Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences最新文献_第6页

COMPATIBILIDAD DE Beauveria bassiana Y Metarhizium anisopliae CON Chrysoperla externa DEPREDADOR DE Trialeurodes vaporariorum 球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)和绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)与黄僵菌(Chrysoperla)的相容性

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000104

Mayerly Alejandra Castro López, John Wilson Martínez Osorio

引用次数: 1

CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma asperellum VSL80 AGAINST Aspergillus niger VIA THE EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION 曲霉木霉VSL80对黑曲霉的拮抗作用

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0719-38902019005000202

T. Romero-Cortes, P. López-Pérez, V. H. P. España, A. K. Medina-Toledo, J. E. Aparicio-Burgos, J. A. Cuervo-Parra

{"title":"CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma asperellum VSL80 AGAINST Aspergillus niger VIA THE EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION","authors":"T. Romero-Cortes, P. López-Pérez, V. H. P. España, A. K. Medina-Toledo, J. E. Aparicio-Burgos, J. A. Cuervo-Parra","doi":"10.4067/S0719-38902019005000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000202","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Aspergillus has been isolated from cocoa plantations worldwide. However, there is not enough information about its role in the occurrence of diseases. Aspergillus niger strains were characterized by morphological and molecular techniques. The sequences of A. niger were deposited in the GenBank databases. In addition, the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma asperellum VSL80 against A. niger strains was evaluated, obtaining a biocontrol index (BCI) between 15.36 and 88.71%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the Trichoderma hyphae grew in parallel with the hyphae of A. niger and, in some cases, they were found together with the hyphae of the pathogenic fungus preventing their development. On the other hand, the maximum enzymatic activity of xylanases produced by A. niger in submerged culture was 1.128 U mL-1 at 96 h. The morphological and molecular 69 Romero-Cortes, T. et al. Trichoderma asperellum confrontation against Aspergillus niger through enzymatic production characterization of A. niger strains confirms its presence in Mexico. In addition, information obtained of the BCI may be important for the development of strategies for the prevention and control of this fungus. The enzymatic activity of A. niger during mycoparasitism by T. asperellum could explain the low BCI observed in some A. niger strains confronted with T. asperellum. Finally, the xylanolytic enzyme production by A. niger indicated that this fungus could be used in the industry to obtain xylanases.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70330568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

HERMETISM VARIATION IN Camponotus morosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) WITH THE AGE OF HOMOSPECIFIC INTRUDING ANTS 膜翅目:蚁科褐茧蜂的寄生性随入侵蚁年龄的变化

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0719-38902019005000204

J. Ipinza-Regla, A. Covacevich, J. Araya

{"title":"HERMETISM VARIATION IN Camponotus morosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) WITH THE AGE OF HOMOSPECIFIC INTRUDING ANTS","authors":"J. Ipinza-Regla, A. Covacevich, J. Araya","doi":"10.4067/S0719-38902019005000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000204","url":null,"abstract":"Ants present hermetism, that is, they recognize and discriminate individuals alien to the colony, even at a homospecific level, which results in aggressive reactions against intruders, varying with their age. To evaluate the importance of this factor, transfers of homospecific larvae, pupae and 2and 8-h-old adults of Camponotus morosus Smith were carried out. All the transferred larvae developed into pupae, and later into adults, but only 20% of these survived 15 d in the receiving nests. The transferred pupae were attacked and killed in 8 d. The transfer of 2-d and 8-h old adults produced 70 and 30% acceptance, respectively. These results indicate that adults begin to develop their own odor earlier than 2-d of age. The age of the intruder was determinant in its acceptance of C. morosus homospecific resident ants, as indicated in a 1-way ANOVA (p = 0.0001). The adults that survived the transfer of larvae were later reintroduced into their original nests; 37.5% of them were accepted, compared with 65% acceptance for 2and 8-h old adults reintroduced, indicating that there is a strong genetic influence in the development of their own smell, that would allow adults to be recognized as belonging to the nest. The fact that not all the males were accepted can be explained by the influence of the odor acquired in the receiving nest.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70330743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LA HORTICULTURA EN LA ZONA CENTRAL DE CHILE: CARACTERIZACIÓN Y ACTITUDES DE LOS PEQUEÑOS AGRICULTORES 智利中部地区的园艺:小农的特征和态度

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0719-38902019005000201

S. Boza, Maruja Cortés, Carmen Prieto, Tomasa Muñoz

{"title":"LA HORTICULTURA EN LA ZONA CENTRAL DE CHILE: CARACTERIZACIÓN Y ACTITUDES DE LOS PEQUEÑOS AGRICULTORES","authors":"S. Boza, Maruja Cortés, Carmen Prieto, Tomasa Muñoz","doi":"10.4067/S0719-38902019005000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000201","url":null,"abstract":"La oferta de hortalizas frescas, de calidad y accesibles, es esencial para mejorar la dieta en Chile. La zona central es la principal área productiva del país. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar a los pequeños productores hortícolas de dicha zona, y determinar sus actitudes respecto a su actividad. Para ello se encuestó de forma presencial a un total de 165 agricultores en 10 comunas de la Región de O’Higgins. Los datos obtenidos fueron tratados por medio de técnicas descriptivas. Entre los resultados alcanzados destacan los siguientes: i) el promedio de edad es de 52,47 años, ii) el 53,34% de los encuestados no tiene educación formal o ha finalizado sólo la básica, iii) hay un buen acceso a servicios y movilización, iv) el promedio de hectáreas productivas es 7,8, pero con alta dispersión, v) es muy limitado el uso de invernadero, técnicas de agricultura orgánica e hidroponía, y la contratación de mano de obra permanente, vi) el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones (TIC) – excepto celular – es escaso, vii) la innovación declarada se centra en aspectos técnico-productivos, viii) la mayor parte de los encuestados no se asocia, su relación con el sector público es acotada, vende a través de intermediarios y no lleva registro de sus operaciones. Respecto a sus actitudes, destaca la valoración positiva de la manera en la cual realizan su actividad productiva; sin embargo, existe incertidumbre sobre el futuro de la misma.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0719-38902019005000201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70330860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

PRODUCTIVE AND METABOLIC RESPONSE TO TWO LEVELS OF TURNIP (Brassica rapa L.) SUPPLEMENTATION IN GRAZING DAIRY COWS DURING SUMMER 不同水平芜菁的生产和代谢反应夏季放牧奶牛的营养补充

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000303

Claudia Barchiesi-Ferrari, R. Chihuailaf

引用次数: 0

EFECTO DE DIFERENTES TRATAMIENTOS DE DESINFECCIÓN DEL SUELO SOBRE LAS PROPIEDADES EDÁFICAS 不同土壤消毒处理对土壤性质的影响

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/s0719-38902019005000103

Marisol Virginia Cuellas, Paula Amoia, Pablo Ricardo Delmazzo

{"title":"EFECTO DE DIFERENTES TRATAMIENTOS DE DESINFECCIÓN DEL SUELO SOBRE LAS PROPIEDADES EDÁFICAS","authors":"Marisol Virginia Cuellas, Paula Amoia, Pablo Ricardo Delmazzo","doi":"10.4067/s0719-38902019005000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000103","url":null,"abstract":"In the Gran La Plata region, around 4,600 ha of agricultural crops are grown undercover on Typic Hapludert and Vertic Argiudol soils, characterized by poor drainage because of their high content of expandable clay. The characteristics of the soils, together with the quality of irrigation water and intensive management lead to physical, chemical and biological degradation associated with the presence of abundant pathogens (diseases and nematodes). Therefore, it is one of the most important challenges to find alternatives for soil disinfection that can be adapted to this type of production system, prevent contamination or degradation of resources, and promote soil improvement. This study evaluated the effect of different soil disinfection treatments on the soil properties (pH, EC, MO, RAS, Ca, Mg) and crop yield. The treatments tested were: solarization, biosolarization with chicken manure (50 t ha-1), biosolarization with mushroom residues (100 t ha-1), biosolarization with cabbage 27 Cuellas et al. Efecto de la desinfección del suelo en las propiedades edáficas residues (80 t ha-1), chemical disinfection and a control. The experiment was conducted during two seasons (2014 and 2015) of a tomato crop. It was observed that biosolarization with chicken manure and mushroom residues increased salinity levels and concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+, without a significant improvement in OM levels. Biosolarization with cabbage residues did not affect the soil variables. Solarization and chemical disinfection treatments behaved similarly to the control. Regarding crop yield, chemical disinfection presented the highest values. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the rest of the treatments.","PeriodicalId":42485,"journal":{"name":"Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/s0719-38902019005000103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70330935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EVOLUCIÓN DEL FÓSFORO DISPONIBLE A DISTINTOS NIVELES DE COMPACTACIÓN POR TRÁFICO AGRÍCOLA EN UN ARGIUDOL TÍPICO 在典型的ARGIUDOL中，农业交通不同压实水平下有效磷的演变

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Chilean Journal of Agricultural & Animal Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0719-38902019005000203

J. M. Guecaimburu, J. Vázquez, Facundo Tancredi, Gisela Reposo, Verónica Rojo, Maximiliano Martínez, R. Introcaso

引用次数: 2