{"title":"Audits and Management Reviews","authors":"O. Laitenberger","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120044250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120044250","url":null,"abstract":"Software project audits and management reviews are powerful methods to verify that software development efforts are in line with their original budget, time, and quality objectives. In doing so, they usually involve the (manual) evaluation of project, process, or product characteristics to detect discrepancies from planned results. Hence, their focus is clearly on management rather than technical issues, which separates them from more quality-enhancing activities, such as software inspections or formal technical reviews. Since software project audits and management reviews are often conducted by third parties—either independent or in-house—they are in fact decision-making tools; that is, they provide the basis and rationale for more effective management decisions. This entry presents a practical road map to understand the underlying structure and mechanisms of software project audits and management reviews. The road map is primarily driven by practical rather than theoretical considerations and involves six distinct yet important dimensions: purpose, scope, process, participants, timing, and standards. In the context of the road map and the dimensions presented, this entry illustrates and explains software project audits and management reviews and provides some heuristics for their introduction and usage in organizations.","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116666893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Schieferdecker, A. Rennoch, Alain Vouffo-Feudjio
{"title":"Model-Based Testing: Approaches and Notations","authors":"I. Schieferdecker, A. Rennoch, Alain Vouffo-Feudjio","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120046902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120046902","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based testing (MBT) constitutes a number of technologies, methods, and approaches with the aim of improving the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of test processes, tasks, and artifacts. The entry investigates MBT approaches and the languages and notations used. It is the successor entry to model-based testing by the same authors.","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129449776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Projects and Processes: Measurement","authors":"C. Ebert","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120044945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120044945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125615799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process: Definition and Communication","authors":"F. Tsui","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120044263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120044263","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s global economy and global approach to developing and supporting software, it is critical that the process utilized for such activities is clearly defined and communicated to all constituents. In this entry, the general topics related to software process, process definition, process rationale, process communication, and cost are first discussed. A specific list of items: activities, control, product and artifacts, resources, and tools (ACPRT) are introduced as categories of information that are necessary for a well-defined software process. Examplesfromgraphicprocesslanguages suchas VisualProcess Language (VPL) andLittle-JIL, from Adabasedprogramming-likeprocesslanguagessuchasAPPL/A(ALanguageforSoftwareProcessProgrammig) and CSPL (Concurrent Software Process Language), and from XML-based process definition and exchange languages such as XPDL and BPEL are then explored as instruments for conveying processes.","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127237988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Software Fault Localization","authors":"W. E. Wong, V. Debroy","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120044231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120044231","url":null,"abstract":"1. INTRODUCTION Regardless of the effort spent on developing a computer program, 1 it may still contain bugs. In fact, the larger, more complex a program, the higher the likelihood of it containing bugs. It is always challenging for programmers to effectively and efficiently remove bugs, while not inadvertently introducing new ones at the same time. Furthermore, to debug, programmers must first be able to identify exactly where the bugs are, which is known as fault localization; and then find a way to fix them, which is known as fault fixing. In this article, we focus only on fault localization.","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"2002 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127317986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Software Testing","authors":"P. Jorgensen","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120044339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120044339","url":null,"abstract":"This updated and reorganized fourth edition of Software Testing: A Craftsman’s Approach applies the strong mathematics content of previous editions to a coherent treatment of Model-Based Testing for both code-based (structural) and specification-based (functional) testing. These techniques are extended from the usual unit testing discussions to full coverage of less understood levels integration and system testing.","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124421478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual Teams","authors":"Valentine Casey, Ita Richardson","doi":"10.1081/E-ESE-120044245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/E-ESE-120044245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":386020,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114953497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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