The Journal of Ukrainian History最新文献

{"title":"«I HAVE ALREADY BECOME A CONSCIOUS UKRAINIAN FOREVER» (DMYTRO BAGALIY – THE OUTSTANDING UKRAINIAN HISTORIAN AND PUBLIC ACTIVIST)","authors":"A. Kotsur","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the most important milestones of the life and activity of the famous Ukrainian historian and public figure D. Bagaliy. It is emphasized on his contribution to the Ukrainian national revival. The scientific heritage of D. Bahaliy is analyzed. It includes about 350 works, in particular, monographs, archaeological publications, scientific articles on the history of Ukraine, historiography, archival studies, sources of sources, etc. It was emphasized, that the center of his attention was the history of Slobidska Ukraine, its socio-economic and cultural development, the heritage of H. Skovoroda, the history of Kharkiv and Kharkiv University. D. Bahaliy is the founder and leader of the scientific school of researchers of Slobozhanschyna and Left-Bank Ukraine in Kharkiv. The active social activity of the scientist as a representative of the liberal scientific intelligentsia was determined.\u0000\u0000There is haracterized the fundamental work of D. Bahaliy «The History of Slobidska Ukraine»(1918).\u0000\u0000It is about geography, ethnography, socio-economic and political life, spiritual and material culture of Slobozhanschyna, etc.\u0000\u0000There is considered the main thesis of D. Bahaliy about the unceasing civilization development from simple to more complex forms, the leading role of the masses in history. Documentalism is an important part of the scientific works of D. Bahaliy.\u0000\u0000It is highlighted the contribution of the scientist to the development of Ukrainian regional studies. His scientific contributions are presented in this context.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124601700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE POLICY OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITY AGAINST THE CREATORS OF THE UKRAINIAN CINEMATOGRAPH OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1960s - THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1980TH CENTURY","authors":"Liudmyla Khmelnytska","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to unblended analysis of sources and literature on the repressive policy of Soviet power against the representatives of Ukrainian cinema. In general, the main principles of party-state policy in the field of cinematography, including the mechanism of the influence of ideology on the cinematographic process in the Ukrainian SSR, are grounded, and the interaction between public administration and creative organizations is grounded; The main methods and forms of the repressive policy directed against the artists of Ukrainian cinema are described. The existing structure severely restricted the powers and independence of the respective republican units of management.\u0000\u0000In Ukraine, the general management of cinematography was carried out by the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR through the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR on cinematography - a union republican body that did not have the necessary independence in determining the main principles of the development of cinema art. Derzhkino's powers included economic, financial functions and control over the ideological content of film production. Derzhkinos powers included economic, financial functions and control over the ideological content of film production. It was in its structure that the Cinema Repertoire Control Inspection functioned, the decision of which depended on the fate of films: from the approval of the script to the release of the film on the screen.\u0000\u0000In those years, the practice of «film on the shelf» was extended, when films that were fully licensed for rental by all instances were fully prepared for rental, in the final version they did not satisfy the authorities, they were banned from showing. A more liberal requirement was the processing of unsatisfactory moments. The control over the repertoire of films that fell into the audience was reliant on the Main Directorate of Film and Film. The article uses the following research methods: comparative-historical, typologies, classifications, problem-chronological, objectivity, multifactor, which allow to study complex social phenomena, concrete events and facts in their dynamics.\u0000\u0000In the course of the study, it was found that during this period there was a structuring and centralization of the management system of the cinematographic industry, the general leadership of which belonged to the State Committee of the USSR. It is proved that during the years of stagnation the influence of the command-administrative system and the rigorous subordination to the principles of party ideology, which involved interference with creative processes, increase of authorizing powers of administrative structures and increase of censorship, was intensified. It was found out that after the thaw was extinguished, Ukrainian cinema was subject to strict regulation of the canons of «socialist realism».\u0000\u0000Ideological policy was secured by relevant party and state regulations, which provided a party ","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"26 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION OF STUDENTS IS IN KHARKIV UNIVERSITY IN THE FIRST HALF OF ХІХ OF CENTURY. (AFTER REMEMBRANCES OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS)","authors":"N. Sokolova","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.1","url":null,"abstract":"History of development of trade education is represented in the Emperor's Kharkiv university in the first half of ХІХ of century. Methodological basis of publication was made by the historical and dialectical methods of research.\u0000\u0000It is found out, that the Kharkiv university began work as higher educational establishment that had to give education to future officials. To the volume, in the first decade of functioning of establishment, basic attention applied not on professional preparation of future specialists, but on organizational and economic questions.\u0000\u0000It is set that at the beginning ХІХ of century faculty advisors on 70 percents consisted of foreigners, however a situation began to change in 20-30th ХІХ of century, due to preparation of young teachers and scientists university. An educational process was taken to listening of lectures and handing over of examinations. Practical employments in an university are entered only from the second half of ХІХ of century At the beginning ХІХ of century only some teachers on own initiative conducted practical employments - rehearsals, where students could get points for the successful stowage of examinations. The analysis of remembrances of teachers and students of the Kharkiv university showed that considerable part of professors had carried out the duties not properly.Students also were not interested in the scientific thoughtful piece of work, what the wretched amount of the student advanced studies, published in the first half of ХІХ of century Moreover, testifies to, most teachers did not even try to bring over listeners to the advanced study. In general, the effective method of motivation of student young people to the studies was a punishment cell. Also, in the Kharkiv university a corruption prospered with that both higher officials and some students tried to contest.\u0000\u0000It is well-proven that without regard to the constabulary orders set in an university in the days of reign of Nikolay І, in 30-50th, the pleiad of talented scientists that eulogized Ukrainian science was formed. Except that, the first student scientific groups begin in the Kharkiv university to be created, and self establishment will grow into one of centers of the Ukrainian national revival.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129369027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTIVITY OF PRINCES FROM SANGUSHKO FAMILY IN XIX – AT THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY IN VOLYN","authors":"V. Rudiuk","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the entrepreneurial activity of Sangushki in Volyn, first of all, their contribution to the industrial development of the region, the application of advanced technologies in their estates, and the peculiarities of the management of the family’s representatives and their enterprises. The branch affiliation of the factories of their Slavutsky ordination and methods of increasing the efficiency of work on them is considered. The place of enterprises of the Sangushki family in the structure of industry of Volyn province, the contribution of the princes in stimulating expansion of the network of financial and credit institutions in the region is described. The place of Sangushki at the time of the financial-industrial circles of the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries was highlighted.\u0000\u0000The activity of the Sangushko princes is considered in order to reorganize the landowner's latifundias for their transformation into modern agrarian enterprises. The influence of political events in Ukrainian provinces on the economic development of enterprises owned by representatives of this kin is highlighted. The main sources of income of Slavuta ordination in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are described.\u0000\u0000The author made a wide coverage of economic development in the vicinity of the princes Sangushko during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was noted that the main sources of income at the beginning of the nineteenth century were agricultural products (grain, fruits, vegetables, cattle, and forest), then, due to the use of modern technologies, mechanization of production using steam engines, processing of own products, obtained here at the end of the XIX century, Sangushkos managed to create an economically strong company with diversified sources of profit, since a significant part of the products was processed by local factories (paper, candle, soap, sugar, cloth, beer pitch, lumber, porcelain, refined) and distilleries, mills.\u0000\u0000The main resource base for the success of the princes as entrepreneurs served large land masses that they owned. Significant role in the achievement of economic success of Sangushkos played the application of modern technologies and methods of production, withdrawal from the traditional system of using serf labor, attracting foreign specialists. Sangushkos also created enterprises that produced the products needed to service their enterprises and the local population, among such iron ore, vinegar and paint plants.\u0000\u0000In addition, in order to stimulate the development of trade and business in the native land, Sangushkos established a system of credit pay offices, which provided loans to local residents, with preferential treatment for those who traded and serviced the needs of the population (for shoemakers, bakers, barkeepers).\u0000\u0000In addition, Sangushkos were involved in the creation of the Slavuta Commercial Bank, which served the","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"69-70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UKRAINIAN WOMEN DURING WORLD WAR I AS PRESENTED IN MODERN DAY THESIS STUDIES","authors":"M. Huk","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the development trends of the available thesis studies, which fully discuss the participation of women in the times of World War I. The methodological basis of the paper is formed by general scientific and special historical methods of logical and historiographical analysis.The papers for analysis reveal the history of women in two hostilestates, namelythe Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires.\u0000\u0000It has been determined that there have beenwritten just a few thesis paperson gender-based issuesof the period of World War I. This is currently a developing.\u0000\u0000The available studies have demonstrated that the history of women during World War I has been generally explored in the context of acts of charity and solving the everyday issues of the war-engulfed towns. It has been proven that women did not occupy a passive position in the times of war. On the contrary, they took it upon themselves to aid as much as possible and performed the generally attributed “male” functions.\u0000\u0000The scholars are unanimous in their claims that World War I challenged the society's viewpointas to the status of women. The woman was forced to run her own household and at the same timebe the breadwinner for the family. Society did not condemn such zest, but on the contrary, encouraged women's work. Women began to master new professions, which previously were considered fit only for males. A woman working at the factory, or the railroad has become a commonplace phenomenon. Business ownersused this to their own benefit. Women were paid much less than men, allowing owners to save a substantial amount.\u0000\u0000Most women distinguished themselves by doing charity. Here, theywere able to show their talents and abilities most. Women of the royal family, nobility, the intellectual elite, and peasantry worked side by side for the benefit of their own military, wounded, and refugees. «Women's Committees» took over the guardianship of families that moved and lost almost everything; took care of the children left without parents, and women who lost their husbands. These committees watched over the production of clothes for the army and refugees, collected funds for pharmaceuticals for various medical institutions. Hospitals, shelters, dormitories had their own female guardian, who saw to the order and life of these «wards».\u0000\u0000At the front lines, in hospitals, in the places of refugee dislocations they helped with the functioning of the Russian Red Cross Society. The latter attracted not only experienced nurses, but also prepared and conducted training for all those interested. The Russian Red Cross Society had its own affiliations work closely with the local women's committees, opened refugee stations, created points of evacuation, collected funds for various needs, organized charity events.\u0000\u0000Some women scoured the front lines and defended their Fatherland. The scholars provide data on 37 women which served their country at the front lines as part of the medical teams. Among them we","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114265391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}