Biological Letters最新文献

Temperature-dependent interaction between an invasive and a native freshwater gastropod: a competitive edge for the invader? 外来入侵动物和本地淡水腹足动物之间的温度依赖相互作用:外来入侵动物的竞争优势?

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2021-0002

R. Karmakar, P. Paul, Sujeeta De, D. Mondal, G. Aditya

{"title":"Temperature-dependent interaction between an invasive and a native freshwater gastropod: a competitive edge for the invader?","authors":"R. Karmakar, P. Paul, Sujeeta De, D. Mondal, G. Aditya","doi":"10.2478/biolet-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/biolet-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multiple studies have focused on the environmental damage done by invasive species and highlighted them as a major threat to biodiversity. Invasive species can completely eliminate some native species. On the other hand, the invasion potential of alien species is strongly influenced by abiotic factors. Taking these factors into consideration, the present study has focused on the competitive interaction between an invasive freshwater pulmonate snail Physella acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) and sympatrically occurring Racesina luteola Lamarck, 1822 (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) in India. Competitive superiority of the exotic species was assessed by comparing the reproductive output of the invasive and indigenous species subjected to interactions observed in a community. To investigate the role of temperature as a driving force of the competitive superiority of the invasive snail, 4 temperatures were considered. At all temperatures, the invasive snail P. acuta deposited more egg clutches per individual than the native snail R. luteola did, irrespective of the interaction types. The reproductive output of both species increased with the gradual increase in temperature up to 30°C. At 35°C, the production of egg capsules (clutches) per individual and eggs per individual again decreased for both species. Their reproductive output was the highest at 30°C, while at 20°C, R. luteola laid lower numbers of egg clutches and eggs per individual when kept with P. acuta than when living with conspecifics only. This study shows that temperature can strongly affect the outcome of competition between invasive and indigenous species.","PeriodicalId":37816,"journal":{"name":"Biological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48679328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Pachymelania aurita (Muller) and Tympanotonos fuscatus var. radula (Linnaeus) whole body extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophage cells 耳厚黑菌(Muller)和褐鼓鼓菌(Linnaeus)全身提取物在脂多糖刺激的腹腔巨噬细胞中的体外抗炎活性

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2021-0001

Queensley Eghianruwa, O. Osoniyi, N. Maina, S. Wachira, Regina W. Mbugua, M. Imbuga

{"title":"In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Pachymelania aurita (Muller) and Tympanotonos fuscatus var. radula (Linnaeus) whole body extracts in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophage cells","authors":"Queensley Eghianruwa, O. Osoniyi, N. Maina, S. Wachira, Regina W. Mbugua, M. Imbuga","doi":"10.2478/biolet-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/biolet-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inflammation is the immune system’s response to infection and injury. Although it is a natural and beneficial process, it has been implicated in the pathogeneses of arthritis, cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the alcohol and aqueous extracts of marine gastropods Pachymelania aurita and Tympanotonos fuscatus (syn. Tympanotonus fuscatus) var. radula in peritoneal macrophage cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. Peripheral macrophages were harvested from mice following the injection of foetal calf serum into the peritoneal space. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on the macrophages and the maximum non-toxic dose was determined using the MTT assay. Cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide and treated with crude extracts of T. fuscatus and P. aurita 24 h later. The antioxidant activity was also evaluated, using the DPPH assay. Both extracts of P. aurita and T. fuscatus exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities in terms of their ability to inhibit the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1 and PGE2, which are key mediators of the inflammation response. Also, the alcohol extracts proved to be as effective as vitamin C in the free radical scavenging of DPPH. Thus, the extracts from P. aurita and T. fuscatus are useful candidates for further drug studies, especially as drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.","PeriodicalId":37816,"journal":{"name":"Biological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and pathogenic fungi damaging horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) leaves and fruits 哈茨木霉与危害七叶树叶片和果实的病原真菌的体外相互作用

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2019-0003

K. Pastirčáková

引用次数: 5

Predation by invasive Platydemus manokwari flatworms: a laboratory study 侵袭性马诺夸里扁虫的捕食：一项实验室研究

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2019-0005

J. Gerlach

引用次数: 8

A search for 4 specific markers linked to Pm3 alleles for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) in rye (Secale cereale) 黑麦（Secale cereale）抗白粉菌Pm3等位基因4个特异性标记的研究

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2019-0004

A. Jurkowski, H. Bujak

引用次数: 3

A method to increase the survival of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus brevis at a lowered pH 一种在降低pH下提高益生菌短乳杆菌存活率的方法

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2019-0002

A. Jurkowski, J. Kozioł, E. Gronczewska

引用次数: 2

Length-weight relationship and growth parameters of the commercial fish Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii: Sparidae) from northern and southern Tunisia 突尼斯北部和南部商品鱼Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758)(放线鱼科:Sparidae)的长重关系和生长参数

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/biolet-2019-0001

C. Fassatoui, Leila Hmida, A. Jenhani, M. Romdhane

引用次数: 1

Cyst morphology of large branchiopod crustaceans (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata) in western Poland 波兰西部大型枝足甲壳类动物(Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata)的包囊形态

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/biolet-2017-0006

M. Czyż, P. Wolinski, B. Gołdyn

引用次数: 6

Preliminary study of the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow on oribatid mites 草甸猪粪和羊粪施肥对甲螨影响的初步研究

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/biolet-2017-0004

A. Seniczak, S. Seniczak, H. Szczukowska, R. Graczyk, G. Bukowski

{"title":"Preliminary study of the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow on oribatid mites","authors":"A. Seniczak, S. Seniczak, H. Szczukowska, R. Graczyk, G. Bukowski","doi":"10.1515/biolet-2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biolet-2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated the impact of pig or goat manure fertilization of a meadow with doses of 80 kg N ha−1, 140 kg N ha−1, and 200 kg N ha−1 (plots 1-6) on oribatid mites. A control plot (0) was left unfertilized. The manure was applied to the meadow in the early spring of 2012, and soil samples were collected in the spring of 2012 and 2013. In total, 6053 oribatid mites were examined, including 1163 juveniles. The effect of fertilizing on the Oribatida depended on the dose of manure, but not on its type. A low dose of pig or goat manure did not affect the density of Oribatida, whereas the other doses decreased it, but only the highest doses decreased it significantly, compared to the control. Species diversity decreased with the dose of manure. In total, 24 species of Oribatida were found and some species reacted differently to both types of manure. For example, a low dose of pig manure significantly increased the density of Eupelops occultus, whereas the density of other species significantly decreased under the influence of the highest dose of pig manure (Achipteria coleoptrata), highest doses of pig and goat manure (Galumna obvia, Liebstadia similis), and medium and highest doses of goat manure (Scheloribates laevigatus).","PeriodicalId":37816,"journal":{"name":"Biological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/biolet-2017-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67269719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effects of green algae and napa cabbage on life-history parameters and gut microflora of Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari: Oribatida) under laboratory conditions 绿藻和白菜对长尾古虫生活史参数和肠道菌群的影响

Biological Letters Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/biolet-2017-0007

A. Seniczak, A. Ligocka, S. Seniczak, Z. Paluszak

{"title":"Effects of green algae and napa cabbage on life-history parameters and gut microflora of Archegozetes longisetosus (Acari: Oribatida) under laboratory conditions","authors":"A. Seniczak, A. Ligocka, S. Seniczak, Z. Paluszak","doi":"10.1515/biolet-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/biolet-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We compared the effect of green algae (dominated by Protococcus sp.) and the earlier studied napa cabbage on the life-history parameters and gut microflora of the oribatid mite Archegozetes longisetosus (a chelicerate model organism). Napa cabbage contained more crude ash, protein, and crude fibre than green algae, but A. longisetosus developed better on the latter food, displaying higher fertility, lower mortality of offspring and shorter development than on napa cabbage. The gut microflora of A. longisetosus depended on the kind of food and developmental stage of this mite. The adults fed with napa cabbage had more abundant and more active microflora than those fed with green algae, whereas in the tritonymphs the microflora was more abundant when they were fed with green algae, and was more active in the group fed with napa cabbage. Irrespective of the treatment, the highest percentage of the isolated bacteria were gram-positive bacilli or gram-negative bacteria, but the mites feeding on Protococcus sp. contained no cocci, whereas those fed with cabbage had no gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":37816,"journal":{"name":"Biological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/biolet-2017-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67269519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3