Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal最新文献_第6页

Tribal engagement strategies in the Islamic Emirate of Azawad 阿扎瓦德伊斯兰酋长国的部落交战策略

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2022.2111461

Vidar B. Skretting

引用次数: 3

The Islamic State’s tribal policies in Syria and Iraq 伊斯兰国在叙利亚和伊拉克的部落政策

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2022.2147990

Brynjar Lia

{"title":"The Islamic State’s tribal policies in Syria and Iraq","authors":"Brynjar Lia","doi":"10.1080/23802014.2022.2147990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2022.2147990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The surprising ability of the jihadist organisation “the Islamic State” to capture and hold large territories in Syria and Iraq raises important questions regarding rebel governance in civil wars. One understudied aspect in the growing literature on rebel rule is insurgents’ relations to kinship organisations. This article offers a detailed empirical exploration of ISIS’ tribal policies in the mid-2010s. It argues that ISIS’ relative success in maintaining control over tribal areas in Syria and Iraq and preventing a tribal-based uprising is due to three main factors. First, ISIS pursued well-calibrated carrot-and-stick policies vis-à-vis the tribes, which divided tribal constituencies and undermined their ability to mobilise effectively. Secondly, the politico-military situation in both Iraq and Syria contributed to deprive the Sunni-Arab tribes from trustworthy military allies and sources of external support, which forced them instead to lie low and accept ISIS rule, while waiting for ISIS to be defeated by their enemies. Thirdly, inter- and intra-tribal divisions had allowed ISIS to penetrate most tribes thereby reducing the tribe’s ability to act as cohesive and effective socio-political and military units. By comparing tribal groups and jihadist insurgents, the article also speaks to the theoretical debate on extremist advantages in civil war.","PeriodicalId":398229,"journal":{"name":"Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128063037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rebel governance and kinship groups in the Middle East and Africa 中东和非洲的叛军统治和亲属组织

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2022.2152862

Dag Tuastad, E. Sogge, Brynjar Lia

{"title":"Rebel governance and kinship groups in the Middle East and Africa","authors":"Dag Tuastad, E. Sogge, Brynjar Lia","doi":"10.1080/23802014.2022.2152862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2022.2152862","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the 2010s, the Middle East and Africa have witnessed a sharp proliferation of insurgent proto-states – territorial enclaves controlled by insurgent groups. Gathering six ethnographic accounts from these regions, this volume seeks to answer the following: How do rebel governments and kin-based forms of socio-political organisation shape and influence one another? When rebels establish territorial control, their emerging proto-states will be shaped by processes of negotiation with pre-existing social forces. Therefore, sociopolitical organisation in rebel-held areas can only be understood by analysing the interactions between “the preexisting” and “the incoming” orders. Nonetheless, as we emphasise in this introduction, the study of kinship groups in conflict areas and rebel governments have developed as two distinct research fields. The aim of this volume is to bring them together and seek a deeper understanding of how kin-based loyalties, networks, institutions, and social conventions may shape and influence rebel governance practices. The volume features many examples of insurgent groups meticulously crafting “tribal administrations” to curtail civilian resistance. Yet, it also shows that the various rebel groups described face far greater difficulties in reforming society culturally, than asserting military dominance over tribal actors. For the rebels, social revolutions are harder earned than political domination.","PeriodicalId":398229,"journal":{"name":"Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127950387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Competitive clientelism in secondary cities: urban ecologies of resistance in Lebanon

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2021.1968313

A. Knudsen

{"title":"Competitive clientelism in secondary cities: urban ecologies of resistance in Lebanon","authors":"A. Knudsen","doi":"10.1080/23802014.2021.1968313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2021.1968313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses political and religious mobilisation in Sidon and Tripoli, both secondary cities struggling amidst deep social divisions, elite competition, and armed conflict during the contentious decade following the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri (2005–15). A central element in the sectarian and Islamic resurgence was discontent with the political and social decline of the Sunnis. The Syrian revolt magnified Sunni-Shia tensions and shifted the locus of contentious politics from the capital Beirut to secondary cities such as Tripoli and Sidon. In both cities, communal tensions spurred confrontations with the Army that were followed by closely contested municipal elections. By examining the urban ecologies of resistance, the article contributes to an understanding of how urban inequality, competitive clientelism, and Islamist (social) movements are intertwined and can explain why the political pathways and electoral outcomes differed and the implications for the understanding of religious-influenced politics. The city-level analysis testifies to the importance of contextual urban traits and political actors’ agency in influencing the popular support for state-oriented social movements and sectarian parties and as determinants of their electoral fortunes.","PeriodicalId":398229,"journal":{"name":"Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Islamist Social Movements and Hybrid Regime Types in the Muslim World 穆斯林世界的伊斯兰社会运动与混合政权类型

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2022.2137300

Tine Gade, M. Bøås

{"title":"Islamist Social Movements and Hybrid Regime Types in the Muslim World","authors":"Tine Gade, M. Bøås","doi":"10.1080/23802014.2022.2137300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2022.2137300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the Arab Uprisings in 2010–2011 and subsequent counterrevolutions, socio-economic and political crises have occurred with rapid frequency in the Arab Middle East, North Africa, and the Sahel. The aim of our special issue is to investigate how and why social movements that use references to Islam or an explicit Islamist framework have adapted their ideology and their toolbox in order to negotiate and navigate the social and political terrain created by the upheavals in the recent period? Using recent field data to enrich our knowledge of Islamist movements in countries where the Islamist phenomenon has been understudied, this collection provides a framework to understand the growing political volatility and hybridity in Islamist repertoires of contention. The authors of the volume each analyse cases of Islamist social movements shifting, or attempting to shift, from one repertoire to another – from transnational to national, from non-violent to violent or vice versa. The collection shows that social movements adapt in different ways and make use of resources available to them, at times moving far beyond their established ideology and traditional theological references.","PeriodicalId":398229,"journal":{"name":"Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129038093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can (Salafi) jihadi insurgents politicise and become pragmatic in civil wars? Social movement restraint in Ahrar al-Sham in Syria (萨拉菲派)圣战叛乱分子能在内战中政治化并变得务实吗?叙利亚阿赫拉尔沙姆的社会运动受到限制

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2021.1983454

Jérôme Drevon

引用次数: 3

The sheikh versus the president: the making of Imam Dicko as a political Big Man in Mali 酋长对抗总统:伊玛目迪科成为马里的政治大人物

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2022.2108893

M. Bøås, A. Cissé

引用次数: 1

Opportunity, ideology, and Salafi pathways of political activism in Tunisia 突尼斯的机会、意识形态和萨拉菲派政治活动之路

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2021.1965014

T. Blanc

{"title":"Opportunity, ideology, and Salafi pathways of political activism in Tunisia","authors":"T. Blanc","doi":"10.1080/23802014.2021.1965014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2021.1965014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Arab Revolutions have multiplied the pathways of activism available to Salafi groups notably in the newly democratised Tunisia. Based on an opportunity-inclusion approach, the literature has not successfully explained this diversification of pathways due to a focalisation on structural opportunities. This approach is unable to account for the variation in pathways taken by different groups facing the same structural opportunities for inclusion. In the light of this limitation, I argue that pre-revolutionary starting points and ideological legacies largely determined groups’ perception of the revolutionary ‘opportunity’ as well as the choice of political activism pathways. Based on secondary literature and interview and social media data, I show that groups that were open to political participation before the revolution (Jabhah Islamiyya) chose to participate, while groups that rejected it (Ansar al-Shariʿa) maintained their rejection, and formerly quietist sheikhs chose to participate 8 years after the revolution while maintaining certain ideological red lines (sheikhs in the coalition Itilaf al-Karama). On this basis, the article proposes to reassess the relationship between ideology and strategy as complementary rather than exclusionary components of an agency by demonstrating how ideological legacies predispose actors to certain strategic choices through the delineation of legitimate and illegitimate paths of activism.","PeriodicalId":398229,"journal":{"name":"Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121792694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Big Man Muqtada al-Sadr: Leading the Street in Iraq under Limited Statehood 大人物穆克塔达·萨德尔:在有限国家地位下领导伊拉克街头

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2021.1956367

Kjetil Selvik, Iman Amirteimour

{"title":"The Big Man Muqtada al-Sadr: Leading the Street in Iraq under Limited Statehood","authors":"Kjetil Selvik, Iman Amirteimour","doi":"10.1080/23802014.2021.1956367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2021.1956367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article conceptualises the Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr as a big man to explain his proven capability for navigating the hazardous terrain of Iraqi politics. Introduced in Sahlins’ anthropology on Melanesia and refined in African studies, the notion of the big man has been underexploited in accounts of the Arab region. This article defends its relevance for sociopolitical analyses of Iraq and for the study of religious actors. Personal authority is the defining characteristic of a big man, and the mobilisation of followers is the key to his renown. In situations of limited statehood, the ability to build support upon extra-institutional foundations can yield long-lasting political results. Muqtada al-Sadr has relied on an exceptional combination of resources to establish himself as a kingmaker on the political scene. We trace the roots of his ascent and foreground the strategies he has used to accumulate authority in his person. The article analyses Muqtada’s response to the wave of popular protests that swept Southern Iraq in 2019, observing a shift from initial support to open confrontation with the demonstrators. We argue that this shift threatens his status because it undermines his most important power resource: the ability to lead the street.","PeriodicalId":398229,"journal":{"name":"Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116519547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Libyan Salafis and the struggle for the state 利比亚萨拉菲派和国家斗争

Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/23802014.2022.2062442

Virginie Collombier

引用次数: 3