{"title":"Optimal linear transformation for MRI feature extraction","authors":"H. Soltanian-Zadeh, J. Windham, D. Peck","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534058","url":null,"abstract":"Presents development and application of a feature extraction method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), without explicit calculation of tissue parameters. A three-dimensional (3-D) feature space representation of the data is generated in which normal tissues are clustered around pre-specified target positions and abnormalities are clustered elsewhere. This is accomplished by a linear minimum mean square error transformation of categorical data to target positions. From the 3-D histogram (cluster plot) of the transformed data, clusters are identified and regions of interest (ROIs) for normal and abnormal tissues are defined. These ROIs are used to estimate signature (feature) vectors for each tissue type which in turn are used to segment the MRI scene. The proposed feature space is compared to those generated by tissue-parameter-weighted images, principal component images, and angle images, demonstrating its superiority for feature extraction. The method and its performance are illustrated using MRI images of an egg phantom and a human brain.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122294051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contour model guided image warping for medical image interpolation","authors":"W. Shih, W. Lin, C.-T. Chen","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534085","url":null,"abstract":"An interpolation method using contours of organs as the control parameters is proposed to recover the intensity information in the physical gaps of serial cross-sectional images. In the authors' method, contour models are used for generating the control lines required for the image warping algorithm. Contour information derived from this contour-model-based segmentation process is processed and used as the control parameters to warp the corresponding regions in both input images into compatible shapes. In this way, the reliability of establishing the correspondence among different segments of the same organs is improved and the intensity information for the interpolated intermediate slices can be derived more faithfully. In comparison with the existing intensity interpolation algorithms that only search for corresponding points in a small physical neighborhood, this method provides more meaningful correspondence relationships by warping regions in images into similar shapes before resampling to account for significant shape differences. Experimental results show that this method generates more close to realistic and less blurred interpolated images especially when the shaped difference of corresponding contours is significant.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129050209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mardia, T. J. Hainsworth, J. Kirkbride, M. Hurn, E. Berry
{"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian classification of multimodal medical images","authors":"K. Mardia, T. J. Hainsworth, J. Kirkbride, M. Hurn, E. Berry","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534057","url":null,"abstract":"It has gradually been recognised that Bayesian algorithms are more widely applicable and reliable than ad hoc algorithms. Advantages include the use of explicit and realistic stochastic models making it easier to understand the working behind the algorithm and allowing confidence statements about conclusions. The authors propose a method, within a Bayesian framework, to assimilate information from images obtained from different modalities at different resolutions. The algorithm is used with a pair of images, from which a fused high resolution image and improved data reconstructions are simultaneously obtained. The authors illustrate their method by 2 examples, the first fuses a pair of SPECT and CT phantom images and the second a pair of MR brain scan images, obtained from different acquisition techniques. The authors provide a pseudo-comparison of the latter example with a commercially available package called ANALYZE. However, the phantom images from physical experiment given here provide a true validation and performance of the model.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116044688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colin Studholme, Derek L. G. Hill, David J. Hawkes
{"title":"Incorporating connected region labelling into automated image registration using mutual information","authors":"Colin Studholme, Derek L. G. Hill, David J. Hawkes","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534054","url":null,"abstract":"The information theoretic measure of mutual information has been successfully applied to multi-modality medical image registration for several applications. There remain however; modality combinations for which mutual information derived from the occurrence of image intensities alone does not provide a distinct optimum at true registration. The authors propose an extension of the technique through the use of an additional information channel supplying region labelling information. These labels which can specify simple regional connectivity or express higher level anatomical knowledge, can be derived from the images being registered. The authors show how the mutual information measure can be extended to include an additional channel of region labelling, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique for the registration of MR and PET images of the pelvis.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129877914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Malladi, Ron Kimmel, D. Adalsteinsson, G. Sapiro, Vicent Caselles, J. Sethian
{"title":"A geometric approach to segmentation and analysis of 3D medical images","authors":"R. Malladi, Ron Kimmel, D. Adalsteinsson, G. Sapiro, Vicent Caselles, J. Sethian","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534076","url":null,"abstract":"A geometric scheme for detecting, representing, and measuring 3D medical data is presented. The technique based on deforming 3D surfaces, represented via level-sets, towards the medical objects, according to intrinsic geometric measures of the data. The 3D medical object is represented as a (weighted) minimal surface in a Riemannian space whose metric is induced from the image. This minimal surface is computed using the level-set methodology for propagating interfaces, combined with a narrow band technique which allows fast implementation. This computation technique automatically handles topological changes. Measurements like volume and area are performed on the surface, exploiting the representation and the high accuracy intrinsic to the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126425182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On computing aspect graphs of smooth shapes from volumetric data","authors":"J. Noble, D. L. Wilson, J. Ponce","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534082","url":null,"abstract":"The authors address the problem of computing the aspect graph of an object from volumetric image data, with applications in medical image analysis and interpretation. Anatomical surfaces are assumed to be smooth and are identified as the zero set of a three-dimensional density function (e.g., a CT, MR, or ultrasound image). The orthographic-projection aspect graph is constructed by partitioning the view sphere at infinity into maximal regions bounded by visual event curves. These events are the intersections of the view sphere with surfaces ruled by singular tangent lines that graze the object's surface along a set of critical curves. For each visual event the proposed algorithm constructs a new density function from the original one and its derivatives, and computes the corresponding critical curve as the intersection of the object's surface with the zero set of the new density function. Once the critical curves have been traced, the regions of the sphere delineated by the corresponding visual events are constructed through cell decomposition, and a representative aspect is constructed for each region by computing the occluding contour for a sample viewing direction. A preliminary implementation of the proposed approach has been constructed and experiments with synthetic data and real medical data are presented. Extensions to the sectional imaging case are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128740147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshay K. Singh, Dmitry Goldgof, Demetri Terzopoulos
{"title":"Deformable models in medical image analysis","authors":"Akshay K. Singh, Dmitry Goldgof, Demetri Terzopoulos","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534069","url":null,"abstract":"This article surveys deformable models, a promising and vigorously researched computer-assisted medical image analysis technique. Among model-based techniques, deformable models offer a unique and powerful approach to image analysis that combines geometry, physics, and approximation theory. They have proven to be effective in segmenting, matching, and tracking anatomic structures by exploiting (bottom-up) constraints derived from the image data together with (top-down) a priori knowledge about the location, size, and shape of these structures. Deformable model are capable of accommodating the significant variability of biological structures over time and across different individuals. Furthermore, they support highly intuitive interaction mechanisms that, when necessary, allow medical scientists and practitioners to bring their expertise to bear on the model-based image interpretation task. This article reviews the rapidly expanding body of work on the development and application of deformable models to problems of fundamental importance in medical image analysis, including segmentation, shape representation, matching, and motion tracking.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115100192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deformable B-solids and implicit snakes for localization and tracking of SPAMM MRI-data","authors":"P. Radeva, A. Amini, Jiantao Huang, E. Martí","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534071","url":null,"abstract":"To date, MRI-SPAMM data from different image slices have been analyzed independently. In this paper we propose an approach for 3D tag localization and tracking of SPAMM data by a novel deformable B-solid. The solid is defined in terms of a 3D tensor product B-spline. The iso-parametric curves of the B-spline solid have special importance. These are termed implicit snakes as they deform under image forces from tag lines in different image slices. The localization and tracking of tag lines is performed under constraints of continuity and smoothness of the B-solid. The framework unifies the problems of localization, and displacement fitting and interpolation into the same procedure utilizing B-spline bases for interpolation. To track motion from boundaries and restrict image forces to the myocardium, a volumetric model is employed as a pair of coupled endocardial and epicardial B-spline surfaces. To recover deformations in the LV an energy-minimization problem is posed where both tag and LV boundary data are used. The framework has been implemented on tag data from short axis (SA) cardiac images, as well as SA left ventricle (LV) boundaries, and is currently being extended to include long axis (LA) data.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122465186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intensity ridge and widths for tubular object segmentation and description","authors":"S. Aylward, E. Bullitt, S. Pizer, Dave H. Eberly","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534065","url":null,"abstract":"Introduces a technique for the automated description of tubular objects in 3D medical images. The goal of automated 3D object description is to extract a representation which consistently details the location, size, and structure of objects in 3D images using minimal user interaction. Such a representation provides a means by which objects can be classified, quantifiably evaluated, and registered. It also serves as a region of interest specification for visualization processes. The technique presented in this paper is suited for generating representations of 3D objects with nearly circular cross sections which have, possibly as a result of a global operation (e.g., blurring), intensity extrema near their centers. Such tubular objects commonly occur within human anatomy (e.g., vessels and selected bones). The medial axis of each of these objects is well approximated by its intensity ridge. The scales of the local maxima in medialness at all points along the ridge can be mapped to local width estimates. Together these measures capture the location, size, and structure of tubular objects. This paper covers the mathematical basis, the implementation issues, and the application of this technique to the extraction of vessels from 3D magnetic resonance angiographic images and bones from 3D X-ray computed tomographic images.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116429135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An integrated approach for surface finding in medical images","authors":"A. Chakraborty, L. Staib, J. Duncan","doi":"10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMBIA.1996.534077","url":null,"abstract":"The wide availability of three-dimensional medical images has made their direct analysis a necessity. Accurately segmenting and quantifying structures is a key issue for such images. Conventional gradient-based surface finding however often suffers from a variety of limitations. This paper proposes a surface finding approach that uses in addition to gradient information, region information. This makes the resulting procedure more robust to noise and improper initialization. It uses Gauss's Divergence theorem to find the surface of of a homogeneous region-classified area in the image and integrates this with a gray level gradient-based surface finder. Experimental results show that indeed, as expected, a significant improvement is achieved as a consequence of the use of this extra information. Further these improvements are achieved with little increase in computational overhead, an advantage derived from the application of Gauss's Divergence theorem.","PeriodicalId":436387,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129521919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}