes being 2.3 times less frequent. Plants from the Circumboreal, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian floristic regions predominate. Four species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (Juniperus excelsa, J. foetidissima, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata) and 8 require protection on the global scale (Abies numidica, A. pinsapo, Aesculus hippocastanum, Cedrus atlantica, C. libani, Eucommia ulmoides, Ginkgo biloba, Sequoiadendron giganteum), two are close to them (Platycladus orientalis, Pistacia vera). More than half of these species are used in scientific medicine. There are 72 species (11 gymnosperms and 61 angiosperms) from 58 genera and 34 families which are studied under the OPP «Pharmacy». Trees also predominate among them, but the numberof trees is only 1.6 times higher than of bushes. Among them there is 1 species from the Red Book and 6 species that are under threat of extinction on the global scale. The woody plants diversity is higher on the old territory of the botanical garden than on the new one. Zhakkar’s coefficient is 0.64. Official woody plants were identified, which are not in the collection of the botanical garden, but can grow here in accordance with the requirements for the surrounding environment. 17 species are proposed to expand the collection in order to more fully meet the educational","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"11 14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRECTION OF DISORDERS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF RATS WITH CHRONIC COLESTASIS WITH THE LEQUIN AND MINERAL COMPLEX","authors":"О. А. Makarenko, T. V. Mohylevska","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284693","url":null,"abstract":"Problem. Complete or partial cessation of the flow of bile into the duodenum during cholestasis not only impairs the absorption of micro- and macroelements, fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the intestine, but also disrupts the microbiocenosis in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract. Knowledge of the mechanisms of disorders in the digestive tract caused by a decrease in the outflow of bile is important for the development of effective pathogenetic therapy. The drug Lequin (lecithin and quercetin), as well as the natural sorbent Mineralol, can be considered as such a preventive agent. Aim. To investigate the condition of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract of rats against the background of chronic cholestasis and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention with the Mineralol and Lequin complex. Methods. The research was carried out on rats, which were divided into three groups: 1 group – intact, 2 group – rats that were modeled chronic cholestasis, 3 group – rats that were injected with Lequin (500 mg/kg) and Mineral (1 g/kg) against the background of cholestasis). Cholestasis in rats was modeled by ligation of the common bile duct under thiopental anesthesia. The drugs were administered orally to the rats of the 3rd group daily in the morning on an empty stomach for 4 months. Biochemical studies were carried out in blood serum (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, elastase activity), liver (elastase, acid phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde content) and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, small andlarge intestine (elastase, acid phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde content). Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the Student-Fisher method. The main results. The conducted studies established liver parenchymal damage and cholestasis phenomena in rats with ligation of the common bile duct, which was confirmed by a decrease in alanine aminotransferase activity by 30.8% against the background of an increase in elastase activity by 42.0% and alkaline phosphatase activity by 43.6% in animal blood serum. Chronic cholestasis in rats led to the development of inflammatory processes in the liver: an increase in the activity of elastase by 24.5%, the activity of acid phosphatase by 29.8%, the level of malondialdehyde by 36.8%, along with a decrease in the antitoxic function of the liver: an increase in the activity of urease 2.2 times. Chronic cholestasis in rats caused the development of inflammation in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract: an increase in elastase activity by 28.4–41.1%, acid phosphatase activity by 19.3–45.6%, and malondialdehyde content by 55.7–127.0%. Daily prophylactic use of a complex of Lequin and Mineral drugs in conditions of chronic cholestasis in rats prevented the destruction of hepatocytes, the development of cholestatic phenomena, improved the antitoxic function of the liver, effectively prevented inflammatory processes, and the activation of lipid peroxida","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135023055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH ON VARIOUS MODELS OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COMPONENTS OF A COMPLEX EFFECT (PHOTOIRRADIATION; EXOSOMES OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS AND NANOPARTICLES) FOR THE CORRECTION OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS","authors":"O. M. Klimova, К. О. Bychenko","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284691","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The search for new optimal methods for the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes is underway due to the growing antibiotic resistance. Physical, biological and chemical factors are used to correct the inflammatory process. Various sources of photoinfluence are widely used as physical factors. But the therapeutic effects of phototherapy are controversial, and the mechanisms of influence of different wavelengths on the immune response have not been studied. Another means for correcting metabolic disorders and stimulating regenerative processes is the successful use of stem cells of various origins, but local protocols forthe treatment of inflammatory processes using stem cells have not been developed. Various nanoparticles are used for the treatment of inflammatory processes, stimulation of microcirculation and regeneration, and as an antioxidant. But there is conflicting information about the biological effects of these factors. And the use of all these factors is accompanied by a constant discussion about the possible mechanisms of their influence on the dynamics of local and systemic inflammatory processes and the biological safety of nanoparticles, in which the permissible doses and optimal sizes, which do not have a high degree of cytotoxicity, have not been determined. It is relevant to study the mechanisms of changes in immunoresistance under the influence of different wavelengths of the visible light range during the main stages of the inflammatory process and to assess the potential for elucidating the potential of exosomes containing exometabolites of stem cells to stimulate the proliferative potential of immunocompetent cells of patients with chronic inflammation. In the work, experimental studies were performed on 3 models. In models of induced inflammation, immunoresistance was studied at the stages of the inflammatory process after exposure to different wavelengths (λ = 660 nm, 530 nm, 470 nm). In the work, the first stage of inflammation (infiltration) revealed the activation of innate immunity after exposure to red light (λ = 660 nm) in experimental animals with an induced inflammatory reaction. The indicators were higher than with the comparison group in animals with inflammation without photo exposure. Green light (λ = 530 nm) led to the normalization of cellular indicators and a decrease in humoral immunity in the second stage of inflammation (infiltration). Blue light (λ = 470 nm) contributed to the reduction of the studied indicators of immunity at the third stage of inflammation (proliferation). In each group of animals, after exposure to a certain wavelength, the duration of the stages of inflammation decreased relative to the comparison group (animals with induced peritonitis without exposure). In the culture of cells of patients with chronic inflammatory processes, a pronounced stimulating effect was found after the action of exosomes of stem cells on proliferative activity in comparison with the mitogen","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"30 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THIAMINE AND ITS CATABOLITES ON THE MAGNITUDE OF ELECTROPHORETIC VELOCITY AND THE ζ-POTENTIAL OF YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE","authors":"O. K. Budnyak, S. S. Chernadchuk, A. V. Sorokin, S. A. Petrov","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284681","url":null,"abstract":"Problem: Yeast cell solutions are thought to be more stable with an increase in the negative charge of their cell surface, which can be controlled by the level of ζ-potential or electrophoretic velocity. Thiamine is known as a yeast growth stimulant, but the effect of vitamin B1 and its catabolites on the state of yeast membranes has not been investigated. Aim. The purpose of the work is to determine the effect of different concentrations of thiamine, thiaminedisulfide, 4-methyl‑5-β-oxyethylthiazole and thiochrome on the value of the ζ-potential and electrophoretic velocity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods. Determination of electrophoretic velocity and ζ-potential was carried out using a microelectrophoresis unit and a microscope, the movement of yeast cells along Hemocytometer was observed. It was determined in what time (sec) the cells will pass a path equal to the side of the square in the Hemocytometer. Parameters: voltage in the circuit – 100 V, the distance between the electrodes – 2 cm, the path traveled by the yeast cells – 0.02 cm (control test). In the test samples, thiamine and its catabolites were added to the yeast suspension 15 minutes before the measurements in final concentrations of 1, 5, 10 μmol. The main results: Incubation of yeast with thiamine, which was added to the medium at concentrations of 5 and 10 μmol, increased the ζ-potential and electrophoretic velocity, respectively, by 2.75 and 1.84 times compared with the control. Thiaminedisulfide at a concentration of 10 μmol increased the studied indicators by 2.61 times, and thiochrome at a concentration of 1 μmol – by 4.26 times compared with the control. The introduction of 4-methyl‑5-β-oxyethylthiazole into the mediumat a concentration of 1 and 5 μmol also caused an increase by 1.43 and 1.24 times, respectively, compared with the control. Conclusions. Thiamine and its metabolites increased electrophoretic velocity and ζ-potential of yeast cells. Thiaminedisulfide and thiamine increased the level of the studied indicators at concentrations, respectively 10 μmol, and 5 and 10 μmol due to enhancement of oxidation processes in yeast cells, while thiochrome and 4-methyl‑5β-oxyethylthiazole acted at concentrations, 1 μmol, 1 and 5 μmol, respectively, apparently, due to the interaction with the hydrophobic pockets of proteins.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135023056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOVEMENT ACTIVITY OF ROUND GOBY (NEOGOBIUS MELANOSTOMUS PALLAS, 1814) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GEOMAGNETIC FIELDS","authors":"Y. V. Karavansky, V. V. Zamorov, M. A. Shvandt","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284686","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Behavioral traits of fish are an important manifestation of their response to external stimuli. Locomotor activity reflects the influence of specific factors on fish behavior and the role they play in their lives. Among the least studied factors are fluctuations in the geomagnetic field and their impact on the locomotor activity of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1814. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fluctuations in the geomagnetic field on the locomotor activity of the commercially important speciesof benthic ichthyofauna, the round goby Neogobius melanostomus Pallas, 1814, in the Black Sea. Methods. The ichthyological material was collected in the coastal waters of the Odesa Bay, ranging from Cape Northern Odesa to Cape Velikyi Fontan, during a scientific research survey conducted by the I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University (ONU). Laboratory investigations were conducted in the aquarium room of the Aquatic Biology and General Ecology Department of the I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University. Hourly changes in fish locomotor activity were recorded and analyzed as a result of the study. During the specified observation period, periods of increased geomagnetic activity were identified and compared to periods when this activity was within normal range. An original methodology called “Computer Vision Method” was employed for processing the visual data and tracking of the laboratory animals. Results. The maximum values of geomagnetic activity during the observation period, classified as a first intensity magnetic storm of class G1, were observed on February 3, 2022, from 6 to 12 hours, and on February 4 and 10, 2022, from 15 to 21 hours. When comparing the levels of fish locomotor activity during these time intervals with their activity during the time intervals on days with minimal geomagnetic activity (February 8, 9, and 15, 2022), a decrease in locomotor activity of individuals during magnetic storms of 27% to 42% can be observed. Conclusion. The fluctuations in locomotor activity of the round goby during increased geomagnetic activity up to the level of magnetic storms indicate the ability of this species to perceive magnetic fields and respond to changes in its properties. Specifically, when the Kp-index values corresponded to a first intensity geomagnetic storm (G1), a decrease in fish locomotor activity was observed compared to the activity during the same time intervals on days with minimal geomagnetic activity.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135023057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS","authors":"Yu. M. Shtrebleva, O. R. Omelchenko, O. L. Sichniak","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284685","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The widespread use of surfactants in economic activity and life has led to global pollution. The negative impact of surfactants on various characteristics of living organisms has been revealed, which makes a research on the safety of surfactants extremely relevant. Aim. The aim of this work was to study the genotoxic potential of anionic and cationic surfactants. Methods. The influence of anionic (sodium stearate and alkylbenzenesulpho-acid) and cationic (Praepagen TQ) surfactants on the value of the mitotic index, as well as on the regularity of mitosis and meiosis of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Odesa fantasy by standard cytogenetic methods. Main results. Under the action of surfactants in the root meristem of sprouts, the mitotic index significantly decreased and the number of cells containing chromosomal aberrations increased. Among the abnormalities at the ana-telophase stage, cells with lagging chromosomes, fragments, the formation of chromosomal bridges, and complex disorders were observed. These changes were directly proportional to the concentration of the drugs. The action of the cationic drug was less harmful than the action of both anionic drugs. Treatment of plants with surfactants led to a highly reliable increase in the proportion of abnormal MCPs in both the first and second division of meiosis, directly proportional to the concentration of surfactants applied. No differences were found between the first and second meiotic divisions in terms of the frequency of formation of defective MCPs. Both anionic surfactants had a stronger effect than the cationic one; with the use of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, the degree of violations in microsporocytes was the greatest. Conclusions. A significant decrease in the mitotic index and an increase in the proportion of cells containing chromosomal aberrations in the root meristem of sprouts, as well as a significant increase in the proportion of abnormal MCPs in both the first and second division of meiosis, were found to be directly proportional to the concentration of surfactant. According to all the parameters studied, the action of the cationic drug “Praepagen TQ” was milder than the action of both anionic surfactants.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS OF RATS IN THE BARNES' LABYRINTH AGAINST ALUMINUM CHLORIDE INTOXICATION","authors":"N. A. Kirilenko, M. Y. Tyniana, T. V. Hladkii","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284692","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Accumulation of aluminum in brain tissues has a negative effect on the nervous system, which can subsequently lead to memory impairment, emotional instability, decreased motor activity, and therefore to various neurodegenerativediseases. The aim of the work was to evaluate the peculiarities of behavioral reactions in rats against the background of aluminum chloride intoxication and their correction by means of preventive measures. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 32 male white rats weighing from 239 to 268 g, which were divided into four groups: group 1 – intact animals (n = 8); group 2 – injection of 0.5 ml of 12% AlCl3 ×6H2O solution (80 mg Al/kg) (n = 8); group 3 – introduction of a preventive complex against the background of aluminum chloride intoxication: «Lequin» (NPA «Odeska Biotechnology», Ukraine) at a dose of 500 mg/kg, «Gotu Cola» («Nature’s Answer», USA) at a dose of 300 mg/kg and «Sklerosin» (TOV «ECOSVIT OIL», Ukraine) at a dose of 300 mg/kg (n = 8); group 4 – administration of Minerol (NVMP «GOBOR», Ukraine) at a dose of 1000 mg/kg of body weight (n = 8). On the 60th day of aluminum intoxication, the peculiarities of the behavioral reactions of rats of all groups were studied in the Barnes maze using extraneous stimuli (bright light and loud sound). Results and conclusions. A study of the nature of the behavior of rats in the Barnesmaze showed that when performing the task (searching for the «rescue» hole), the animals of each group made mistakes. The highest average number of errors (10) was observed in animals with aluminum intoxication on the 9th day of the experiment (р ≤0.05, Uemp=15.5) compared to control. The average number of errors in this period decreased to 5 and 7, respectively, compared to the previous group, in animals that received the preventive complex and «Minerol» against the background of intoxication. The time to pass the maze (completed task) by rats of the control group compared to the others was the smallest during the entire experiment and from the 5th to the 12th day of the study it further decreased from 48 to 36 s, respectively, and in animals with aluminum intoxication it was the largest. The use of both the preventive complex and «Minerol» reduced the time of passing the maze until the end of the experiment, but these indicators did not reach the values of the control group. Males of the control group chose a direct search strategy in 65-75% of cases. For animals with aluminum intoxication, refusal to perform the task is characteristic both at the beginning of the study and at the end.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC-PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF A BOTANIST, SCIENCE HISTORIAN, AND PEDAGOGUE, PROFESSOR DMYTRO OLEKSANDROVYCH BAIKOV (1818-1884)","authors":"V. O. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18524/2077-1746.2023.1(52).284694","url":null,"abstract":"Problem. Professor of Zoology and Botany D. O. Baikov worked at several educational institutions in Odesa: Odesa (Novorossiysk) University (1865-1866), Richelieu Lyceum (1850-1865), Odesa Institute of Noble Maidens (1854-1868), Gymnasium of Richelieu Lyceum (1850-1854), 2nd Municipal Girls' School (1854-1868). His life and activities have been covered in many biographical articles, but the information provided is either inaccurate or conflicting. As an example, none of the authors provide the dates and places of his birth, death or burial. Objective. The aim of our study was to clarify the basic biographical data and the results of the scientific-pedagogical activity of Professor D. O. Baikov. Main results. Based on the study of archival and official printed documents of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the main dates of the life and activity of Professor Dmytro Oleksandrovych Baikov, who headed the Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy of Odesa (Novorossiysk) University, were established. His role in the development and formation of higher and women's education in Odesa in the second half of the 19th century is shown. Conclusions. For the first time, the main dates of the life and scientific-pedagogical activity of Professor D. O. Baikov were documented – 25(13).10.1818 – 22(10).09.1884; for the first time, 12 units of storage of three state archives and 9 printed documents that were previously unknown to the scientist's biographers and specialists in the field of biography were introduced into scientific circulation; arguments were provided for reconsidering some conclusions regarding the activities of Professor D. O. Baikov in educational institutions of various types.","PeriodicalId":491501,"journal":{"name":"Вісник Одеського національного університету","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135022801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}