{"title":"Women's Movements","authors":"Almudena Cabezas González, Marisa Revilla‐Blanco","doi":"10.1002/9781119315063.ch21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119315063.ch21","url":null,"abstract":"This review of women’s movements and activism around the world focuses on the less visible, less publicized women’s initiatives in non-western countries that are not usually addressed in western social movement studies. We consider previous analyses to review focal points in the discussion about identities (namely, women’s, feminist, and/or gender) and assess how these identities shape different social movements. Following these analyses, we explore the relationship between women’s movements and dominant approaches to social movements that tend to downplay gender. In this context, employing a feminist transnational approach helps us understand the relevance of multi-situated networks and alliances in contemporary social action. Finally, we also draw on intersectional feminist theory to examine the stratified axes of oppression and propose a relational policy that challenges hierarchies evident within and across different women’s movements.","PeriodicalId":391631,"journal":{"name":"Companion to Women's and Gender Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Bias in Research","authors":"M. Upchurch","doi":"10.1002/9781118663219.WBEGSS526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.WBEGSS526","url":null,"abstract":"Gender bias in research results from androcentrism, gender insensitivity, and double standards concerning appropriate behaviors and social roles for females and males. Historically, males and their actions and artifacts have been overrepresented as subjects of research in the social and natural sciences. Findings derived from research on male samples have been generalized to the population as a whole, sometimes resulting in the development of social policies beneficial to males but detrimental to females or the use of medical treatments that are ineffective or harmful to females. Corrections to gender bias include recruitment of more females both as researchers and as research participants, separate statistical analyses of data derived from females and males, careful attention to the language and metaphors used in research, and identification and elimination of double standards in the interpretation and application of results. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000gender; \u0000inequality/inequalities; \u0000medicine; \u0000methodology; \u0000scientific experiments","PeriodicalId":391631,"journal":{"name":"Companion to Women's and Gender Studies","volume":"9a 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128186108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}