Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0006
R. Adelman
{"title":"Liberal Imaginaries of Guantánamo","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In its depictions of Guantánamo Bay detainees, the state’s agenda is obvious. But the state is not the only entity that mediates detainees’ voices: so, too, do the individuals and organizations that work on their behalf. Reading the history of anti-Guantánamo activism, the chapter demonstrates that it often relies on an erasure of detainee political subjectivity and a refusal of the possibility of detainee anger. Three case studies bear this out. First, a set of city-council resolutions from Massachusetts and California that extended hypothetical welcomes to select detainees on their hypothetical release; the chapter queries the politics of this deeply conditional hospitality and the presumptions of American exceptionalism underpinning it. American exceptionalism is central to the analysis of the next object, the Witness to Guantánamo documentary project, which collects testimonies from former detainees. W2G does crucial documentary work, but its structure also compels the detainees to offer forgiveness and recuperative visions of American goodness. Next, the chapter explores the politics of detainee creative production, with a particular attention to practices of circulation and consumption, and the fictive experiences of intimacy that they promise their audiences. The chapter ends with a critique of a fanciful renarration of Guantánamo’s past and future.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116573815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0001
R. Adelman
{"title":"Fabricated Connections, Deeply Felt","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Framed by an account of the author’s visit to Guantánamo Bay, the Introduction to Figuring Violence queries the limits of what outsiders know about the six beings around which the book is organized: civilian children, military children, military spouses, veterans with PTSD and TBI, detainees, and military dogs. Reflecting on the common status of these beings as political subjects that are partially or fully unknowable, the Introduction outlines the various affective and imaginative practices that transform them into repositories for sentiment. It also explores the mechanisms and politics of the ‘figuring’ that gives the book its title, namely the abstraction of the actual beings with whom these practices are ostensibly concerned. The Introduction makes the case for the centrality of apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and anger in contemporary American militarism. In addition to providing an overview of the book as a whole, the Introduction also elaborates a methodology for the study of affect as it materializes in practices of representation and through wartime public culture.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116846743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0002
R. Adelman
{"title":"Envisioning Civilian Childhood","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"“Envisioning Civilian Childhood” focuses on a collection of scandals related to the exposure of civilian children to militarized violence. These scandals are fueled by the affects of apprehension, affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and anger, and all of them unfold in classrooms. In every case, a range of stakeholders—including parents, administrators, and journalists—rush to the defense of the children’s senses, especially their sight, to insist that they deserve a view of the world unclouded by violence. To contextualize the anxieties reflected in these scandals, the chapter begins with a brief history of the construct of ‘childhood’ in America, from the Colonial period to the present. This history demonstrates that predominant beliefs about childhood innocence are not simply natural responses to their vulnerability. Instead, these beliefs are historically variable, socially constructed, and unevenly applied to different types of children. Here, they are activated around the civilian child encountering the graphic realities of war. An analysis of the resultant scandals reveals that these affects become overwhelming when the vision of the innocent, apolitical child is threatened, insulted, or troubled.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115304578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0004
R. Adelman
{"title":"Recognizing Military Wives","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The materials analyzed in this chapter illuminate the paradoxical combination of public recognition and state neglect of military spouses, who receive contingent visibility as a function of their proximity to suffering, along with a chronic suspicion about their reliability. To contextualize the figuring of the military spouse, the chapter begins with two key histories: that of women’s militarization during the War on Terror and that of the U.S. military’s approach to military wives. Affective investments in military spouses (read: wives) are made explicit in presidential proclamations of appreciation for military spouses and their sacrifice, the first objects of analysis here. Operational Security materials, the second, reveal the other side of official regard for military spouses, which identifies them as vital but weak links in national security. Conversely, the American Widow Project, a network organized and maintained by military widows, offers an alternative to these official discourses, recognizing widows’ sacrifices but also embracing a vision of widowhood that is independent and pleasure-seeking, and the chapter’s penultimate section analyzes their work. The chapter concludes with a consideration of military spouse PTSD, an emerging line of inquiry that simultaneously maps and submerges the subject-position of the military spouse.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130585049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0008
R. Adelman
{"title":"A Radical and Unsentimental Attention","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This conclusion posits ethical anger as an alternative to the forms of affective investment critiqued in the preceding chapters. It notes that none of the figures described in this book are permitted to be angry, a prohibition that sustains militarism by making it easy to imagine that no one objects to it. This ethical anger is distinct from that which is felt vicariously for suffering others, or on their behalf, as forms of second-hand feeling that short-circuit the possibility of the other’s anger and subjectivity. The form of anger that this conclusion endorses is a way of registering the suffering of others without making any kind of epistemological or affective claim on it. This anger notes what is unknowable about the suffering of others, and it is a frustration not with that unknowability (rooted in a greed for experience and sensation) but with the efforts to make it falsely intelligible. Consequently, such anger has the potential to serve as the foundation for a more meaningful ethical response to the suffering that militarism engenders.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121756107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0007
R. Adelman
{"title":"Feeling for Dogs in the War on Terror","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is animated by a single event: a March 2008 cell phone video depicting a U.S. Marine cooing over a live puppy, which surfaced on YouTube and promptly went viral. The video is simultaneously garish in its clarity and stultifying in its indecipherability; this chapter uses it to refract a broader inquiry about mediated suffering, sympathy, and American identity. By throwing two long-established sympathies (for dogs and military personnel) into crisis, the video illuminates the mechanics of figuring and its centrality to the public culture of contemporary American militarism. The chapter begins with a detailed description of the video, attending to its key visual, audio, and narrative elements, and also the role of anger and imagination in responses to it. To provide historical context for the outrage that the perpetrators provoked, the chapter then traces evolution of anti-cruelty discourse and practice in the West. Images of military personnel and dogs working together are the focus of the next section, which explores varied affective and ideological appeals of these partnerships. Returning to the video thereafter, the analysis lingers on the reaction it provoked, and the crucial role of the puppy in engineering it, despite the multiple layers of mediation through which audiences encountered its death.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123208558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0003
R. Adelman
{"title":"Affective Pedagogies for Military Children","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores how a range of institutions, both state and non-state, negotiate the instability latent in the term ‘military child.’ Focusing on internet resources for military children, the chapter analyzes how the websites represent the emotional experiences of military childhood back to that very audience. The chapter begins with the story of Omar Khadr, illustrating the politics of recognizing the militarized political subjectivities of young people. It then turns to a genealogy of the so-called military brat and an overview of the various ways that the U.S. military has interfaced with children, and how these histories inform the investments of affection, admiration, gratitude, pity, and anger circulating around military children today. The core of the analysis is a comparison of two websites, Sesame Street for Military Families (SSMF) and Military Kids Connect (MKC). Military homes on Sesame Street are characterized by warmth, intimacy, and intense focus on children’s needs. By contrast, Military Kids Connect presumes a military household marked by varying degrees of stress, constraint, and dysfunction. In disparate ways, both of these websites acknowledge and deny the impact of militarization on children, while also instrumentalizing their emotional well-being and transform coping into a child’s patriotic obligation.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131118283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figuring ViolencePub Date : 2018-11-20DOI: 10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0005
R. Adelman
{"title":"Economies of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"R. Adelman","doi":"10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5422/FORDHAM/9780823281671.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the mediation of combat trauma and the reshaping of the people who have experienced it into receptacles for gratitude, pity, and anger. Building from a brief history of PTSD and TBI as diagnostic categories and objects of administrative calculation, the chapter explores how these conditions have become sites of affective investment. Reflecting on the ubiquitous mandate to ‘say thank you to the troops,’ the chapter historicizes the militarization of gratitude. This informs the subsequent analysis of the work of various charitable organizations for veterans. The chapter then analyzes the exacting standards by which the Department of Defense awards Purple Hearts for Traumatic Brain Injury (but refuses them for PTSD). In contrast to the DoD’s decidedly unsympathetic approach to PTSD, David Finkel’s bestselling non-fiction account Thank You for Your Service tracks how PTSD plays out, often violently, in domestic spaces. That book makes PTSD visible through intensely emotional scenes, while research efforts to make TBI clinically legible search for specific signs of the injury on posthumously donated brain tissue. The concluding section offers a different vantage on TBI, reflecting on veterans’ own efforts to make their brains visible to others.","PeriodicalId":402151,"journal":{"name":"Figuring Violence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127678410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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