The Journal of Ukrainian History最新文献

{"title":"ETHNOCULTURAL STUDIES OF L. ZALIZNYAK (1991-2018)","authors":"Yuriy Fihurnyi, Olga Shakurova","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the ethnocultural problems in the scientific works of L. Zalizniak, published by them in 1991-2018. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism and historical retrospective. Also, the researchers applied comparative-analytical, systemic-structural, objective-subjective, biographical, concrete-generalization, chronological, concrete-historical, retrospective and other methods of research. The researcher was interested in the problem of the origin of the Ukrainian people with the arrival to the Institute of Ukrainian Studies in 1992. The fruitful cooperation with the Institute of Ukrainian Studies of the Kyiv University named after Taras Shevchenko and other scientific institutions helped the scientist to form his own vision of the Ukrainian ethnogenetic process. For a quarter century of work on the topic in the conditions of the Ukrainian state, L. Zaliznyak creatively substantiated and developed the early-medieval conception of the origin of the Ukrainian people founded by M. Hrushevsky. During this long time, L. Zalizniak's ethno-cultural studios have become a solid, stable and reliable ground for the modern concept of ethnogenesis of Ukrainians. The scholar highlights the following basic provisions of this ethnogenetic theory: 1) The peoples are ethnocultural organisms that pass through the life cycle from birth through childhood, maturity, old age to ethnic disintegration and assimilation by other ethnic groups; 2) The age of ethnos determines the ethno-cultural continuity of its development, which is established with the help of a complex of sources and methods of various paleo-historical disciplines (archeology, historical sources, linguistics, ethnography, anthropology, etc.); 3) The birth of large ethnic groups in the middle of Europe occurred in the early Middle Ages; 4) The tribal stage of the development of European ethnic groups began at the dawn of the Middle Ages and ended in the IX-X centuries the emergence of their first states - English, French, Czech, Serbian, Croatian, Polish, Russian; 5) The state-owned people of the empire may generate daughters in the provinces of the empire controlled by them. They arose as a result of the synthesis of local traditions with the culture and language of the imperial people-conqueror, and began their own historical existence from the moment of separation from the empire. They arose as a result of the synthesis of local traditions with the culture and language of the imperial people-conqueror, and began their own historical existence from the moment of separation from the empire. So the Romans gave rise to the Romanesque group of peoples, and the ancient Ukrainian (Russian) princely Kievan group of Eastern Slavs (Belarusians, Pskov-Novgorod, Russians). According to L. Zalizniak, in Eastern Europe there really existed a cradle of three fraternal peoples. Newborn Belarussians, Pskov-Novgorodians and Russians sat there, and their father, a pro-Ukrain","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"29 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120991769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FINAL STAGE OF FIGHTING THE SOVІET TOTALITАRY REGIMЕ AGAINST UKRAINІАN AUТOCEPHALAL ORТНODOХ CHURСH (SECOND HАLF ОF THE 1930'S)","authors":"Nina Brekhunets","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.5","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to analyze the final stage of the struggle of a totalitarian regime against the Ukrainіаn Аutocephаlous Orthodoох Churсh (hereinafter referred to as the UAOC) in the second half of the 1930's. as an integral part of the so-called «Great Terror» of 1937-1938. An unbiased study of the repressive policies of Stalin's power against the UAOC was carried out on the basis of the scientific principles of historicism and historical retrospective, historical-historical, historical-historical, historical-situational methods of research were applied. The historiographic and source of the problem is analyzed in a concise way. The dеvеlоpment and decline of the UAOC during the 1920s and the first half of the 1930's and its dіfficult relatіоns with the Soviet authorities were briefly outlined. The features of the final stage of the struggle of the totalitarian regіmе of the UAOC in the sеcond half of the 30's of the twеntieth century are revеаled as part of the «Great Terror».\u0000\u0000The conclusions state that the «Great Terror» of 1937-1938 was a terrible tragedy for most of the inhabіtаnts of the USSR as a whole, and for Ukrainians in particular. Although the totalitarian regime granted its citizens the «Stalin's Constitution» in 1936 which promised a large number of rights and freedoms, including the independence of the churсh from the stаte, freеdom of religіоn, etc., and de facto, everything solved Y. Stalin, who initiated the repressive apparatus of the NKVD at full capacity. The current society was subjected to systematic and planned repressions that took the lives and health of millions of USSR citizens. Not only individuals, but also entire organizations, including religіоus onеs, fell into this hоrrible dеаth press. The UAOC, which has been created by the significant influence of the Ukrainian Revolutіоn events in 1917-1921 as a kind of modern church structure, was Ukrainian in spirit and form, and got rеspect for national history and culture. It became an important object of the «Great Terror».\u0000\u0000Despite the fact that during the second half of the 20's - the first half of the 30's of the twentieth centur, the UAOC was consistently persecuted and destroyed by the repressive structures of the USSR. It remained a Ukrainian religious organization and professed concerns for Ukraine. Its hierarchs and priests in their sermons urged parishioners to be Ukrainians, respect their native language, history, customs and traditions. As a consequence, the Soviet authorities decided to completely exclude the UAOC, and ordered the repressive bodies to end the so-called «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists» in cassocks. So the «Spiritual» case was fabricated to discredit «Ukrainian counterrevolutionary nationalist fascist organization’s» activities. By linking the nationalist fascist organizations to the UAOC with the NKVD, a totalitarian regime, they tried to convince society of its terrorist-nationalist activity. These rigged insinuations Stalin’s ","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES OF THE STUDY OF THE SOVIET PERIOD IN HISTORY UKRAINIAN GRECO-CATHOLIC CHURCH","authors":"Taras Pshenychnyy","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.7","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of contemporary humanitarian science takes place under the influence of a wide range of processes that affect the human consciousness, stirring up interest in it in the knowledge of a new, in understanding its past. Recent events that filled the Ukrainian society, actualized the demands of the people to history in their local and global dimensions. Being under the constant influence of the mass media, who often submit a limited interpretation of the facts, a contemporary Ukrainian citizen has a desire for a creative study of the experiences of past generations. The hybrid Russian-Ukrainian War convincingly emphasized that knowledge of its own history is an integral part of the national security of the state, which can be built by anyone who considers Ukraine as their homeland, identifies with it a story of its kind.\u0000\u0000In studying the history of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Soviet era, historical science enjoys both generally accepted and special methodological principles that emerged during the second half of the twentieth century. in the environment of both Ukrainian scientific emigration and post-Soviet era. It clearly reflects the historical background of the period and its impact on the functioning of scientific institutions, the formation of scientific research areas, etc. Among the key issues was the study of the historiographical description of the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the UGCC, the Greek Catholic underground, the dissident movement in its environment. It was in the environment of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic emigration that the themes of such studies were born, which later only entered the western historiography, and hence the contemporary historical thought. Each of them contained some emotional coverage of the problem, and somewhere with elements of the archaic approach to highlighting the complex issues of the history of Ukrainian Greek Catholicism. However, in our opinion, this is perhaps the best way to understand the essence of the liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church and the repression against its episcopate, monasticism, clergy, etc.\u0000\u0000The article also focuses on the special terminology that should be used in the study of Ukrainian Greek Catholicism in the Soviet era. In particular, terms such as „unbreakable”, „Catacomb Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church”, „catacomb period of the UGCC”, „the history of the elimination of the UGCC” are highlighted and interpreted.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128224204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BECKMANN'S FAMILY CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN MOTOR TRANSPORT AT THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY","authors":"M. Gutnyk, K. Chrzan","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.17","url":null,"abstract":"he formation of the automotive industry in Europe in the early twentieth century was considered. The data about car development in Great Britain, France and Germany is given. It was shown how the automobile racing influenced on the development of cars, in particular the transition from cars creation with a steam engine to cars creation with an internal combustion engine. More and more people became interested in this type of transportation. It was shown that at that time in Europe there were many workshops where cars were developed by scientists-innovators. Among such pioneers of the car industry is to Beckman's family. The activity of this family starting from Paul Beckman to his son Otto Jr. and even his daughter Ilse is presented. To date, it is extremely limited information about Beckmann's family contribution to the automotive industry in Europe. It was Paul Beckmann who started constructing cars in Wroclaw. At the factory which was founded by his father the production of both as small cars and as trucks and even sports was organized. It is noted that before the beginning of the World War I the most efficient cars developed a speed of up to 95 km/h. Beckmann's family cars became prize-winners of the international competitions of that time. It is stated that Paul Beckman can be considered the initiator of a safety belt. His cars were equipped with special leather straps. It should be noted that the company successfully developed and had a dealer network in Germany, Poland and Russia. During the interwar period, the company collapsed and was bought by a larger brand. However, Otto Jr., son of Paul Beckman, continued to take care of a family business. Today there is only one car with the mark of the Wroclaw car factory.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129103911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE NUTRITION OF ST. VLADIMIR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS","authors":"T. Samchuk","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article depicts the peculiarities of St. Vladimir University students’ nutrition in the years 1834-1863. The main aim of the research to show how nutrition differentiated among students community and how different types of diet influenced everyday life of them. That’s why the types of nutrition of two main students’ groups (who were educated and maintained by the state and students who studied at their own expense) are analyzed in the article. Special attention is paid to the question of the diet, the peculiarities of the regime, organization, and nutrition value of products for students. For example, budget students had a fixed schedule of eating. Their breakfast started at 7 am. It was only a small loaf and a cup of tea. The students had completely the same dinner at 6 or 7 pm. The main portion of the food they received for a lunch. Typical lunch included primarily liquid food (soup with beetroots, beans, peas, meat or fish), then students received the main dish. Usually, it was roasted meat or fish with potatoes or other side dishes. The university administration hired special servants for questions connected with budget students’ nutrition. The main role of supplying food for students’ table played a provisor. He also hired all staff (cooks, bakers, lackeys), who cooked and served food for students. Presence of servants was a special reason to approach students to noble culture because it was thought that the main ideal for student behavior was connected with noble traditions.\u0000\u0000It was defined that budget students had well-organized nutrition system, nevertheless, the quality of products and quantity of food weren’t at a high level. That’s why students often complain about tasteless, little nutritious food. Calculation count of calories in budget students’ food showed that they hadn’t received the right amount of calories. From time to time the university administration tried to improve students’ nutrition, but it hadn’t worked because they couldn’t raise the level of funding. At the result, in 1858 the university administration stopped to supply students with food and started to pay scholarships. After this decision, the specificity of nutrition for all students became the same. The majority of students in 1863 had problems with nutrition this shows statistics from that year.\u0000\u0000The author points out that except typical diet students had a special hospital and disciplinary cell diets. If the hospital diet was pretty much the same as the normal meal, the disciplinary cell diet included only a piece of bread and water. It is also important to emphasize that students had to follow all religious rules. That’s why they kept all fasts. During that fasting time eating meat and fats were forbidden and students’ nutrition becomes worse.\u0000\u0000At the same time, a lot of students who studied at their own expense had another system of nutrition. For example, rich students had perfect food and they visited restaurants and had their own cooks and lackeys, nex","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128088743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION INTELLIGENCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATION OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC: ANOMALY, FOBIA, PATHOLOGY AND DEVIATION (1921-1939)","authors":"O. Zubko","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.4","url":null,"abstract":"The informal reflection of the transformation of the life positioning of the emigrants from Ukraine is, mostly part, the prerogative of social psychology and sociology. While the question of interpersonal relations is primarily the indicator of political moods, and, moreover, the indicator of everyday life in the historical context.\u0000\u0000And it is well know the routine transforms into a center of active cultural genesis in the watershed years: in the collisions of social disorder, the outline of the Future is born and form. In turn, when in a real life the established connections are broken, something like that happen in the human psyche.\u0000\u0000The \"Achilles heel\" of the historiography of studying the transformation of the life positioning emigrants from Ukraine in the Czechoslovak Republic (and note, the emigrants from Ukraine in general) is a surprisingly weak reflection of their behavioral history. The interpersonal communication among Ukrainian emigrants was, first of all, historical action – that had a tendency to repeat, as opposed to an event that had the features of extraordinary and non-repeatability. The representatives schools of symbolic interactionism and phenomenological sociology, turned to interpersonal communication for they the atoms of social interaction were, in fact, the actors, their actions, and reactions to the actions of each other: M. Weber, T. Parsons and A. Shchyuts.\u0000\u0000Although the Ukrainian interwar Prague emigration was, mostly, a political emigration, it unquestioningly follows the general emigration trends of the 1920s-1930s. Thus, in the first instance, especially in the culminated years of the \"Russian Aid Action\" (1921-1925), the life of the Ukrainian emigration community of the Czechoslovak Republic became to stabilize, was imbued with by the \"concept of rapid return\" through. In 1925-1928, Ukrainian emigration are affected \"turnaround\". The 1930s brought new troubles: the global economic crisis (delayed until 1935), and the Second World War was knocked on the door of Ukrainian exiles in 1938.\u0000\u0000The 1920s were, in fact, really \"golden years\" in Europe. After the First World War in Czechoslovak Republic became an era of prosperity and prosperity, did not become an exception.Outlined prosperity and well-being have proven themselves, first of all, due to the introduction of technical innovations in ordinary Czechoslovaks: radio receivers, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, and others. On the other hand the 1930s, on the other hand, made some adjustments in the life of the interwar Chinese SSR. A country, focused on the relations with all the nations, was precipitated by the global economic crisis, which, in addition drag on to 1935. Czechoslovakia had to reckon with access to the proscenium of the world history of monsters-dictatorships.\u0000\u0000Ukrainian interwar emigration for the level and can be divided into three categories. Ukrainian emigration doctors proved most taciturn interlocutors in informal communicatio","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDYING UKRAINIAN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. VOLODYMIR","authors":"N. Sokolova","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.1","url":null,"abstract":"The process of teaching Ukrainian history at the University of St. Volodymyr during the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. The methodological basis of the publication was the historical and dialectical methods of research.\u0000\u0000It was found that during the 19h century at the University of St. Volodymyr's Ukrainian history was taught in the context of Russian history. And only at the beginning of the 20th century the teaching staff and students made an attempt to organize the work of the Department of History of Ukraine, which proved to be unsuccessful.\u0000\u0000It was established that in the Nykolay era only Russian history was taught, based on the imperial ideals of the existence of a single Russian people, whose ethnic minorities were Ukrainians and Belarusians. Teaching was conducted at a low professional level. The situation changed dramatically with the advent of V. Antonovich's Department of Russian History, who not only studied Ukrainian history independently, but also offered her to explore her students. So, in the second half of the nineteenth century future well-known Ukrainian historians M. Dashkevich, P. Golubovsky, V. Danilevich, M. Hrushevsky written a series of works devoted to the history of some ancient Russian principalities. These students received gold medal awards for their studies. Their hypotheses have not lost their relevance in our time.\u0000\u0000Under the guidance of V. Ikonnikov, Kyiv students began to actively explore certain historical monuments from the Ukrainian past. At the beginning of the 20th century teachers V. Danilevich and P. Golubovsky developed separate courses on the history of Ukraine.\u0000\u0000Іt is proved that in the student's works (abstracts, coursework, semicircular) the Russian history is mainly covered. Ukrainian issues are limited to the Old Russian period. Most of these works are of a compilative nature and written in the context of Russian historiography. Only after the revolutionary events of 1917 the former students of the University of St. Volodymyr, well-known domestic scientists will focus on studying the problems of Ukrainian history, putting forward new hypotheses and recognizing Ukrainians as separate peoples.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131485923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MUSEUM THEMATICS IN THE LETTERS OF M. SIKORSKY IN THE 70`S OF THE XX TH - AT THE BEGINNING OF XXI CENT. (ON THE BASIS OF THE STOCK COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAHIC RESERVE «PEREYASLAV»)","authors":"Tetiana Hrudevich","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.15","url":null,"abstract":"According to this article, there is an analysis of museum thematics in the letters of M. Sikorsky in the 70's. of the XX th – at the beginning of XXI cent. (on the basis of the stock collection of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve \"Pereyaslav\"). There are comparative and historical-chronological methods used here, that allowed to make a comprehensive study of important scientific issues were applied. The main purpose of the study is to cover the formation of museums in correspondence with M. Sikorsky with figures of culture and art, scholars, museum workers and educators in the second half of the twentieth centur - at the beginning of the XXI th century, and the important role of the museum ascetic in the creation and development of new museums. In particular, the focus is on the creation of museums \"Classics of Jewish Literature of Sholom Aleichem\", \"Museum of peaceful exploration of space\", \"Museum of Science and Technique\", and letters that M. Sikorsky wrote and received. A certain number of letters from the personal archive of M. I. Sikorsky related to the history of the creation and activity of the museum complex in Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky, in the funds of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve \"Pereyaslav\", were discovered. Also there some data on the pages of his life, public, professional path are revealed, and his contribution to the development of the museum business in Pereyaslavl region are described. It is shown that M. Sikorsky belongs to the number of prominent figures of Ukrainian culture and museum affairs, and international community are interested in his personality and significant museum and scientific achievements. This interest in the personality of M. Sikorsky and his significant achievements in the field of ethnicity preservation is widely and clearly reflected in his correspondence with foreigners and foreign museum institutions and foreign scientists and intellectuals.","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125250081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BELARUSIAN FACTOR IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PARTIZAN ASSOCIATION OF SUMY (1941‑1944)","authors":"Olexii Verbovyi","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.15","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to study the Belarusian factor in the activity of one of the largest in the number and the most diverse in national composition partisan formation of the period of the Second World War ‑ the Sumy partisan union (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union, S. A. Kovpak).\u0000\u0000First of all, the relevance of the problem is determined, the state of study of the history of the Soviet partisan resistance movement during the Second World War in general and its certain aspects in particular. It is emphasized on the multinational personnel as a characteristic feature of the Soviet partisan formations of Ukraine.\u0000\u0000During the study of the problem, the basic source was a complex of documents from the fund of the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak (Sumy Partisan Union), which is kept in the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine.\u0000\u0000Using the historical method, the general scientific methods of comparison, analysis, synthesis, on the basis of archival sources, memoirs and scientific works, shows the participation of citizens of Belarusian nationality in the personnel of the compound (divisions), traces the dynamics of the number of Belarusians, determines their place and correlation with other nationalities.\u0000\u0000It is proved that from the first days of the creation of this unit as a partisan detachment in September 1941 and till disbandment as a guerrilla division in November 1944, the fighters of Belarusian nationality ranked third place in its staff.\u0000\u0000The path of passing and location of the connection (division) on the territory of Byelorussia is traced. It was determined that its combat, sabotage and intelligence activities were in the Gomel, Pinsk and Polissya regions. It was associated mostly with raids on the territory of the Right Bank and Western Ukraine.\u0000\u0000The chronological boundaries of the activity of the Sumy partisan compound (the 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division named after the Hero of the Soviet Union S. A. Kovpak) on the territory of Belarus cover the period from November 1942 till July 1944, with interruptions. Combat operations of the union (division) on the territory of Belarus are revealed, in particular, the defeat of hostile garrisons and the capture of settlements. Sabotage activity on main railways and on highways was investigated.\u0000\u0000The presence of the union (division) on the territory of Byelorussia during the period of preparation for the exit to the Carpathian raid in June 1943 and after the returning from the Lviv-Warsaw raid in April 1944 are highlighted. Examples of the attitude of the local population towards the partisans of the Sumy Union, facts of looting of individual fighters and so on. The main aspects of the relationship between Ukrainian partisans and local partisan groups are also described. The issue of establishing a connection between the Sumy partisan union and local Belarusian partisan detachm","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127328527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HORSE HARNESSES AND RIG OF THE END OF XIX BEG. XX CENTURY IN FUNDS OF NATIONAL HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL RESERVE «PEREYASLAV» BY I. CHORNYI","authors":"Tetiana Hrudevich, L. Shkira","doi":"10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.40.10","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study of this article is to highlight the history of the discovery of horse harnesses and rig at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and their characteristics. That objects belonged to Chorniyfamily from Kiev and were transferred in 1979 to create an exposition of museums. Presently, the items of horse harnesses and harnesses from the stock collection NHER «Pereyaslav» are exhibited in the museums «Postal Station», «Museum of the National Land Transport of the Middle Dnieper».These museums are located on the territory of the first Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of the Middle Dnieper, established in 1964 in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi city and is the part of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereyaslav». This collection has been gathering for decades. Mikhail Zham (1927–2002) was an ideological inspiration and active collector of horse harness and rigs. Among the large number of horse ruminant, which is in the exposition of museums, there are 25 harnesses and rigsof I. Chorniy. At the beginning of the twentieth century Ivan Chorny, like his father was. I. Chorny, was engaged in camping, had a camping and caravan artillery, a large collection of vehicles, horse harnesses and rigs.\u0000\u0000Horse rigs – a collection of items for harness, as well as a way to harness them. Rigs should be distinguished from harness, which is a more general term and includes both objects and accessories for harnessing, and for hanging horses and other animals (for horseback riding, or the use of pets). Among the items (harnesses and rigs) belonging to the Black family are:\u0000\u0000Yoke – a cervical part of a horse's rigs, through which the weight of the transported cargo is transmitted to the horse's neck. There are four in their collection.\u0000\u0000The arc is a part of a horse's rigs from a bent trunk of a tree, which serves to attach a hawk (one of the two poles, attached to the ends of the front of the car's vehicle) to the yoke. There are three of them.\u0000\u0000Squares – a long belt, a rope, etc., by which horses are ruled, fixed on both sides to the bridle. The stock collection consists of four units of the box.\u0000\u0000Bridle («knot») – a piece of harness, which is worn on the animal's head to control it. The collection consists of five pieces of bridles.\u0000\u0000Breast-bandis a long belt that covers the horse's body and holds the band from slipping around the neck, for example, during descent from the mountain, braking. The collection has four units.\u0000\u0000Сherezsidelko- a strap that passes through a saddle from one hole to the other, supporting them.\u0000\u0000Saddle – a part of the rig, in the form of a pillow, which is enclosed under the cherezsidelko. Serves to convey force on the back of a horse. There are 3 of them in collection.\u0000\u0000Attention is focused on the features of manufacturing, material, technology, and the analysis of harnesses and rigs were made. Also, authors focus on the fact that, depending on the used harness, rigs are divided into: «holobelʹn","PeriodicalId":397318,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Ukrainian History","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131152984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}