International Journal of Conflict and Violence最新文献_第8页

Explaining Prejudice Toward U.S. Americans and Europeans in Egypt : Closed-mindedness and Conservatism Mediate Effects of Religious Fundamentalism 解释埃及对美国人和欧洲人的偏见:思想封闭和保守主义对宗教原教旨主义的中介作用

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-10-17 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.515

F. Sadowski, G. Bohner

{"title":"Explaining Prejudice Toward U.S. Americans and Europeans in Egypt : Closed-mindedness and Conservatism Mediate Effects of Religious Fundamentalism","authors":"F. Sadowski, G. Bohner","doi":"10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.515","url":null,"abstract":"With an Arab-Muslim sample of 160 Egyptian citizens from the greater Cairo area, we examined the role of religion in prejudice toward U.S. Americans and Europeans. When religious fundamentalism was tested concurrently with general religiousness, results showed that only religious fundamentalism significantly predicted both prejudices. In a second step we included closed-mindedness (CM), a facet of need for cognitive closure, and conservatism (RCON), a facet of right-wing authoritarianism, to explain the religion – prejudice link. Instead of using the two variables as parallel mediators, we assumed that CM is a predictor of RCON. Hence, in a first model we applied CM and RCON as serial mediators of the religious fundamentalism – prejudice relation. In a second model, an alternative approach was introduced where fundamentalism was predicted by CM and RCON; prejudice remained the outcome variable. Results showed that RCON had stronger effects in comparison to CM across all models and that religious fundamentalism was marginal or not significant when CM and RCON served as preceding variables in the second model suggesting that they may be more decisive than religious fundamentalism in the development of prejudice. Participants distinguished between U.S. Americans and Europeans with U.S. Americans being the more relevant outgroup in the religious context.","PeriodicalId":45781,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict and Violence","volume":"10 1","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70885165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Introduction: Extremely Violent Societies 简介:极端暴力的社会

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-10-17 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.601

S. Karstedt

引用次数: 1

Cascades Across An ‘Extremely Violent Society’: Sri Lanka 跨越“极端暴力社会”的瀑布:斯里兰卡

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-10-17 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.436

J. Braithwaite, Bina D’Costa

引用次数: 5

A gender perspective on state support for crime victims in Switzerland 从性别角度看瑞士国家对犯罪受害者的支持

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-10-17 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.509

Annemarie Kersten, M. Budowski

{"title":"A gender perspective on state support for crime victims in Switzerland","authors":"Annemarie Kersten, M. Budowski","doi":"10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.509","url":null,"abstract":"Violence causes physical and mental harm to others, and victims must find ways of coping with their injuries. Since the middle of the 20th century, the effects of violence and crime on the victim have become an increasingly important topic in politics and society. Many countries in the industrialised world have enacted programmes and laws designed to uphold the needs and rights of victims. Such steps were taken, e.g., in New Zealand in 1963, in the UK in 1964 and in Germany in 1976. The Swiss Victims of Crime Act (VCA) has been in place since 1993. It guarantees free legal, medical, psychological and social counselling, as well as some financial compensation for victims of violent crime. Comparatively, it is presently one of the most encompassing laws applied with regards to victim support legislation. It stipulates that victims of violence are to be offered quick and efficient support in specialised, state-subsidised counselling centres. This paper applies a gender perspective to the field of criminology and victim support to unpack the paradox, that according to the statistics men experience violence acts more often than women, yet receive support less often through Swiss victim support counselling centres.","PeriodicalId":45781,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict and Violence","volume":"10 1","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70885012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Protecting the "Most Vulnerable"? The Management of a Disaster and the Making/Unmaking of Victims after the 2008 Xenophobic Violence in South Africa 保护“最弱势群体”?2008年南非仇外暴力事件后的灾难管理和受害者的形成/消除

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-04-04 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.482

L. Cabane

{"title":"Protecting the \"Most Vulnerable\"? The Management of a Disaster and the Making/Unmaking of Victims after the 2008 Xenophobic Violence in South Africa","authors":"L. Cabane","doi":"10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.482","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, South Africa witnessed a bout of xenophobic violence, requiring the state to declare a disaster to manage a massive displacement of migrants and foreigners. How did the South African state come to care for these populations, whereas it had previously sought to avoid providing protection to foreigners, and was seen as responsible for fostering xenophobia, if not violence? Analyzing the management of the disaster at the local level (in Cape Town), and the various discourses and mobilizations involved in it, this article shows how widespread violence and displacement rendered migrant vulnerabilities visible in the urban space and forced the state to temporarily recognize and protect those who became seen as “victims.” It also questions the idea that xenophobia and failure to comply with international norms were responsible for the lack of protection of migrants and foreigners. Rather, it is the kind of protection displayed, restricted to the “most vulnerable,” that failed to address the root causes of the violence and envision broader social integration issues. The article provides further theorization on what it means to treat violence as disaster and points out to the need to envisage critically humanitarian and social assistance by including them in broader welfare patterns.","PeriodicalId":45781,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict and Violence","volume":"9 1","pages":"56-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Secret Society of Torturers: The Social Shaping of Extremely Violent Behaviour 酷刑者的秘密社会:极端暴力行为的社会塑造

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-04-04 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.405

Jürgen Mackert

引用次数: 2

Xenophobic Violence and the Manufacture of Difference in Africa: Introduction to the Focus Section 非洲的仇外暴力和制造差异:焦点部分导论

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-04-04 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.579

Laurent Fourchard, A. Segatti

{"title":"Xenophobic Violence and the Manufacture of Difference in Africa: Introduction to the Focus Section","authors":"Laurent Fourchard, A. Segatti","doi":"10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.579","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, the exploration of xenophobia, particularly of the violence xenophobia may unleash and its related effects on citizenship outside of Western Europe, has been limited. If there is a large body of research on autochthony and xenophobic practices in a number of African countries, much less is known on the outcomes of xenophobic violence and how it reshapes the making of authority, the self-definition of groups making claims to ownership over resources and the boundaries of citizenship. Analyses of collective violence in Africa have devoted much attention to conflict over land ownership, civil wars or vigilantism while quantitative studies have placed much emphasis on putative difference between labelled groups in the production of “ethnic violence”. In this issue, we understand autochthony, nativism and indigeneity as local concepts used by actors in situations of xenophobia. Xenophobia is consequently understood as the systematic construction of strangers as a threat to the local or national community justifying their exclusion and sometimes their suppression. Drawing on extensive empirical research undertaken over the past four years across three countries (Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa), this issue intends to offer renewed analysis on the understanding of xenophobic violence focusing on local and urban scales using historical and ethnographic methods. Focusing on micro-level qualitative research helps avoid reflecting a monolithic image of the “state”, “society” or “community” and underestimating internal struggles among elites in the production of violence; it also helps contesting analyses which exclusively look at violence inflicted on behalf of a group claiming to share an exclusive identity; it eventually allows to reconsider how processes of violent exclusion are contested, disputed, ignored or fought against by a number of actors.","PeriodicalId":45781,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict and Violence","volume":"9 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70885677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Validation of the Greek Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale: Examining Its Relationships with Sexist and Conservative Political Beliefs 希腊人对现代性侵犯神话的接受度(AMMSA)量表:检视其与性别歧视和保守政治信仰的关系

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-04-04 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.498

A. Hantzi, Lampridis Efthymios, Tsantila Katerina, G. Bohner

{"title":"Validation of the Greek Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) Scale: Examining Its Relationships with Sexist and Conservative Political Beliefs","authors":"A. Hantzi, Lampridis Efthymios, Tsantila Katerina, G. Bohner","doi":"10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.498","url":null,"abstract":"The Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression scale measures contemporary beliefs about sexual aggression that tend to blame victims and exonerate perpetrators. A Greek version of the thirty-item AMMSA scale was administered to two diverse convenience samples, one in Greece and one in Cyprus. Convergent and discriminant construct validity were assessed via correlations with other constructs that were hypothesized to be strongly related to AMMSA (Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance; hostile sexism) or moderately related (benevolent sexism; social dominance orientation; right-wing authoritarianism). It was found that the Greek AMMSA was unidimensional, highly internally consistent, normally distributed, and showed good construct validity. When sociodemographic data were analyzed, age, gender, and nationality turned out to be significant predictors of AMMSA, with a U-shaped trend for age, higher scores for men than women, and higher scores for Cypriots than Greeks. In sum, the Greek AMMSA scale provides a highly useful instrument for further research on sexual aggression myths, their correlates, and effects on judgment and behavior.","PeriodicalId":45781,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Conflict and Violence","volume":"9 1","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The Domestic Democratic Peace in the Middle East 中东的国内民主和平

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2016-04-04 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.430

Uriel Abulof, Ogen S. Goldman

引用次数: 3

Social Cohesion Activities and Attitude Change in Cyprus 塞浦路斯的社会凝聚力活动和态度变化

IF 1.9 4区社会学

International Journal of Conflict and Violence Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/IJCV.309

Direnç Kanol

引用次数: 1