AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463856
L. C. Hobbs
{"title":"Review and survey of mass memories","authors":"L. C. Hobbs","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463856","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the advent of electronic digital computers, large files of data and records were stored primarily in printed form or in punched cards for use with standard tabulating and business machine equipment. The introduction of electronic digital computers in the late 1940's, and their commercial applications in the early 1950's, led to the requirement for storing (in a machine readable code and media) large volumes of data generated by computers that were expected to be used again by the computer. These large external files were stored primarily in punched cards and on magnetic tapes. Until approximately 1955, these serial off-line storage devices provided the only method of storing large volume files of computer records that were to be used by the computer again at a later time. Their applications suffered from the inherent disadvantages of serial access and lack of online availability, under computer control, of all records in the file.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133218484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463841
John H. Williams
{"title":"A discriminant method for automatically classifying documents","authors":"John H. Williams","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463841","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a continuing effort within IBM devoted to developing and testing statistical techniques for automatically classifying documents. The work has progressed from a computer evaluation, Meadow (1962) of the classification equations proposed by Edmondson and Willys, (1961) through analyses of documents from the fields of psychology, law, computers and international relations, to a recent classification experiment to test our discriminate hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130517830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463872
Sullivan G. Campbell
{"title":"Systems implications of new memory developments: memoria ex machina","authors":"Sullivan G. Campbell","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463872","url":null,"abstract":"Computer design has historically been limited by, and even largely determined by, available memory capability: speed, size, cost, and operational characteristics. Just as Edgar Allen Poe could create the entire complicated plot and counterplot of Dickens's \"Barnaby Rudge\" after reading the first installment, so can a really competent systems designer describe a well-designed computer system with considerable precision if he only knows what memories were available to the designers. The classical problems, such as serial vs. parallel, synchronous vs. asynchronous, even decimal vs. binary, all relate to ways of getting around problems with memory.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131970917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463859
R. W. Jack, R. Groom, R. Gleim
{"title":"Engineering description of the Burroughs disk file","authors":"R. W. Jack, R. Groom, R. Gleim","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463859","url":null,"abstract":"For over eight years Burroughs Corporation has designed and manufactured random access bulk storage devices. The first two such devices produced were the Burroughs 205 and 220 Datafile units. They were magnetic tape storage devices in which a common read/write head was positioned to one of fifty strips of magnetic tape. After head positioning, finding the information in question was the same as searching for a record on a conventional magnetic tape unit.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122932849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463825
R. Sears, S. Khanna
{"title":"Simulation of an assembly of simplified nerve cells on a digital computer","authors":"R. Sears, S. Khanna","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463825","url":null,"abstract":"A digital computer program simulating an assembly of simplified nerve cell models has been developed for an IBM 709 Data Processing System. The design of the program and the experiments performed with it were undertaken in order to develop techniques for simulating large assemblies of cells, and to study the network response when selected cell parameters are varied. This paper describes the computer program and some of the experimental results obtained from the program.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132973716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463829
P. Kuttner
{"title":"The rope memory: a permanent storage device","authors":"P. Kuttner","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463829","url":null,"abstract":"A powerful way of increasing the capability and flexibility of digital computing systems is through the use of permanent storage memories. Such memories are also known as readonly memories or NDRO electrically unalterable memories. As an example of the application of a permanent memory, consider a computer used for control purposes. Generally, such systems are physically small, relatively inexpensive, and are not required to perform a variety but rather a restricted category of computations. The problem of program and constant input and storage in such systems is considerable. Permanent memory can satisfy the input and storage function required in such a system in an inexpensive manner. It can, furthermore, be packaged in such a manner as to minimize volume requirements; in any event, the volume occupied by the store for such an application is less than that required for tape or other inputs. In both large and small scale computers, permanent memory can be used for the storage of supervisory routines, input/output function routines, and, in the case of the rope memory, performing logic.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134189846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463834
M. Lewin, H. Beelitz, J. Rajchman
{"title":"Fixed, associative memory using evaporated organic diode arrays","authors":"M. Lewin, H. Beelitz, J. Rajchman","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463834","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fixed or read-only memories to store permanent or semi-permanent data has been widely treated in the literature. Associative or content-addressable memories, discussed more recently, provide the important capability for rapid parallel searching and retrieval of stored information. A fixed, associative memory can be used in applications requiring storage of encyclopedic data which must be searched at very high speed. Large capacity stores such as library and other catalog search files, language translators and medical diagnostic tables, as well as small stores such as code converters, computer program memories and other realtime search files, may be of this type.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133490804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463883
R. A. Kleist, M. A. Lewis, B. C. Wang
{"title":"Single capstan tape memory","authors":"R. A. Kleist, M. A. Lewis, B. C. Wang","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463883","url":null,"abstract":"Digital tape memories, because of their large capacity and their ability to store data on removable reels at an extremely low cost per bit, are a powerful component in electronic data processing systems. A typical capacity is 10<sup>8</sup> to 10<sup>9</sup> bits, typical cost is $3.6 × 10<sup>-5</sup> cents per bit for a reel of tape and 1.25 × 10<sup>-2</sup> cents per bit for a tape memory equipped with one reel of tape.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123777522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463890
L. Fein
{"title":"Computer-oriented peace research","authors":"L. Fein","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463890","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine a management consulting and research type of organization called, say, the Universal Study Center for the Salvage and Reorganization of Institutions in Imminent Danger of Destruction Applying Computers Wherever Feasible (USCSRIIDDACWF), located on a planet in our solar system. Its services are available for hire to planetary social institutions. One of its newly formed divisions called, say, the Peace on Earth Research Center (PERC), has on its staff historians, social scientists, physical scientists, artists, and members of the computer profession. Suppose, furthermore, that Earth, a planetary social institution in imminent danger of self destruction, has called upon USCSRIIDDACWF to produce considered and documented alternative advisory opinions on how Earth might prevent or indefinitely postpone its demise, and on how to establish conditions favorable to future Earth peace, health and prosperity. The contract is assigned to PERC---the division of USCSRIIDDACWF specializing in Earth's problems.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128874886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1899-12-30DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463874
R. R. Seeber, A. B. Lindquist
{"title":"Associative logic for highly parallel systems","authors":"R. R. Seeber, A. B. Lindquist","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463874","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the advantages of a highly parallel system are well known. With several computers and memories available, double or triple redundancy can supply extremely high reliability where such reliability is a necessity. The loss of one computer will mean a reduced computing rate but no complete breakdown of the system; this desirable attribute has been called graceful deterioration. We can also have modular enhancement when the user who wishes to solve his problems more rapidly has but to add another computer module or two in parallel with his existing installation, if his problems are responsive to parallel treatment. Complex real-time problems of supreme urgency will require a high degree of parallelism if they are to be solved. Of course all of these advantages of parallel systems assume an exceedingly flexible means of programming and control for the system.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121177515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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