Forensic anthropology最新文献

Using Stable Nitrogen Isotope Ratios from Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue for Postmortem Interval (PMI) Estimation (Part 1) 利用人体骨骼肌组织的稳定氮同位素比值估算死后时间间隔（第 1 部分

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0001

Melanie Beasley, Julie Lesnik, Hayden S. McKee-Zech, Anielle Duncan

{"title":"Using Stable Nitrogen Isotope Ratios from Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue for Postmortem Interval (PMI) Estimation (Part 1)","authors":"Melanie Beasley, Julie Lesnik, Hayden S. McKee-Zech, Anielle Duncan","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Human skeletal muscle tissue was analyzed for stable nitrogen isotope analysis (δ15N) to test the applicability of changes in values (Δ15N) through the putrefaction process for postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Seasonal differences in Δ15N values of decom-posing skeletal muscle tissue were analyzed from 20 human donors at the University of Tennessee Anthropology Research Facility. This study revealed that change in the δ15N ratios of decomposing muscle tissue has potential as a novel method for PMI estimation. In winter months, when identifiable muscle tissue can be retained on a body for months, the data indicate that there is a systematic increase in Δ15N values with increasing temperatures when putrefaction progresses faster with values shifting as much as 3.0‰. This initial study indicates there is value in further method development of this quantitative approach to PMI estimation for recently deceased individuals, but further work is needed. While the analysis only requires a small amount of tissue, has a user- friendly collection and analysis protocol, and is less subjective than visual methods, there is still significant research to be done prior to widespread applications as a PMI estimation method. Understanding variability in δ15N across decomposing muscle tissue groups, individual variation (i.e., muscle mass, disease, body chem-istry), and an accurate approximation for a perimortem δ15N value necessary to calculate Δ15N all need to be further researched prior to generation of a reliable regression formula and error rates.","PeriodicalId":479469,"journal":{"name":"Forensic anthropology","volume":"153 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Craniometric Relationships of Migrant Victims of the April 18, 2015 Shipwreck Off the Coast of Libya 2015 年 4 月 18 日利比亚沿海沉船事故遇难移民的颅骨测量关系

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0035

R. L. Jantz, A. Palamenghi, B. Bertoglio, L. Manthey, D. Mazzarelli, C. Cattaneo

{"title":"Craniometric Relationships of Migrant Victims of the April 18, 2015 Shipwreck Off the Coast of Libya","authors":"R. L. Jantz, A. Palamenghi, B. Bertoglio, L. Manthey, D. Mazzarelli, C. Cattaneo","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0035","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most tragic events involving African migrants’ attempts to get to Europe was the 2015 shipwreck off the coast of Libya. More than 300 crania were recovered and are currently in the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology, Milan, Italy, where attempts are being made to identify them. This paper analyzes the cranial morphometrics in relation to what is known of African cranial variation. It also addresses questions of population subdivision on the ship as well as secular changes that may be reflected in cranial morphology.Crania were digitized using the 3skull software, which also computes Howells measurements from the coordinates. Migrant crania were compared to African reference samples consisting of both 19th-century sub-Saharan West Africans and East Africans. Statistical procedures were discriminant and canonical variate analysis and Mahalanobis distances. K-means unsupervised clustering was also used.Results showed that the migrant samples differed from the 19th-century samples systemically; the differences consisted mainly of lower facial projections and higher cranial vaults and bases. Position on the ship, whether on the deck or below in the holds, showed subdivision. Holds had a higher proportion of West Africans, and the deck had a higher proportion of East Africans. K-means clustering also found groups contrasting between the deck and the holds. Comparing migrant cranial morphology to 19th-century Africans using variables that respond to secular change showed that migrants reflect changes that have occurred in Africa over the past 200 years.We conclude that morphometric analysis can provide useful information concerning the composition of unidentified victims of tragic events such as the 2015 shipwreck.","PeriodicalId":479469,"journal":{"name":"Forensic anthropology","volume":"182 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Household Corrosive Substances on the Dissolution of Complete Pig (Sus scrofa) Carcasses 家用腐蚀性物质对完整猪（Sus scrofa）尸体溶解的影响

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0039

Sierra Fey, Tara Moore, Gary Reinecke, James Pokines

引用次数: 0

Review of: Mineralogical Analysis Applied to Forensics 回顾：应用于法医学的矿物学分析

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0038

Daniel Johnson

引用次数: 0

MaMD Analytical 1.0 MaMD Analytical 1.0

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0029

Joseph T. Hefner, Stephen Ousley, Ron Richardson

{"title":"MaMD Analytical 1.0","authors":"Joseph T. Hefner, Stephen Ousley, Ron Richardson","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"We outline the functionalities and application of MaMD Analytical—a new, freely available software package for the estimation of population affinity using human cranial macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits. MaMD Analytical captures MMS scores using line drawings following the procedures outlined by Hefner and Linde (2018). MaMD Analytical generates classifications (with estimated likelihoods) into forensically significant populations using an artificial neural network and reference samples drawn from the Macromorphoscopic Databank (MaMD). Summary data (sensitivity, specificity, x-validated classification accuracies) are provided. In this article, we apply MaMD Analytical to a large sample of identified individuals not used in the original model building to assess utility and demonstrate the typical outputs for MaMD Analytical. MaMD Analytical facilitates construction of the biological profile and provides a number of safeguards in summary statistics as a valuable addition to the forensic anthropological analysis toolkit. MaMD Analytical is written in the open-source R environment integrating a previously developed artificial neural network model to estimate population affinity using well-documented and validated approaches.","PeriodicalId":479469,"journal":{"name":"Forensic anthropology","volume":"53 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Origins of Forensic Anthropology in the United States 美国法医人类学的起源

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0011

Nicholas Passalacqua, Iris Clever

引用次数: 0

Precocious Natural Mummification in Hanging 吊死的早熟自然木乃伊

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0015

Deren Çeker, Hugh Tuller, Idris Deniz

引用次数: 0

Book Review: Mildred Trotter and the Invisible Histories of Physical and Forensic Anthropology 书评:《米尔德里德·特罗特与体质人类学和法医人类学的无形历史》

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0009

Jade S. De La Paz

引用次数: 0

Effects of maceration on light stable isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) values of pig (Sus scrofa) rib bone carbonate 浸渍对猪胸骨碳酸盐轻稳定同位素(δ13C、δ18O)的影响

Forensic anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0006

Ligia Ceja, Angela Soler, Richard Mortlock, Rhonda Quinn

{"title":"Effects of maceration on light stable isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) values of pig (Sus scrofa) rib bone carbonate","authors":"Ligia Ceja, Angela Soler, Richard Mortlock, Rhonda Quinn","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Geoprofiling isotopic analyses provide investigative leads for unidentified human remains cases by determining possible regions of origin or excluding unlikely residences during life, which in turn can reduce the number of missing persons an investigator mustconsider. However, maceration methods involving heat, bleach, baking soda, and detergents have much potential to significantly change biogenic isotopic values in the structural carbonate phase of bone bioapatite. Here we test the impact of seven maceration methods on δ13C and δ18O values of bone carbonate (BC) of pig (Sus scrofa) ribs. Four of the seven maceration methods altered pig δ13CBC values with offsets ranging from 0.4‰ to 1.4‰; this amount of change would not severely impact human diet or geolocation interpretations. Five of the methods significantly decreased pig δ18OBC values by averages ranging between 1.0‰ and 2.6‰ likely due to the isotopic exchange between bone and heated water. As an illustrative exercise, we compared our study’s results to macerated rib δ13CBC and δ18OBC values of an identified New York City resident previously in the custody of the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (NYC OCME). We suggest that maceration methods, especially those involving heated water, can potentially contribute to erroneous geolocation estimates garnered from rib δ18OBC values of unidentified individuals.","PeriodicalId":479469,"journal":{"name":"Forensic anthropology","volume":"7 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0