Journal of Rural and Community Development最新文献

{"title":"Drivers of small scale farmers participation in agricultural land rental markets in Kenya","authors":"J. J. Mbudyza, O. Ayuya, P. Mshenga","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.280031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.280031","url":null,"abstract":"The study used a sample size of 386 small-scale farmers to jointly determine the drivers of small-scale farmers’ rental market participation in Kenya. The results of a bivariate probit model show that renting in participants were young, more educated and owned relatively small farms while renting out participants were relatively old, less educated and owned large pieces of land. Transaction costs, access to extension services and ownership to oxen were the main determinants of land rental market participation. To heighten land equalization, policies that enhance reinvestment in agricultural assets, access to extension services and reduce transaction cost are important.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"511-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90696224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice of Marketing Channels in the Kenyan Domestic Organic Market","authors":"L. MurimiM., K. Karantininis, Wahome R.G","doi":"10.12691/AJRD-5-6-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJRD-5-6-2","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the factors influencing organic farmers’ participation in organic or conventional and direct or indirect market channels in the domestic market. These factors may include socio-economic, marketing or institutional factors. The study involved organic farmers in the peri-urban regions of Kajiado, Kiambu and Nairobi Counties. The data was collected between March and May 2014. Methodology: A questionnaire was administered to 117 organic farmers to establish the determinants of their choice of a market channel, in Kenya’s domestic organic market. This represented a census of the entire population of both certified and uncertified organic farmers serving the Nairobi market and affiliated to the umbrella body, Kenya Organic Agriculture Network (KOAN). Semi structured questionnaires were administered to the organic producers and the main buyers. A theoretical model of marketing channel choice, under random utility maximisation was used to test the effect of price, certification cost, requirements, group membership, and region (county) among other factors on the decision to choose a marketing channel. 56 per cent of the farmers sold through the available organic outlets. The other farmers (44 per cent) reported sales to the local conventional channels. 67.7 per cent sold directly to consumers either at the organic farmers markets or the conventional markets Different forms of transaction costs were observed to negatively impact on sales to the organic channels. Different approaches such as certification and information access may be employed to reduce transaction costs in the organic sector and encourage sales through indirect and organic channels. However, group formation alone may not enhance marketing of organic products hence more research is needed into group characteristics for effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82570052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND OPTIMAL HARVESTING DECISION CONSIDERING SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (SPB) DISTURBANCE: A REAL OPTION APPROACH","authors":"Hyunjin An","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.266395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.266395","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the forest management decision making of loblolly pine forest in the southern U.S. using the real option approach. The study incorporates three uncertainties that forest owners have faced including timber price volatility, forest carbon sequestration, and impacts of insect outbreaks into the real option model to investigate the relationship between such uncertainties and forest bare land value and tree rotation age. The results show that forest owners can face a mixed outcome of these uncertainties when they make forest management decisions, and the real option approach helps the forest managers consider future consequence through allowing the flexible harvest decision. Generally, a higher bare land value is generated if a flexible harvest decision making (real option) is allowed compared to a fixed harvest. The standing tree sequestrates CO2, and the forest’s role of carbon sequestration could generate extra value in the forest while insect outbreaks reduce the bare land value. The increasing social cost of carbon tends to call for increasing the bare land value of forest tree rotation age. Therefore, as climate change becomes more looming due to CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, the value of standing forests would increase due to enhancing opportunity cost of carbon sequestration in forests. Continuous efforts of pest management for forests are necessary since a higher insect risk tends to reduce the bare land value of forests. Also, employing marketable climate policy such as emissions trading is necessary to create a market carbon price and offset extra cost to keep the forest.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77722396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE AT U.S. RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES: THE ROLE AND MISSION OF LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITIES","authors":"Y. Lee, G. Graff","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.266401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.266401","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes food and agriculturally-related knowledge production and transfer for 114 top-tier U.S. research universities from 1993 to 2015, to understand the role of the Land-Grant universities in promoting commercial innovation and regional economic development in this sector. We utilize two empirical methods: (1) a panel analysis of the knowledge production function (KPF) for research productivity and (2) an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the role of the Land-Grant universities in such knowledge production. Output of research publications exhibits decreasing returns to scale for all sub-fields, but cost advantages and mean research (gestation) lags vary by sub-field. The mean number of research publications by the Land-Grant universities is much higher than non Land-Grant universities, especially in the Central region of the U.S. These results demonstrate how specialization by Land-Grant universities in agricultural R&D contributes to commercial innovation within a diffuse yet regionalized industry. Moreover, the main context and results of this paper would suggest some important implications to the study of the system of food and agricultural R&D and commercial innovations in Korea.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"47 10","pages":"63-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72630991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Literacy Status between Eag and Non-Eag States of India with Special Reference to Eag States (2001-2011)","authors":"Selim Reja, S. Shabnam","doi":"10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I4/120622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25175/JRD/2017/V36/I4/120622","url":null,"abstract":"Literacy is considered as one of the key foundation stones for any development process in the society. It increases the capabilities of individuals, families and communities to access health, educational, political, economic and cultural opportunities and services. This study deals with the literacy status of Empowered Action Group (EAG) States of India. It highlights the gender disparity in literacy, rural-urban differential in literacy and literacy differential among the various social groups in EAG as well as Non-EAG States. It also examines the district level literacy variations especially in EAG States. The study uses the Census data of 2001 and 2011 to fulfil the objectives. It finds that though the disparity in literacy rates between EAG and Non-EAG States is still substantial, between 2001 and 2011 the growth of literacy rate,especiallyin rural areas, is found to be much higher in EAG States than Non-EAG States. More importantly, between 2001 and 2011, gender disparity in literacy rate has decreased in both EAG and Non-EAG States.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"477-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75612730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Risk Management into Business Process Models for Small-scale Shrimp Industry in East Java, Indonesia","authors":"R. A. Lestariadi, M. Yamao","doi":"10.12691/ajrd-5-6-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajrd-5-6-1","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity and dynamism in shrimp industry have increase uncertainties and subjectivities in the risk analysis process. Identifying the business process in shrimp farming, and the sources risk that may arise in each process is the critical factor in maintaining the sustainability of shrimp industry. This study presents a risk analysis based on the business process modeling, which is a useful tool to identify the sources of risk and management strategies along the shrimp business process. The results revealed that there are three primary business processes in small-scale shrimp farming, consist of pond preparation and inputs for production, production, and harvesting and marketing. From the total of 32 sources of risk identified, the process of production accounted for 20 risk sources. This fact represents that the shrimp farmers more concerns on preventive actions to avoid unexpected event occur during process of production stage compare with other stages. Regarding management strategies, the results showed that the shrimp farmers develop a wide variety of and conversely, a risk management strategy can apply to mitigate diverse types of risk source along the business process of shrimp production.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"39 1","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty Status of Climate Smart Agricultural Farmers in North West Nigeria.-Application of Foster Greer and Thorbecke Model","authors":"D. Ekpa, O. Oladele, M. Akinyemi","doi":"10.12691/AJRD-5-5-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJRD-5-5-3","url":null,"abstract":"This research established a link that exists between climate smart agricultural practices and poverty in North-West geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study was motivated by the increasing consequence of climate change and its impact on poverty status among farmers in the study area. Farming households changing agricultural practices as a result of global observation of climatic and environmental changes. It was based on this that the study examines the impact of climate smart agricultural practices on poverty status among farmers in North West Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling techniques was used to select two hundred and ninety four (294) farming households in the study area who provide the relevant primary data information for the study through a set of pre-tested structured questionnaires. The objective was to decompose poverty status for high-users and low-users of climate smart agricultural techniques in the study area. Foster Greer and Thorberk model, Watt’s index, Sen, Shorrocks and Thon index were used to ascertain the objective. Poverty head count according to the FGT index for the total population is 35.89% for absolute poverty and 9.12% for relative poverty. This means that the average climate smart agriculture farmers had about 36% deprivation of basic human needs such as food, safe drinking water, health, shelter, education and information. On the other hand, for the absolute poverty of 9%. It means the average climate smart agricultural farmers had 9% deprivation to maintain the average standard of living. It connotes that the average climate smart agricultural farmers had 33% deprivation of food and 13% deprivation of average standard of living. Analysis of health poverty reveals that the absolute poverty is 42.38% and relative poverty 27.64%. It implies that the average climate smart agricultural farmers were deprived of health by 42% and by average standard of living by 28%. Further, analysis on education poverty reveals the absolute poverty and relative poverty value of 47.10% and 28.26%. This signifies that about 47% of the climate smart agricultural farmers were deprived of basic education and about 28% of climate smart agriculture farmers were deprived of average standard of living. The study concludes that poverty is evident in the study area. It therefore reccommends that Government, Non-Governmental Organizations and farmer associations should create a conducive knowledge exchang enviroment to encourage the low-users of climate smart agriculture to improve on their performance. Spouses especially should develop interest in climate smart agricultural farming. women empowerment programme can be embarked upoun by government and private individual. Policy on formal education should be enriched and developed in the curriculm to meet the climate smart agricultural challenges.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73397035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Analysis of Resource Used Efficiency for Cocoa Production in Cameroon: The Case Study of Lekie Division","authors":"Tabi Gilbert Nicodeme, Suqun, M. Bosambe","doi":"10.12691/AJRD-5-5-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJRD-5-5-2","url":null,"abstract":"The general objective of this study is to present an economic analysis of the resources efficiently used for cocoa production in the Lekie division of Cameroon. Data were collected in around forty cocoa farms which were selected randomly across five towns (Obala, Monatele, Evodoula, Ebebda and Okola) of the division “Lekie”, Center Region of Cameroon. The data were analyzed using descriptive and regression techniques through stochastic production functions. The average cocoa production recorded in this study area was 643.275kg/ha. Our results showed the technical efficiency ranges from 10% to 100%, with an average efficiency of 43.7%. This implies that on average 56.3% more output would have been produced with the same level of inputs, if farmers were following best practices. The results observed that the size of the farmers’ household, marital status, access to bank credit, area of arable land and farmer’s membership in a cooperative are the main socioeconomic determinants of efficiency across farms in the division of Lekie. Technical training of farmers, extension service and rotation of cultivated land are the important measures that can be taken for increasing cocoa production in this part of Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"62 1","pages":"123-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81355517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of UMEED (NRLM) on Rural SHG Women","authors":"J. A. Mir","doi":"10.12691/ajrd-5-5-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajrd-5-5-1","url":null,"abstract":"This Research paper is based on an empirical study that sought to assess the impact of UMEED sheme, (common name of NRLM in JK) a poverty reduction programme, in Block Chenani of JK on Women Federated in SHGs. The highlights, the ways of Beneficiary Identifications, types of capitalization, nature of Federations, Livelihood Profile, Cadre structure etc. The study strived to gain insight on average savings, Bank linkages etc. The outcome of the Study is based on research design based on three modes of data collection as Sampling and pry data Collection , Secondary data analysis and Focused Group Discussion.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"74 1","pages":"121-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73346188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ICT in Rural Development: Perspective of Developing Countries","authors":"Jayita Pramanik, B. Sarkar, S. Kandar","doi":"10.12691/ajrd-5-4-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajrd-5-4-5","url":null,"abstract":"Information and communication technology (ICT) can be thought of as an umbrella under which there reside communication system, device and applications. Main importance of ICT is given to its ability to provide greater access to information and communication to the populations and the quality of service provided than the technological backbone required. Rural development includes economic betterment of people as well as greater social transformation to eliminate poverty, ignorance and inequality of opportunities. In developing countries a large number of people are resident of rural area, thus rural development program is a necessary aspect. Use of information and communication technology can contribute a lot in socioeconomic development of rural area. In the current communication we have mainly focused on rural education, agriculture, health care facility, disaster and emergency response and E-governance facility in rural areas of developing countries.","PeriodicalId":45379,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rural and Community Development","volume":"70 1","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89884435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}