The Journal of Ukrainian History最新文献

{"title":"HISTORIOGRAPHIC AND DOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF THE CIVIL MOVEMENT TAKEN FROM THE 7th BOOK OF EDITORIAL PORTFOLIO NAMED − «OVER A HUNDRED YEARS»","authors":"T. Nahaiko","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides both historiographical and documentary review of the editorial portfolio of the 7th unpublished book of the magazine of the historical section of the VUAN \"Over A Hundred Years.\" This unfulfilled edition contains a significant amount of valuable information about the history of the communist movement of the second half of the nineteenth century, which became an integral part of the Ukrainian national revival. The editorial office focused on the author's researches and materials that were provided by the authors for consideration in order to further publish them. Thus, the editorial portfolios of the 7th book focused on the author's scientific researches, documentary sources, epistolary heritage, and memories of the figures of Ukrainian communities and people close to them. The materials collected by the editorial office were not published since the magazine ceased to exist. However, their relevance is indisputable, because they reveal the pages of the ill-studied topic. The purpose of this research, based on the methods of historiographical and dissertational analysis, is the promulgation of up-to-date scientific information on community leaders and events, participants and witnesses of which they acted. From those very small parts of the created scientific work, available sources on the history of the Ukrainian revival, only some of the materials were published. That is why the information that has been preserved in the editorial portfolio of the 7th book of the magazine \"Over A Hundred Years\" gains its special importance. During the period of being in the Russian Empire, Ukrainian intellectuals propagandizing the idea of national separation were subjected to all kinds of oppression by the authorities. The change in the national paradigm of history, which took place in the Soviet period, for a long time made it impossible to study the Ukrainian national civil movement. That revolutionary generation, which declared the formation of its own state – the Ukrainian People's Republic, either emigrated or was repressed at the time of Stalin's terror. Because of that, significant gaps have been created in the study of the Ukrainian national renaissance and its key centers - the Communities. In the context of studying the history of the communist movement of the second half of the nineteenth century, our research attention is made up of official, private and historiographical sources contained in the editorial portfolio of the 7th book of the magazine \"Over a hundred years.\" In previous works devoted to reviewing publications in 6 existing books of this magazine, we identified the following categories: scientific articles, documents, memoirs, letters. It should be noted that these materials are both separate articles and their components are part of the structure of published scientific works. For example, official documentary sources, letters, memories, biographical materials of representatives of the communist movement act","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPRESSIVE PSYCHIATRY AS PUNITIVE AND CORRECTIVE REMEDY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE BRANCH OF THE EASTERN CHRISTIAN BAPTIST\u0000(SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)","authors":"Oksana Vysoven","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.9","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to unbiased analysis of sources and literature on the use of psychiatry in punitive and repressive purposes in the Ukrainian SSR. The article uses the following methods of research: comparative-historical, typologies, classifications, problem-chronological, etc. The first works in which the facts of the struggle of the totalitarian system with the active members of the brotherhood of the ECB began to be publicized by means of repressive psychiatry were the self-published bulletins that were periodical and published in the 70's and 80's. Soviet researchers did not mention in their works the facts of torture of believers by means of repressive medicine. Modern scholars, especially specialists in the field of psychiatry, partially re-thought and reinterpreted the crimes of repressive medicine over dissent and active members of the brotherhood of the ECB. At the same time, there is no comprehensive scientific-historical research about punitive psychiatry as a form of struggle against political opponents, and in particular with active members of the ECB in the second half of the twentieth century. There is no time for this, so we will try to fill this gap somewhat.The study found that the systematic use of psychiatry for the imprisonment of dissidents in a psychiatric hospital began in the late 1950's in connection with mass rehabilitation of political prisoners who, after returning from places of detention, openly opposed all kinds of abuse of power, lack of freedom of conscience and religion; it is proved that the Soviet regime under the psychiatric repressions was summed up the theoretical and legal basis, that led to the list of restrictions on so-called mentally ill: in professional capacity and in general, in capacity, in correspondence and many others, even if they were not brought to criminal responsibility; it was shown that in the 70-80s of the XX century. punitive and repressive machine of the totalitarian system, in the name of the leaders of the security forces and their analysts with maniacal zeal, developed anti-human torture for dissenters, the main role in their humiliation now relied on psychiatrists and their Jesuit methods based on the so-called «innovative» teaching of the Moscow school of psychiatrists A. Snezhevsky about «slowed down schizophrenia», this diagnosis was recognized only in the USSR and its satellites. Under the diagnosis of «delayed schizophrenia» could fall anyone who somehow expressed dissatisfaction with the actions of the ruling regime. It was found out that in the late 70's of the twentieth century threats with a psychiatric hospital to active believers have become systemic, especially the secret services have been pressured on the members of the Council of the Relatives of the ECB Prison, who were engaged in printing and publishing crimes of totalitarian power against humanity and freedom of conscience and religion; it is proved that in the early 1970's reports of unjustified hospi","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126755705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A HUMAN UNDER NAZI OCCUPATION OF UKRAINE: MODERN NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY","authors":"A. Ivanenko","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.14","url":null,"abstract":"Hitler occupation of Ukraine became the most difficult challenge for the Ukrainian people as the \"new order\" leaders’ aim was to eliminate the population of captured territories, to prepare a living space for the \"Aryan people\" whom Hitler and his ascendants considered the Germans to be. The policy of the Nazi regime on the occupied territories, which were regarded as an object of exploitation, oppression and robbery, led to significant changes in the practice of everyday life of the civilian population.\u0000\u0000History becomes more anthropological and it encourages the study of everyday life in order to understand holistic picture of historical events. This picture had its own peculiarities in different regions of Ukraine. In the Soviet period the issues of everyday life in occupied areas were considered fragmentarily, with the main focus on the other images - the nationwide struggle against the invaders, the moral and political unity of the Ukrainian people, the leading role of the party in fighting back the occupiers, etc. In fact, modern national scientists had to study the problem of anthropological measurements of occupation from scratch. However, in recent decades in Ukraine there has appeared a lot of historical research, the subject of which is the anthropological defining of occupation. These studies are being considered in the given article.\u0000\u0000A particular subject of research and this publication as well is certain categories of population: women, minors and intelligentsia. The existence of these categories of people in occupation has certain features that researchers disclose from different, often opposite, points of view.\u0000\u0000At the present stage various aspects of the Ukrainian peasantry life during the years of Nazi occupation are investigated by O. Potylchak, O. Perekhrest, V. Revehuk, T. Nagayko and others. The works of T. Vronska, K. Kurylyshyn, L. Kovpak, O. Isaikin, M. Herasimov, V. Kononenko, A. Yankovska and others were dedicated to the everyday life issues in the years of the Second World War and in the first post-war decade.\u0000\u0000The material, household and social spheres in the post-occupation period in different regions of Ukraine were studied by S. Galchenko, M. Dedkov, I. Spudka. However, in most of these works, the strategies of town people’s survival in the liberated territories in 1943-1945 are briefly outlined. Some researchers (T. Zabolotna, T. Nahayko, O. Savitska, V. Yakovenko) emphasize the everyday life of individual cities.\u0000\u0000I. Vetrov researched the economic robbery of the national economy and the population of Ukraine by invaders. Some aspects of the social policy of occupiers are highlighted in the study of O. Potylchak.\u0000\u0000M. Shevchenko, V. Hedz conducted a study of \"female\" narrative sources. Nowadays there are two directions of coverage of children lives during the occupation. The first direction is represented by D. Slobodynsky, who assumes that the state of children during the Nazi occupation of Ukraine was unbearable.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127419762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF G. D. KAZMIRCHUK (IN VIEW OF THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY)","authors":"A. Kotsur, M. Kazmyrchuk","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.20","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the life and creative path of the outstanding Ukrainian historian, Professor Grygorii D. Kazmyrchuk, who turns 75 years old. He has devoted more than 30 years of teaching to Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, a well-known Decembrists-scholar, historiographer and researcher of his native village of Kalknyk. The article also covers the genus of the hero of the anniversary, his family circle. A brief historical note was given of GrygoriiDmitrovich's hometown of Kalknyk village, where he was born, thanking the Kalnitsky community, investigating his history.\u0000\u0000Grygorii D. Kazmyrchuk is the founder of the School of Decembrists Studies at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. His works are widely known abroad. The hero of the anniversary actively cooperates with the international community in the study of various history issues. He trained more than 10 candidates in this direction (A. Kulikovska, R. Lavrenyuk, A. Verbovy, L. Gubitsky, O. Lyapina, Iu. Latysh and others). Active participants of the Decembrist school were: O. Rafalsky, A. Silkin, Yu. Shlapak, V. Smirnov, T. Orlova and others. The hero of the anniversary for the first time gave the definition of the Decembrist school, developed the periodization of Decembrists movement and conducted biographical researches of the Decembrists and historians of the Decembrists (V. Bazylevych, V. Romanovsky, J. Germayze and others). Grygorii D. Kazmyrchukorganized of more than 10 congresses on Decembrists movement – «Decembrist Readings». He resumed and continued publishing papers collections of «Decembrists in Ukraine» (five papers collections appeared under his leading). G. D. Kazmyrchuk and O. P. Reent, who Headed of the Department of History of Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, developed a project devoted to the emergence of the Decembrist movement and held 5 International conferences on this problem. Now the project «Ukrainian Decembrist School 1825-2019» is being actively developed. G. D. Kazmyrchuk participates in the international project «Russian Decembrist Studies in Persons 1825 – 2019», where biographies of Decembrists of Ukraine of the ХIX and ХХ centuries are highlighted.\u0000\u0000Kazmyrchuk G. D. is an elder of the Kalynitsky Cossack Regiment and an honored researcher of local lore of Ukraine. He is the author of regional studies on the history of the Kalnyk village and the Kalnitsky Cossack Regiment etc. For example, the latest edition «Kalnycky Cossack Regiment (1648–1712)» (2019) is devoted to the history and the battle route of Kalnik people.\u0000\u0000His research interests are focus on History of Ukraine, Local History, Historiography, Bibliography, World History, Social History, Biography, Shevchenko Studies, Decembrist Studies, History of University and History of Education etc.\u0000\u0000The hero of the anniversary has a rich life experience, which is h","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"356 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125642516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FROM THE DUBOVICHI LIFE: REPRESSIONS AGAINST THE CHURCH IN THE 1920-1930'S.","authors":"L. Ivanchenko","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.16","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the author reveals fragments of the study about repressions of the 1920s and 1930s against the churches, as an institution of society, against the clergy, church services, active parishioners of one of the settlements in Sumy Region(Dubovichi village). Self-identification and peaceful living under the laws of honor in the socialist regime led to the destruction of employed citizens and clergy who lived by vocation and by traditional moral principles. After all, it was they - conscious citizens, intellectuals, who \"threaten\" the terrorist plot of the Bolshevik authorities on the territory of Ukraine.\u0000\u0000Special attention was to the citizens who supported Tikhonovsk and Ukrainian autocephalous Orthodox churches. The parishioners of these churches were in principle affirmative. \"Tikhonovtsi\" decided religious uncompromising, \"autocephalous\" were nationalistic. Those and others did not perceive the Bolsheviks. Both opposed the political regime. Everyone who was in contact or was attached to these groups was prosecuted and arrested with special severity. Under the repressions were relatives and neighbors. Blackmail of single persons and family, voluminous and falsification documents, taking hostages. That was happening with all who was not controlled during the formation of the Soviet power. Over the 50 people from Dubovichi village and their families fell under the pressure of repressions. Most of them were sentenced to death. Just few of them returned from exile and settled in distant places from their native village.\u0000\u0000Dubovichi village has a centuries-long history. Best known it is in the religious environment through the icon of Dubovytsi's Mother of God. The miraculous image of the Virgin was discovered in the middle of the 17th century. And the glory about it spread far beyond the then Russian empire. Church leaders from Kiev, from Chernigov gathered at the procession during the celebrations of 1861. The pilgrimage to the icon in Dubovich was round-the-year. Copies from the list of the Virgin Mary Dubovitskaya were in the St. Sophia Cathedral of Kyiv. Information about the icon was printed in church calendars and metropolitan directories of pilgrims. The grand stone church of the Nativity of the Virgin in 1777 in the center of the village, it was the pease of architectural art that was rare in the countryside. As evidenced by foreign sources, the parish church was kind of fortress. It was surrounded by a brick fence with four towers in corners. The entrance to the churchyard was through the gates that were under the bell. There were burials around the temple. Marble monuments were raised on the graves. Icons in the temple were in different kyots, precious stones. Church property included a number of priest clothing, silverware. In the village there were three temples. This provided the opportunity for the parish to have six priests, several clerks and psalms in the state. All were destroyed until 1940, despite the architectural val","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115654482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAW AND CHURCH IN MEDIEVAL UKRAINE","authors":"Valeryi Lastovskyi","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116582048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF PEREYASLAV-KHMELNYTSKY BAKERY IN 1977–1985","authors":"V. Shakula","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.18","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the peculiarities of the activity of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky bakery in the period from 1977 to 1985, when Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky bakery at the food factory was reorganized into an independent enterprise. This theme has been studied already fragmentarily by such scholars as M. Sikorsky, D. Shvydky, I. Goncharenko, O. Goncharenko, N. Onoprienko, but fundamentally is developed for the first time.\u0000\u0000In the process of work, the author used methods of search, analysis, synthesis and generalization, which allowed to investigate the problem and find out some facts from the history of the enterprises. The purpose of this study was to establish the peculiarities of the production activity of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky bakery in the period of its establishment as an independent food enterprise through an analytical review of archival sources, publications of periodicals and systematization of the information received. According to the intended purpose, the following tasks are set: to investigate the history of the functioning of the Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky bread factory in 1977-1985, to establish the main directions of the development of production and personnel policy, to identify the features of the range, directions and problems of its implementation.\u0000\u0000It was revealed that during this period of its production, Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky bakery has undergone a long path of formation and development: from a small half-baked of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky foodstuff factory, that baked bread in brick burning stoves on solid fuels to a powerful enterprise, that works on high-tech equipment and provides high-quality bakery products, not only to the population of the city of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky and the district, but also to the nearest settlements of Boryspil, Baryshiv, Yagotyn districts of the Kyiv region, Zolotonosha and Drabiv districts of Cherkasy region. It is important that the gross output figures increase each year. The range of bakery products and the quality of products have increased significantly, despite the periodic problems associated with providing the bakery with quality raw materials and fuel materials for continuous operation. This influenced positively the economic performance of the enterprise and the entire region. It was also established that the administration of the bakery in the specified period paid special attention to the increase of professional qualifications of its employees, improvement of conditions and safety of their work, legal education and social security of people, which significantly reduced the percentage of personnel turnover. It was emphasized, that the important point of the backery's activity was the re-equipment of sanitary rooms and food units, because of the duration of work shift on bakery department was 24 hours for workers. Workers were provided by quality rest during lunch breaks. It has been proved, that the modernization of industrial baking equipment was not actually carried out at this time, if ","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117339904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CONTRIBUTION OF A.P. ALEKSANDROV \u0000IN THE STUDY OF DNIPRO RAPIDS","authors":"Oleksandr Horbovyy","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the contribution of Anatoliy Petrovych Aleksandrov (1903-1994) to the study of the Dnipro rapids. Biographical and comparative methods were used during writing this article.\u0000\u0000The rapids of river Dnipro occupy a prominent place in the history and culture of Ukraine. And because of this, they are constantly attract attention to themselves, even after their flooding.Researchers of the Dnipro try to fully reproduce the picture of a river as much as possible. But it seems that the experience of A.P. Aleksandrov have not been studied yet.\u0000\u0000A.P. Aleksandrov lived a bright and extraordinary life. He became an outstanding physicist and renowned scientist in the field of atomic energy. His achievements were highly praised by his contemporaries, who elected a scientist as president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1975-1986). In the study of his biographies, the main focus is on the scientific and technical aspects of it.Besides that, a fun and exciting scientist's hobby is beyond the detailed research – boat trips along the Dnipro river. Especially often he rested this way during living in Kiev (1903-1930 years).\u0000\u0000In the 1920's A.P. Aleksandrov had very busy life: he taught physics and chemistry at the labor school №79 (1923-1930), studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Kyiv People's University (1924-1930), conducted scientific research at the Kyiv X-ray Institute, falsified in the electro-technical bureau at a physical-chemical school club, etc. Still, he somehow managed to combine good with pleasure and had a chance to rest on the bank of Dnipro river on his lovely boat every summer. At first – near Kiev, and later – on the Dnipro rapids themselves.\u0000\u0000According to Aleksandrovs memories and documents from the archive of the Institute of Manuscripts of the National Library of Ukraine named after V.I. Vernads'kyy, we managed to establish that the scientist visited the rapids of Dnipro every summer during four years before it was flooded. At first, probably in 1926, he went to rapids with only one friend. They wanted to see them and, if possible, go down through them. In 1927-1929 as a photographer, he participated in the expedition of A.S. Synyavs'kyy, who was to explore the rapids before flooding. In 1927 the expedition shot a film about the rapids and the Dnipro hydroelectric power station. The expedition was held in the summer of 1930, but without Anatoliy Petrovych. In August 1930 he participated in the First All-Union Congress of Physicists in Odessa and later he moved to Leningrad.\u0000\u0000During the first trip to the rapids, A.P. Aleksandrov and his friend almost drowned at the Kodats'kyy rapids. Fortunately, friends quickly learned how to swim between granite rocks. At the same time, they not only went down the flow with a boat, but also rose against it.\u0000\u0000In historical studies, the ability to swim bottom-up dipper rapids up until recently was considered a very controversial issue. Ya.R. Dashkevych writes tha","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127690770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KYIV PUBLIC VEGETARIAN CANTEENS IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY","authors":"Olena Pyvovarenko","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.3","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time the article reflects a research on the launch of public vegetarian canteens by Kyiv Vegetarian Society in the beginning of the 20th century. For now, there are no particular researches on this topic.\u0000\u0000Having used chronological, statistical, deductive and system analysis methods, we believe, that the launching of the First Vegetarian Canteen in Kyiv was proved to be inextricably linked to the foundation of Kyiv Vegetarian Society. Moreover, the fact of opening the canteen is a history of this Society.\u0000\u0000It has been discovered, that considering the inertness of the vegetarian community, this project succeeded solely due to the efforts of true enthusiasts of the vegetarian idea, M. Pudavov and his wife K. Kondrakovska. They united Kyiv supporters of the vegetarian idea into the Society and became both founders and main investors of the First Vegetarian Canteen in Kyiv, which gained an official name ‘the Canteen of Kyiv Vegetarian Society Council’.\u0000\u0000Unfortunately, their efforts weren’t evaluated properly, but even were generally subjected to contempt. M. Pudavov, who was a Head of Kyiv Vegetarian Society, was accused of the fact, that he actually established a private canteen, abusing official authority. Although, there are no doubts, that M. Pudavov acted in the interests of the Society and suggested to transfer the canteen to the Society’s property. But members of the Society expressed their interest only when the canteen became profitable. As a result of long debates, Kyiv Vegetarian Society got profitable the First Canteen for free and enjoyed benefits. The Canteen became the main funds provider. This money allowed the Society, as a collective owner, to open a chain of successful canteens.\u0000\u0000The premises of the foundation and stages of canteens’ development were traced. Thus, in two years from its opening, the First Canteen served 700 people every day. Such success prompted the Society to open the second canteen in 1911. Very soon it started to show similar to the First Canteen growth rate. In 1914 the third canteen was opened. Later on the Society opened the fourth canteen, but due to occupation of Kyiv in 1916, it had to suspend its functioning. Concerning other three canteens, they proceeded even in such harsh conditions and showed quite good results.\u0000\u0000The addresses of these canteens were discovered. Based on discovered and reflected in the article statistical data, the dynamics of visiting and profitability growth were analyzed. They didn’t slow down neither in the conditions of high competition, nor during World War I crisis. Moreover, during the War there was an increase in the attendance of public vegetarian canteens. General crisis of food supply heavily affected prices. Vegetables and greens were usually cheaper than meet products and this fact increased popularity of vegetarian places. In these canteens people could get lunch for lower price than in a traditional one.\u0000\u0000The commercial success of the Kyiv public vegetaria","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"216 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132147979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORTHODOX RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS AND HISTORY OF ORTHODOX PILGRIMAGE IN UKRAINE","authors":"M. Kazmyrchuk","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.10","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine has very old Orthodox religious traditions, as well as a long and stormy history of Orthodox pilgrimage. Just like in Spain and Italy, where pilgrimage routes in Santiago de Compostela and Via Francigena are popular today, Ukraine should popularize its own pilgrimage history. Numerous ancient holy places and shrines of Russia, Cossacks period, the Ukrainian lands under the Russian Empire, the Soviet period are waiting for their pilgrims today.\u0000\u0000Despite the growing interest in religious travel, there is no analysis of Orthodox religious traditions and the history of Orthodox pilgrimage in Ukraine in historiography. Only certain issues of the problem are covered, mainly on the history of religion.\u0000\u0000Religious journeys has a long tradition. This is not a new phenomenon. Orthodox religious traditions in Ukraine are very old and are associated with the development of the main religion – Orthodoxy. The pilgrimage has been rapidly intensified and has received a legal framework since the days of Kievan Rus and until the present days. Many prominent pilgrims are known in the history of Ukraine. Among of them: the Kiev Grand Duchess Olga the Monk Anthony of Caves, Varlaam Pechersky, Saint Ephraim of the Caves, bishop of Pereyaslav, Vasyl Hryhorovych-Barskyi and others.Since ancient times, Ukrainians can be proud of their immemorial shrines, which attracted many pilgrims. Among them: the saints canonized in Kievan Rus’, the Kiev-Pechersky Monastery and many others.\u0000\u0000The tradition of Orthodox pilgrimage has become an integral part of the life of the Ukrainian people, despite the numerous obstacles that have arisen in the historical development of Ukraine. The full history of the Orthodox pilgrimage can not be analyzed in one article. There are many more questions that need to be discussed. It is necessary to pay attention to other religions and their traditions of pilgrimage in the history of Ukraine, as they developed in close cooperation with Orthodoxy in the territory of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133468689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}