AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463847
E. Boutwell, E. Hoskinson
{"title":"The logical organization of the PB 440 microprogrammable computer","authors":"E. Boutwell, E. Hoskinson","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463847","url":null,"abstract":"The principal classifying feature of the PB 440 is its microprogrammed character. Like other so-called \"general purpose\" computers, it derives control from a program of instructions or orders which has been previously prepared and stored within the computer memory. Unlike most general purpose computers, however, the PB 440 programmer is permitted to direct the computer at a more basic level of control by logically manipulating the contents of individual registers and flip flops.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121238916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463844
M. Kosakoff, D. Buswell
{"title":"Experience with a generalized information processing system","authors":"M. Kosakoff, D. Buswell","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463844","url":null,"abstract":"A generalized computer information storage and retrieval system has been in use at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, Corona, California since 1960. The system, called Variable Information Processing (VIP), has permitted the establishment and use of files of many varied and interrelated types of data with a minimum of effort on the part of the user, little effort for system setup, and no effort for computer programming. It has been used for storage and retrieval of loosely defined, nebulously structured bodies of information and even plain-text natural language information.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130351591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463836
A. J. Critcklow
{"title":"Generalized multiprocessing and multiprogramming systems","authors":"A. J. Critcklow","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463836","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the following definitions have been followed:\u0000 1. Multiprogramming---the time-sharing of a processor by many programs operating sequentially. Many programs are available and in memory but only one program is actually being executed at a given time. Control of object programs is provided by a supervisory control program. Thruput is highest when many programs can be interleaved to use hardware most efficiently. In general, the time required to complete a selected program will be increased over single program operation.\u0000 2. Multiprocessing---independent and simultaneous processing accomplished by the use of several duplicate hardware units. Specifically, duplicate logical and arithmetic units are assumed, although systems with separate input-output channels can also be said to be multiprocessors. Note that \"processors\" do not include storage units while \"computers\" do. (Table 1.2.2)\u0000 3. Scheduling---is the determination of the sequence in which job programs will use the available facilities. Scheduling assignments are based on the availability of all required facilities, the priority of the job program and the relative priorities of other programs. Scheduling algorithms aim to optimize performance of the system with respect to chosen goals.\u0000 4. Allocation---is the assignment of particular facilities: core memory, tapes, disk files to a job program.\u0000 5. Interrupt and Trapping are considered synonymous. Both mean the ability, provided by hardware, to monitor particular conditions in the system during execution of all other operations and to provide an alarm signal which can interrupt a processor to obtain required action. Program interrupts or Intentional interrupts are really branching operations which sometimes use the alarm signal hardware.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133994361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463884
D. Tyrrell, D. Morrison, J. Staller
{"title":"Evolution of digital magnetic tape systems for use in military environments","authors":"D. Tyrrell, D. Morrison, J. Staller","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463884","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the electronic data processor has far outstripped similar developments in peripheral devices that feed, store, and receive data from the central processor. This imbalance has resulted in overall systems whose capability, performance, and size is primarily limited by the peripheral or ancillary devices. While a factor in commercial applications, these short-comings are particularly serious for equipment that must operate in military environments, under the control of military personnel. The Army and Navy, and their suppliers, have learned through experience that commercial or semi-militarized equipment will not operate reliably, nor can it be readily maintained under these conditions. These problems, when coupled with the severe size and weight limitations placed on transportable equipment, provided the impetus for this development program.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463843
J. Olmer, R. Rick
{"title":"A flexible direct file approach to information retrieval-test edit, search or select and print on an IBM 1401","authors":"J. Olmer, R. Rick","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463843","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been published on the theories of information retrieval and various means of handling and expediting the ever-growing accumulations of information which are swamping our civilization. Not much has been said, however, about any attempt to make use of a small to medium scale computer as a tool. This is an eighteen months' progress report of such an attempt undertaken at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory by a team consisting of computer people and librarians. Dr. Robert P. Rich, head of the University Computing Center, and the speaker represented the computer viewpoint. Mr. Fenton L. Kennedy, head of the APL Document Library, and Mrs. Mary E. Brown are the librarians on the team. Mr. Robert A. Lambert, formerly of the APL Document Library, took part in the early stage of development.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130304812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463839
M. Aoki, G. Estrin, Richard L. Mandell
{"title":"Analysis of computing-load assignment in a multi-processor computer","authors":"M. Aoki, G. Estrin, Richard L. Mandell","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463839","url":null,"abstract":"Many of today's numerical problems are too time-consuming to be done on conventional computers. In some cases it is possible to reduce the overall computation time significantly by assigning part of the computation to one or more computers which work in parallel. If there is any uncertainty or random variation in the time required by either of the processors for completing its share of the computation, one cannot always divide the work between the computers in such a way that they will always finish at approximately the same time. Thus, it is possible for a considerable degradation in performance to occur.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"570 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133839937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463870
M. Palevsky, J. Howell
{"title":"The DES-1: a real-time digital simulation computer","authors":"M. Palevsky, J. Howell","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463870","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, there have been two lines of development in the attempt to apply digital techniques to the solution of those types of differential equations that have traditionally been solved by analog methods. The first started at Northrup Aircraft in approximately 1948 and led to the development of the digital differential analyzer. The original digital differential analyzers were slow but, in context of the state of digital technology at the time, provided a computing method not otherwise available; in 1948, high-speed internally-programmed general purpose computers were not in general use. As digital techniques developed, digital differential analyzers were increased in speed and in complexity. The most recent of these, the TRICE, is a very high-speed parallel digital differential analyzer that operates at approximately ten thousand times the speed of early digital differential analyzers. The second line of development was started at the Moore School in the investigation of general purpose digital techniques for operational flight trainers. This line of development has been carried on into the present at M.I.T. The emphasis has been on stability considerations and algorithms which would permit computers with a given speed to simulate high performance aircraft.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121993150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463860
Irving L. Wieselman, R. Williams, Donald K. Sampson
{"title":"A multiple-access disc file","authors":"Irving L. Wieselman, R. Williams, Donald K. Sampson","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463860","url":null,"abstract":"During the past two years disc files have been accepted as a reliable and economic form of mass random-access memory. It is now possible to design disc file systems which are functionally and logically optimized to provide efficient operation for a wide range of applications. This is important since at any given computer installation, more than one application is so often required.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129631260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463826
T. Marrill, A. K. Hartley, T. G. Evans, B. Bloom, D. M. R. Park, T. P. Hart, D. L. Darley
{"title":"CYCLOPS-1: a second-generation recognition system","authors":"T. Marrill, A. K. Hartley, T. G. Evans, B. Bloom, D. M. R. Park, T. P. Hart, D. L. Darley","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463826","url":null,"abstract":"CYCLOPS-1 is a recognition system programmed for a general-purpose digital computer, the PDP-1. It uses no special-purpose hardware. The three principal modes of operation of the system are (a) pattern input, (b) input identification, and (c) scene analysis.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115661576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '63 (Fall)Pub Date : 1963-11-12DOI: 10.1145/1463822.1463863
C. Shepherd
{"title":"The computer-stored thesaurus and its use in concept processing","authors":"C. Shepherd","doi":"10.1145/1463822.1463863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1463822.1463863","url":null,"abstract":"As the state of the art of computer development has advanced, the documentalist has turned more and more to mechanization for solutions to many of his problems. The process of retrieval of information, especially the searching of coded indexes prior to the selection of the document images themselves, has captured the lion's share of applications effort. The retrieval phase, however, often poses relatively minor difficulties; the most crucial point in the documentation process---the one which may contribute more than any other to its over-all success or failure---is that of indexing the documents prior to their entry into the search files. The time-honored computer principle of \"GIGO,\" garbage ingarbage out, could apply nowhere better than in the indexing process. Because of the crucial nature of this function, it usually proves to be the most expensive operation of the information center, the presence of a goodly assortment of data processing equipment notwithstanding.","PeriodicalId":432708,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '63 (Fall)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1963-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123635738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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