Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History最新文献

{"title":"«SLAVIC MUTUALITY»: INTERSECTION OF IMPERIAL IDEAS IN UKRAINIAN-SLAVIC-EUROPEAN RECEPTIONS","authors":"E. Bevzyuk, O. Kotlyar","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280248","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is the reconstruction of one, although definitely not primary, factor in the ideologization of the national movement of the Western Slavs (we are talking about Ukrainian relations with the Western Slavs), which allows for a more accurate understanding of both the circumstances of the Slavic revival and the ideological syncretism of the revivalists. Accordingly, Slavic interethnic relations and spiritual receptions were \"sanctified\" for many years by the idea of \"Slavic reciprocity,\" a cultural or linguistic-literary community. In the absence of their own statehood, romantic national idealism was not only a component of the ideology of ethnocultural preservation, for example, among the Lusatians, but also became an additional factor in the national movement of the Ukrainian, Czech, and Slovak peoples for their national liberation. We will focus on only some aspects of Ukrainian-Slavic relations. Accordingly, it would certainly be an exaggeration to attribute to the connections of the Western Slavs with the Ukrainians, as well as with the Russian environment, the significance of the exclusive catalyst of national movements. But the information about connections and exchanges that have reached us testify to the establishment of mostly direct contacts between active representatives of the Slavic peoples, which, of course, expanded the worldview of national leaders and strengthened the feeling of the all-Slavic community. In our opinion, external Slavic factors, including Ukrainian ones, supplemented the ideology of the Slavs not so much with a national content but mainly emphasized that ethnic revival is not a local or regional phenomenon but a process that is genetically connected with the generality of similar phenomena. It is significant that at the activation stage in the 1930s and 1940s, cultural and national aspirations of Ukrainians and Western Slavic peoples, the European policy of the Russian Empire was one of the reasons for the politicization of national ideologies. However, the study of international communication is impossible without clarifying the content of typology and patterns of the appearance of inter-imperial contradictions and interests as fairly typical phenomena in the context of the formation and development of national ideologies in Central and Central-Eastern Europe in the first half of the 19th century.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124296781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE «FOOTBALL WAR»: THE SALVADOR-HONDURAS CONFLICT OF 1969","authors":"I. Danyliuk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.2280309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.2280309","url":null,"abstract":"In the article investigated the causes and course of the conflict between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969, as well as the consequences of the conflict on integration processes in the region. It was noted that the cause of the Salvador-Honduran conflict was in the problems of land reform in Honduras and demographic problems in Salvador; also, in territorial disputes that lasted between the two countries; as well as the uneven development of Salvador and Honduras. In addition, the press of both countries contributed to the aggravation of the crisis, and violence against Salvadorans in Honduras and against Hondurans in Salvador during football matches. In 1969, relations between the two countries deteriorated due to the forced deportation of Salvadorans from Honduras, whom the Honduran government had agreed two years earlier to accept in their country and provide them with land to cultivate. The problem of the deportation of Salvadorans, which was difficult to integrate into Salvador’s economic life due to limited land resources and Salvador’s population overpopulation, posed a number of challenges for the Salvador government. Consequently, the deportations of Salvadorans from Honduras, territorial disputes between the two countries, and Honduras’ economic backwardness from Salvador provoked conflict. The article states that the conflict between Salvador and Honduras resulted according to various sources from 2 to 6 thousand killed civilian and military casualties on both sides; significant number of Salvadorans (according to various sources, from 60 to 130 thousand refugee) who were forcibly deported from Honduras or fled for fear of their future; Honduras and Salvador have suffered significant industrial and social damage as a result of the bombing. However, Honduras suffered more losses, as most of the hostilities took place in Honduran lands; the social situation in Salvador has deteriorated, and the government has been unable to address the economic and social needs of Salvadorans deported from Honduras; Honduras has officially closed its border with El Salvador, thus hindering the circulation of Salvador’ products in Honduras. Thus, the Central American Common Market terminated its regional economic cooperation project; under the rule of both Salvador and Honduras, the political participation of the military was strengthened.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116340422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PASTORAL LETTER OF THE SLOVAK AND SUBCARPATHIAN RUTHENIA BISHOPS OF 1924","authors":"Pavel Marek","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280273","url":null,"abstract":"The Slovak and Subcarpathian Ruthenia bishops of the Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches published a pastoral letter in November 1924 to respond to the fact that some members of these churches were members of communist, socialist, or progressive organizations that rejected belief in God, criticizing the churches from atheistic positions and striving to create a secular society. In an effort to expand their membership and electorate, the socialists went so far as to formally present themselves with Christian symbolism, which was supposed to deceive Catholics in a difficult social position and attract them to their ranks. The bishops reflected on this fact and, through the Pastoral Letter, explained to the members of their churches the destructiveness of socialist and progressive theories and recommended that they leave anti-Catholic organizations. Those Catholics who deliberately failed to take their teachings and warnings into account had to expect that the Church would not administer certain sacraments to them. The publication of the Pastoral Letter provoked a fierce reaction in socialist and progressive circles as an attack against the state, its constitution and laws, the government, and the democratic system that threatened the very existence of the Republic. The Pastoral Letter and its authors, the Catholic Church, the Holy See, and Czech and Slovak political Catholicism were violently attacked by journalists, triggering a press affair. Subsequently, the question time of German Social Democrats in the Chamber of Deputies resulted in a government crisis solved not only by the government, parliament, and political parties but also by the so-called Pětka (Committee of Five) as the supreme body of Czechoslovak politics. The search for a way out of the government crisis showed that the socialists, especially the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party, did not want to defend their own ideology in the case but used the publication of the Letter to pressure the Czechoslovak People’s Party, which, as part of the government coalition and the Švehla government, hindered the solution of the issue of regulating the relationship between the state and the Catholic Church. They wanted to force a change in its attitude by acting tactically with the idea of a minority government without the participation of the Czechoslovak People’s Party. However, the Czechoslovak People’s Party’s leaders handled the difficult situation it found itself in due to pressure from its coalition partners and the Catholic Slovak People’s Party and the Prague radical wing of its own party formed around Rudolf Horský, thanks to the prudent policy of its chairman Jan Šrámek. Although it agreed to negotiate a regulation of the relationship between the state and the churches, it defended the membership of the Czechoslovak People’s Party in the governing coalition, agreed to prosecute only those priests who manifestly violated the law, and defended the right of bishops to act independent","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130550189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF PETRO BUBELA IN THE GENESIS OF UKRAINIAN-HUNGARIAN RELATION IN 1918 – 1919","authors":"Andrii Prokip, Vasyl Klok, Oleksandra Kendus, Y. Mykhalskyi","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280118","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the role of Petro Bubela in the emergence and development of relations between the Western Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR) and Hungary in 1918 – 1919. After the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the formation of new nation-states in Central and Eastern Europe, the problem of forming a new international relations system became acute. The genesis of Ukrainian-Hungarian interstate relations was important for both countries and the political situation in the region. Based on the analysis of archival materials and memoirs, the authors analyzed the stages of development of these relations. They concluded that the main problem for both sides was the issue of political affiliation in Transcarpathia. However, this issue was postponed due to the Polish-Ukrainian War of 1918 – 1919 and Budapest's military conflicts with its neighbors. The parties focused on economic and military cooperation. It was found out that аtaman Petro Bubela, who at that time was the Deputy Secretary of State for Military Affairs in the Western Region of the Ukrainian People's Republic (WRUPR) and was involved in the logistics and technical support of the Galician Army (GA) with military equipment, weapons, medicines and various goods for the needs of the army, was in contact with Hungary on these issues. It was found that Petro Bubela established relations with a representative of the Hungarian Soviet Republic (HSR), who arrived in Stanislaviv in 1919 thanks to the government of the Western Region Ukrainian People's Republic, signed a trade agreement with Hungary. It was installed that Petro Bubela personally corresponded with Kuhn Bela, the National Commissioner for Foreign Affairs of the Hungarian Soviet Republic (HSR). It was noted that one of the reasons for Petro Bubela's retirement from the position of Deputy Secretary in Military Affairs of the Western Region Ukrainian People's Republic in June 1919, as he claimed himself, it was the existence of links with Soviet Hungary's representative. Thus, we believe that the topic of Ukrainian-Hungarian relations in 1918 – 1919, the participation in their establishment of certain prominent representatives in the Western Region Ukrainian People's Republic (WRUPR), such as, in particular, Petro Bubela is the prospect and requires further researches.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129736089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CATHOLIC WOMEN'S PRESS IN INTERWAR POLAND: IN LOOKING FOR THE FIGURE OF AN IDEAL WOMAN","authors":"K. Vais","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280301","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the representation of the ideal woman and femininity in the Polish interwar Catholic women's press, focusing on two selected publications – «Kuźniczanka» and «Gazeta dla kobiet.» In the 1920s and 1930s in Poland, Catholic periodicals were widely circulated, and the women's press developed against the backdrop of social changes caused by World War I. The Catholic women's press promoted a religious and nationalist worldview while paying attention to the new emancipation of women. In creating the image of the ideal woman, the Polish Catholic interwar press sought to influence its readers' behavior and life strategies. The article analyzes how these publications shaped the image of the ideal woman and femininity, as well as the consequences of such representation for their readership. «Gazeta dla Kobiet» emphasized the care and upbringing of children, highlighting the irreplaceable role of the mother in these areas. It advocated for constant maternal contact with the child, rationality, and moderation in relationships. The importance of religious education was also emphasized. «Kuźniczanka,» a publication that gained popularity at the national level, aimed at the religious education of adult women and the formation of a patriotic position. The magazine promoted the concept of hardworking, modest living and active participation in public work. The magazine sought to prepare its readers for the fulfillment of daily family duties and protect them from worldly temptations. The ideal woman depicted in the pages of «Kuźniczanka» was a prudent wife and mother, skilled in organizing household affairs, and a sensitive educator of the weak or socially marginalized. Both publications promoted an ideal image of a woman based on religious norms, virtuosity, hard work, and modesty. This model served to mobilize defenders of religious and national values and moral traditionalism. It also emphasized the crucial role of a properly educated woman in creating optimal conditions for the development of younger generations.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123014020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE DUBNO SEMINARY OF THE EASTERN RITE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEO-UNION PROCESS IN VOLYN","authors":"A. Fedchuk","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280209","url":null,"abstract":"А Union of the Eastern Rite, also called neo-Union, appeared in Volyn in 1925. Its widening took place under the control of Lutsk Catholic Bishop Adolf Shelonzhek, and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic clergy was not allowed to participate in this process. In the absence of a separate neo-Union clergy, the bishop relied on apostates from Orthodoxy, known as \"defections\" by the people, who underwent short-term retraining at the Lutsk Catholic Seminary and also temporarily transferred certain Latin priests to the Eastern Rite. Since this staff policy did not justify itself, in the autumn of 1928, Shelonzhek opened a Seminary of the Eastern Rite in Dubno. Due to unresolved financial problems, it stopped functioning in a year and resumed work only in 1931, when it was taken over by the Vatican, where the curriculum was drawn up. Reverend Anthony Dabrovskyi was appointed to be the rector of the Seminary. Although the main burden of financing the educational institution continued to be borne by the Lutsk Diocese, most of its students came from outside Volyn and were appointed to the Uniate parishes of other voivodeships after graduation. The teachers of the Dubno Seminary changed often, and the number of simultaneous students rarely exceeded forty people for five courses, tending to decrease in the second half of the 1930s. The spiritual care of the seminarians was carried out by the apostolic visitor, Bishop Mykola Charnetskyi, who ordained the graduates to holy orders but had no influence on their parish appointments. By 1939, only 23 graduates of the Dubno Seminary became priests, of which only six received parishes in the Lutsk Diocese. After the establishment of Soviet power in Volyn, the educational institution ceased its work, and its property was nationalized.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130841944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEEDS ON FOUNDATION OF VILLAGES UNDER WALLACHIAN LAW IN KALUSH STAROSTY OF HALYCH LAND","authors":"B. Smereka","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280311","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the work is to study the process of settlement of the Subcarpathia in the early modern period through the prism of the analysis of documents on the foundation of settlements in the Halych land of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the 16th – 17th centuries. It is about seven foundation deeds for the villages under Wallachian law in Kalush starosty (Yasen, Kamin, Petranka or Nova Berezhnytsia, Ldziane, Kadobna, Mysliv, and Kropyvnyk), the texts of which have not been published anywhere before. The documents were processed based on copies stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine. The article is accompanied by the publication of three deeds (for Yasen, Petranka, and Kropyvnyk). The analysis of the texts of the foundation documents makes it possible to assert that the process of foundation of the villages under Wallachian law in the Kalush starosty from the end of the 16th to the end of the 17th century, in general, did not differ from similar processes in the well-researched Przemyśl and Sanok lands. The foundation deed was a documented permission of the starost to found a village for «osadczys» (settlers), who had previously purchased land in uninhabited places. Each document records their names. In new settlements, osadczys became «kniazs», or heads of village communities under Wallachian law. Deeds contain a list of peasants’ tributes to the castle and their obligations to kniazs. The payment of the former and the performance of the latter were to begin after the end of the «tax freedom» period, which in different villages lasted from 2 to 16 years. The kniazs themselves received land plots in new settlements from the starosts (from 2 to 5 lans), the right to collect «osadczyzna» (fees for settling in a new village) and a third of the fines. In contrast to other villages under Wallachian law, there are no mentions of the obligation of kniazs to perform military service in the deeds of the Kalush starosty. More than ten people with different surnames could receive permission to found a village here at the same time (in the Przemyśl and Sanok lands, deeds were generally granted to one person or brothers).","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114292360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAND AND PROPERTY STATUS OF THE MONASTERIES OF THE ORDER OF ST. PAUL THE HERMIT IN THE OF UZHANSKYI REGION IN THE 14TH TO 16TH CENTURIES","authors":"O. Ferkov","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280217","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneously with the formation of the Diocese of Eger, monks of various Catholic orders began to settle in the northeastern communes of Hungary: Franciscans, Dominicans, and later, Paulines-hermits. In the 14th century, monasteries of the order were founded in the territory of the modern Uzhanskyi region. The founders and patrons of these monasteries were local landowners. It is essential to know that in most cases, Catholic religious orders, along with missionary, pastoral, i.e., spiritual activities, were also engaged in farming, building monasteries, churches, etc. Monasteries became landowners since their foundation and receipt of the first land allotments in the 14th and 15th centuries. This, in turn, led to inevitable conflicts with neighbors, etc. Protestant nobles harassed monks since the middle of the 16th century. There were cases of attacks on monastery buildings and land, robberies, and even beatings and murders of monks. This situation accelerated the decline of the monasteries' economy. The Reformation radically changed the confessional pattern of the region. By the end of the 16th century, aristocrats and gentry, as well as a large part of the common people, had become Protestants. Even some Orthodox Ruthenians formally adopted the Protestant faith. Thus, the overall situation was not conducive to the return of Catholic monks, including the Paulines, to their former monasteries. The counter-reformation wave of the mid-17th century changed the situation only partially. The Order of St. Paul regained a small part of its former possessions. However, the hermits never returned to their former monasteries in the Uzhanskyi region. Sadly, this issue is not addressed in modern historiography adequately. While the general historiography of the medieval history of the Pauline Order is satisfactory, the activities of hermits in certain regions, including the territory of modern Transcarpathia, lack thorough research. Therefore, the study of the land and property situation of Paulines, the hermits, will help to outline the extent of the material losses of the order in the northeastern communes, in particular the Uzhanskyi region, and to understand the motivations and efforts of the order's leadership to return the lost land.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115184798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF THE FEDERALIZATION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA IN JANUARY – AUGUST 1968","authors":"Ihor Shnitser","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280307","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to studying the preparatory stage of the constitutional reform aimed at the transition of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSR) from a unitary to a federal state system. The lower chronological limit of the article (January 1968) is dictated by the coming to power in Czechoslovakia of communist reformers who, in the context of the democratization of social and political life, began to search for ways to solve the Slovak question in Czechoslovakia. The upper chronological limit (August 1968) is determined by the beginning of the invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact Organization member states into Czechoslovakia intending to suppress the \"Prague Spring\". The methodological basis of the proposed article is the principles of historicism and objectivity. The author also used a set of special methods of historical knowledge. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the systematic analysis of the influence of the Slovak question on the events of the «Prague Spring» of 1968. During the «Prague Spring» of 1968, the communist government and society finally realized that the asymmetric model of the Czechoslovak state had exhausted itself and was not subject to rehabilitation. Under such circumstances, one of the primary tasks of the «Prague Spring» of 1968 was the reformation of Czech-Slovak relations and the state system of the Czechoslovak SSR according to the principle of «equal to equal.» The aspiration of the Slovaks to introduce a symmetrical model of a common state by making appropriate amendments to the Constitution of the Czechoslovak SSR was reflected in the demand for the federalization of the Czechoslovak SSR. The federalization process in the spring of 1968 was complicated by existing differences between the Czech and Slovak sides in their views on the future federation. However, this did not prevent them from reaching an agreement at the beginning of August 1968 and formulating a project to create a federal Czechoslovakia as part of two equal national states - the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic. Unfortunately, the further process of federalization of the Czechoslovak SSR was stopped by the military intervention of the troops of the member states of the Soviet Union.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"517 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VECTORS OF MODERN POLISH-UKRAINIAN COOPERATION IN CINEMATOGRAPHY","authors":"E. Bosak","doi":"10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(48).2023.280214","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the importance of modern cinematography in the development of Polish-Ukrainian cultural cooperation. Attention is drawn to the special features of cinematography, which make it an important mediator for the transmission of important socio-political narratives. The main thematic vectors of modern Polish-Ukrainian cinematography are analyzed in the chronological sequence of historical events. The main thematic areas are defined as: the era of the Cossacks, the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people of 1917 – 1921, the events of the Second World War, the «Volyn tragedy», the Revolution of Dignity and the modern Russian-Ukrainian war. The article provides examples of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation in cinematography: the involvement of Polish and Ukrainian actors in one film, the cooperation of Polish and Ukrainian directors, the creation of feature films by Ukrainian directors with the support of Polish cultural institutions, and the introduction of these films by the Polish public at cinema festivals. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of each topic. In particular, films about the Cossack era have noticeable differences in interpretation, which is caused by the still existing differences in Polish and Ukrainian historiography regarding the figure of B. Khmelnytskyi and the Cossacks in general. The subject of 1917 – 1921 is revealed rather weakly, and the main event around which discussions take place is the Union «Pilsudskyi-Petlyura» (Warsaw Treaty of 1920). Perhaps the most irritating and dangerous for Polish-Ukrainian relations is the topic of the «Volyn Tragedy», which has a special significance in the historical memory of the Polish and Ukrainian peoples. For the most part, films on this topic are documentaries based on the memories of eyewitnesses. A new phenomenon are feature films on the topic of the Revolution of Dignity and the modern Russian-Ukrainian war. First of all, they are designed to counteract Russian propaganda, to acquaint the Polish public with the true intentions of Russia, and to draw the attention of the world community to this problem.","PeriodicalId":390649,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History","volume":"2008 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125622082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}