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Index—Volume 43, 2023 索引-第 43 卷，2023 年

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915192

引用次数: 0

“Servants not Soldiers”: The Origins of Slavery in the United States Army, 1797–1816 "仆人而非士兵"：美国军队中奴隶制的起源，1797-1816 年

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915153

Yoav Hamdani

{"title":"“Servants not Soldiers”: The Origins of Slavery in the United States Army, 1797–1816","authors":"Yoav Hamdani","doi":"10.1353/jer.2023.a915153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2023.a915153","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article illuminates a lesser-explored aspect of the United States as a “slaveholding republic.” Between 1816–1861, the U.S. Army relied on thousands of enslaved persons who served as officers' servants. In 1816, Congress authorized allowances, rations, and bonuses for officers' private servants while putting an end to the practice of soldiers serving as servants. This legislative move effectively subsidized and incentivized military slaveholding. The paper delves into the political circumstances and legislative maneuvers that led Congress to institutionalize military slavery, establishing mechanisms to sustain, fund, and expand the number of enslaved servants. Military slavery developed gradually with the foundation, bureaucratization, and professionalization of an American military peace establishment. It evolved from 1797 to 1816 through competing policy objectives, resulting in a long-lasting bureaucratic workaround euphemistically termed \"servants not soldiers.\" Facing public criticism over officers’ abuse of soldiers’ labor, the army “outsourced” officers’ servants through a dual process of privatization and racialization, differentiating between “public” and “private” service, between free, white soldiers and enslaved, black servants. Though serving slaveholders’ interests, the adopted solution was a product of bureaucratic contingencies and ad-hoc decision-making and not a policy orchestrated by a cabal of enslavers. Interestingly, a basic question of reimbursement led somewhere unanticipated, ending in government-sponsored enslaved servitude. Acknowledging this contingency does not excuse the actions but underscores how slavery was often \"solved\" through institutional accommodation rather than political or moral opposition. Thus, slavery directly impacted the U.S. Army, a central national institution, altering the military system at its pivotal, formative moments.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"241 ","pages":"537 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Religion-Supported State: Piety and Politics in Early National New England by Nathan S. Rives (review) 宗教支持的国家：Nathan S. Rives 所著《早期新英格兰国家的虔诚与政治》（评论）

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915187

Patrick Browne

引用次数: 1

Urban Rehearsals and Novel Plots in the Early American City by Betsy Klimasmith (review) Betsy Klimasmith 著的《美国早期城市的排练和小说情节》（评论）

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915189

Beth Barton Schweiger

引用次数: 0

The West India Regiments and the War of 1812 西印度军团与 1812 年战争

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915156

Tim Lockley

引用次数: 0

East Florida in the Revolutionary Era: 1763–1785 by George Kotlik (review) 革命时代的东佛罗里达：1763-1785》，作者 George Kotlik（评论）

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915175

James L. Hill

引用次数: 0

Russian Colonization of Alaska: Baranov’s Era, 1799–1818 by Andrei V. Grinev (review) 俄罗斯在阿拉斯加的殖民：巴拉诺夫时代，1799-1818 年》，安德烈-V. 格里涅夫著（评论）

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915188

Lucien J. Frary

引用次数: 0

Publishing Plates: Stereotyping and Electrotyping in Nineteenth-Century US Print Culture by Jeffrey M. Makala (review) 出版印版：Jeffrey M. Makala 著《十九世纪美国印刷文化中的刻板印象和电子排版》（评论）

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a915190

Lucas Dietrich

引用次数: 0

Replanting a Slave Society: The Sugar and Cotton Revolutions in the Lower Mississippi Valley by Patrick Luck (review) 《重塑奴隶社会：密西西比河下游的糖和棉花革命》，帕特里克·勒克著（评论）

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a905104

Anders Bright

引用次数: 0

Necropolis: Disease, Power, and Capitalism in the Cotton Kingdom by Kathryn Olivarius (review) 《墓地:棉花王国的疾病、权力和资本主义》作者:凯瑟琳·奥利瓦里乌斯

IF 0.3 2区历史学

JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.1353/jer.2023.a905103

Katherine D. Johnston

{"title":"Necropolis: Disease, Power, and Capitalism in the Cotton Kingdom by Kathryn Olivarius (review)","authors":"Katherine D. Johnston","doi":"10.1353/jer.2023.a905103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2023.a905103","url":null,"abstract":"tocratic.” None of these conclusions are accurate, but de Tocqueville was wedded to them despite his empirical observations to the contrary. In his political career, he demonstrated the same naiveté concerning the practice of politics. An excellent theorist, one would surmise, would be able to apply those ideas to the building of political co ali tions around much needed reforms. Unfortunately, just as his Democracy in Amer i ca and theoretical work missed the dirty work of politics in the details, so de Tocqueville was unable to work the room in France’s national legislature or make much of an impact on the Second Republic’s constitution or in his brief stint as foreign minister. Despite his legal training and early work in the courts, de Tocqueville also seems to have not fully appreciated the English legal inheritance for Amer i ca’s national experiment, nor the defects in the federal system. He was committed to his dying day to the need to avoid centralization in order to preserve local traditions. With French democracy having succumbed to Bonapartism for the second time, the U.S. on the verge of civil conflict, and 1848 a lost cause, he might well have wondered whether he had made any contribution at all. He should not have worried about that. Though Zunz could have done more to show de Tocqueville’s lasting legacy in the social sciences, political theory, as a key primary source on Jacksonian democracy, and as an analyst of the origins of the French Revolution, this biography stands as a testament to a remarkable thinker and observer of a critical period in both French and American history.","PeriodicalId":45213,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC","volume":"43 1","pages":"505 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0