Экономическая история最新文献

{"title":"THE REVIEW ON THE MONOGRAPH: The Heads of the Apparatus of the Mining Authorities of the Urals in the 20s – 50s 18th Century: Biographic Reference Book. Saint Petersburg, 2022, 446 p.","authors":"","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.290-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.290-294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexander Nikiforovich Skrebitsky: Strokes to the Portrait of a Simbirsk Land Entrepreneur","authors":"Viktor M. Arsentiev","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.246-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.246-255","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the life path and entrepreneurial activity of the large Simbirsk landowner Alexander Nikiforovich Skrebitsky, which absorbed all the contradictions of the feudal-serf era, in many ways becoming its personification. The economic system of Russia in the 19th century, despite the continued dominance of traditionalism in its feudal guise, underwent quite significant changes. They occurred in a number of directions, one of which was the commercialization of landowner farms, their transformation into “economies”. But if in the second half of the 19th century for landowners the movement in this direction was essentially a matter of “survival” essentially the only possible scenario for maintaining their economic viability, then in the first half of the 19th century it was more of an innovation. Results. The history of the business success of Russian landowners, who managed to overcome the inertial effect of the class environment and go beyond the feudal-serf restrictions, deserves close attention. Each of them followed their own path to success, using their existing competitive advantages to realize their entrepreneurial aspirations. A. N. Skrebitsky belonged to the most progressively minded part of the landowner-entrepreneurs in the first half of the 19th century. In their desire to create productive “economies” of a commercial nature within their estates, they formed a fairly stable economic trend that involved more and more enterprising landowners. By striving to commercialize their farms, give them a diversified focus, and carry out technical and technological modernization of their industrial complex they thereby reconfigured the existing system. Discussion and Conclusion. Life path of A. N. Skrebitsky is quite typical for a Russian nobleman. The first stage of his life was entirely devoted to military service. In addition to career success, by the early 1830s he was able to significantly improve his financial situation, which in the context of his further activities can be regarded as the initial accumulation of capital. Having become a landowner-entrepreneur, he quite successfully realized himself in this field, not only preserving, but also increasing the potential of his Simbirsk factories.","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Payment for Occasional Religious Rites in the Income Structure of the Orthodox Clergy in the Late 19th – Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of the Mordovian Region)","authors":"Tаtiana V. Shitova, Sergey V. Pershin","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.267-274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.267-274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. One of the main functions of the parish clergy in the late 19th – early 20th century was to perform church rites and “sacraments” at the request of parishioners. The payment for the correction was perceived by a certain part of the parishioners as additional levies and served as a reason for the growth of social tension. The article attempts to update the study of this source of funding for the clergy and clergy in the context of socio-economic development of the region. Materials and Methods. The research is based on general scientific and special historical methods (comparative historical, problem-chronological, systemic and structural). Results. The main difficulties in conducting the study are related to the fact that, for ethical reasons, the ROC did not introduce a tariff for demand correction and the diocesan authorities did not control this part of the income of the clergy. In this regard, complete and objective data on the income of clerics from the demand for correction are found in the documents of spiritual consistories quite rarely. Clerics and parishioners privately negotiated prices for occasional religious rites. In the parishes of neighboring counties, approximately similar prices were set for occasional religious rites. According to available information, the established norms were often advisory in nature. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the source base allowed us to identify some features of the church documentation related to the desire of the clergy not to show the real size of their income. These include the careless maintenance and destruction of notebooks in which the money received for the occasional religious rites was recorded, the fixation of the income of the clergy directly by the clergy (or their spouses), who received the bulk of the funds collected from the population. In parishes with vacant places, the priests were afraid of withdrawing part of the money in favor of diocesan guardianship.","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE REVIEW ON THE MONOGRAPH: Maidachevsky D. Ya. “...I Consider You the Only Historian in Irkutsk”: V. N. Sherstoboev and “Battles for History” of non-local significance, the second half of the 1940s – 1950s: historiograph essays / D. Ya. Maidachevsky; Baikal State University. Irkutsk, 2022, 255 p. ISBN 978-5-7253-3090-8","authors":"","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.283-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.283-289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Beginning of the Solution of the Agrarian Question “from below” in the Spring of 1917 on the Example of Krasnoslobodsky Uyezd of Penza Province","authors":"Sergey V. Kistanov","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.256-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.256-266","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the beginning of the peasants’ struggle for land in the conditions after the February revolution of 1917. Materials and Methods. The research uses materials from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia. In the work on this study, a problem-chronological method was used, as well as a micro-historical approach to consider all-Russian events at the county level. Results. The main content of the study is the beginning of the unfolding of the struggle of peasants with landlords for land. The peasantry, constrained by small land, by appealing to the authorities through writing sentences, seeks to pay attention to this and resolve the land issue in their favor. No less important problems of Krasnoslobodsk peasants were the lack of meadows for feeding and walking livestock, as well as numerous penalties imposed on them by landlords. These legal forms of struggle for the possession of land go in parallel with the pogroms of landlords’ estates and the removal of property and fodder from them. It is also worth noting the growing tension between local peasants and tenants from other settlements, to whom landlords leased their arable land and meadows. Discussion and Conclusion. The study confirmed that the local peasantry is an active participant in solving the agrarian issue “from below”, and its opponents in the form of various kinds of landowners are beginning to give up their positions. At the same time, the parties are trying to appeal to the local authorities, who, basically, are trying to take the position of an outside observer, without seriously interfering in the unfolding agrarian struggle.","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Optics under Conditions of Early Industrial Modernization in the Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries","authors":"Anatoly V. Sludnyh","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.217-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.217-228","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The relevance of the topic is related to the importance of studying the history of one of the promising branches of industry and science – optics. The study was carried out in the context of early industrial modernization in Russia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, which can be compared with the modern period of modernization in a post-industrial society. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the theory of modernization, within which optics is studied from the point of view of the development of the economy, technology and the socio-cultural sphere of the industry. Results. The history of optics confirms the presence of features of early industrial modernization in Russia: the high speed of the industrial revolution; the key role of the state; dependence on imported technologies. The bourgeoisie has become an important factor in the development of the optics industry. Its economic, socio-cultural activities, business practices played an important role in the formation of a new industry. One of the characteristic features of the formation of a science-intensive industry was the close connection between science and production. Discussion and Conclusions. Despite the successes achieved by optics before the revolution, it was not possible to create mass industrial optical production in Russia. But the technological, industrial, scientific and socio-cultural prerequisites for the development of optical production, science and education were laid. Most of the pre-revolutionary optical industries served as the basis for Soviet optical and mechanical enterprises.","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation of Industrial Enterprises in the Activities to Preserve Industrial Heritage Monuments in the Sverdlovsk Region in the 1970–1980s","authors":"Elizaveta S. Lakhtionova","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.229-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.229-245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The Sverdlovsk region has historically always been distinguished by the presence of a large number of industrial enterprises on its territory, as well as monuments that can be attributed to the industrial heritage. The preservation of these monuments is a task not only of the state, but also of a local scale, dictating the need to attract the capabilities and resources of industrial enterprises to this. The purpose of the article is to analyze the degree of participation of industrial enterprises, on the territory of which the monuments were located, in the activities for their preservation and museumification. The chronological framework is the 1970s – 1980s, when the need to intensify monument protection activities began to be realized at the state level, which was reflected in the legal documents. Materials and Methods. The study was based on unpublished archival materials stored in the Documentation Center of the Sverdlovsk Region. As well as published sources: legal acts, office documentation, periodicals. As part of the research, the author applied general scientific and special-historical methods. Results and Discussion. The responsibility of industrial enterprises regarding industrial heritage monuments began to be fixed in the legal documents of all-Union and regional significance, starting from the 1970s. This was due to the intensification of state control over the protection of monuments in general. Gradually, the financial obligation of enterprises to ensure the preservation and carry out work on the museumification of monuments located on their territory is also prescribed. In the Sverdlovsk region, two industrial enterprises took an active part in this activity: the Nevyansk Mechanical Plant and the Seversky Pipe Plant. Conclusion. By the beginning of the 1990s on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region there were 34 monuments that can be attributed to the industrial heritage. 20 of them were on the balance sheet and under the responsibility of industrial enterprises, which was reflected in the legal documents only in the second half of the 1980s. In the 1970s – 1980s two objects underwent restoration and museumification – the Nevyansk leaning tower and the Severskaya blast furnace. An important role in this was played by the vigorous activity of the factories on the territory of which they were located. However, there were also mistakes made by the management of one of the factories, which led to the partial destruction of one of the monuments.","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135082827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Aspects of Education Development in the Region During the First Five-Year Plan (on the Example of the Votsk Autonomous Region)","authors":"Maxim A. Korolev, Irina V. Rubanova","doi":"10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.275-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.062.019.202303.275-282","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The subject of the study is the issue of financing education during the first five-year plan. The practical needs of the Votsk Autonomous Region predetermined the specifics of financing and an integrated approach to solving the problems of literacy elimination, implementation of preschool, primary, seven-year and vocational education, as well as the maintenance and building of educational institutions. Materials and Methods. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of the regional and city archives. The article used a combination of general scientific and special historical methods. Results. During the implementation of the first five-year plan, funds from the local budget were allocated for the development of primary education, which also practically provided for the maintenance and construction of educational institutions, the supply of educational and economic needs, and the payment of wages. Expenses for advanced education and institutions for the elimination of illiteracy were mainly planned at the expense of the state budget. Discussion and Conclusion. The shortage of educational institutions created difficulties in solving the tasks of raising the cultural level of the population, training industrial personnel. The financial deficit of the local budget was covered by state budget, primarily in the field of vocational education, which made it possible to more effectively solve the issues of construction and maintenance of educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":485442,"journal":{"name":"Экономическая история","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}