Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science最新文献

Introductory Chapter: The Role of Genetic Engineering Technology in the Manipulation of Genetics of Organisms and Synthetic Biology 导论章:基因工程技术在操纵生物遗传学和合成生物学中的作用

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2020-02-12 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90549

M. Nagpal

引用次数: 0

Construction and Analysis of Metagenome Library from Bacterial Community Associated with Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii 有毒鞭毛藻亚历山大菌相关菌群宏基因组文库的构建与分析

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-08-28 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88751

M. Danish-Daniel, M. M. Noor, Y. Yeong, Tan Min Pau, G. Usup

{"title":"Construction and Analysis of Metagenome Library from Bacterial Community Associated with Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamiyavanichii","authors":"M. Danish-Daniel, M. M. Noor, Y. Yeong, Tan Min Pau, G. Usup","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88751","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have suggested that a specific community of bacteria coexists within the phycosphere of marine dinoflagellates. In order to better understand the dinoflagellate-bacteria relationships, a fosmid clone library was constructed from the metagenome DNA and analyzed. Some of the fosmid clones were end-sequenced. A total of 1501 fosmid clones with insert sizes of 30–40 Kbp were produced. End sequenc-ing of 238 clones showed that 55% of the genes had known functions, 11% were of putative function and 34% were genes of unknown function or had no match in Genbank. There were approximately 14% sequences with no classification and could potentially represent novel genes. Analysis of these partial sequences also revealed some promising enzymes that possess various potential industrial applications such as chitinases, kinases, agarases and oxygenases. The results also showed that the bacterial flora of the Alexandrium tamiyavanichii culture was dominated by the Alpha-proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Gamma-proteobacteria. The findings in this study suggested that the bacterial community may play various role in the association with dinoflagellate. This study had also shown that dinoflagellate-associated bacterial community is a valuable source for discovery of novel genes and gene products.","PeriodicalId":372817,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126288116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silencing of Peroxiredoxin-4 in Anticancer Activity of Gamma-Tocotrienol γ -生育三烯醇抗癌活性中过氧化物还毒素-4的沉默作用

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88813

Afiah Nasuha Aznan, Zakiah Jubri

{"title":"Silencing of Peroxiredoxin-4 in Anticancer Activity of Gamma-Tocotrienol","authors":"Afiah Nasuha Aznan, Zakiah Jubri","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88813","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4) is known to have a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. It has been previously reported to increase in HepG2 liver cancer cells treated with gamma-tocotrienol (GTT). As GTT treatment potentially kills the cancer cell by regulating multiple signaling pathways, this study aims to determine the involvement of PRDX4 in GTT anticancer activity by silencing the PRDX4 gene. The efficiency of PRDX4 silencing is achieved by optimizing HepG2 cell density, effect of serum presence in transduction media, incubation time of the cells with lentivirus, polybrene concentration, puromycin dose, functional titer, and multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the lentivirus. Silenced HepG2-PRDX4 cells (HepG2-shRNA-PRDX4) were treated with 70 μ M of GTT for 48 h. GTT treatment significantly decreased the HepG2-shRNA-PRDX4 cell viability, increased apoptosis rate, and reduced free radical production compared to untreated HepG2-shRNA-PRDX4 cells. These findings are further supported by proteomic analysis, which showed that pro-apoptotic and DNA damage proteins were upregulated, and proteins involved in cell cycle arrest, carcinogenesis, and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways were downregulated in HepG2-shRNA-PRDX4 cells treated with GTT compared to control. In conclusion, PRDX4 plays a role in GTT anticancer activity by increasing free radical production and oxidative damage to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cell.","PeriodicalId":372817,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127015499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Applied Molecular Cloning: Present and Future for Aquaculture 应用分子克隆:水产养殖的现状与未来

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-07-19 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.88197

T. Chakraborty, S. Mohapatra, C. Wanglar, Dipak Pandey

引用次数: 1

Molecular Cloning of Genic Male-Sterility Genes and Their Applications for Plant Heterosis via Biotechnology-based Male-sterility Systems 雄性不育基因的分子克隆及其在植物杂种优势中的应用

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86976

Xiangyuan Wan, Suowei Wu

{"title":"Molecular Cloning of Genic Male-Sterility Genes and Their Applications for Plant Heterosis via Biotechnology-based Male-sterility Systems","authors":"Xiangyuan Wan, Suowei Wu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86976","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we summarize the strategies about molecular cloning and functional confirmation of plant genic male-sterility (GMS) genes and their applications for hybrid breeding and seed production via biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems in crop plants. The main content includes four sections: (1) GMS gene cloning strategies, including forward genetic approaches (e.g., map-based cloning, T-DNA or transposon tagging, and MutMap method) and reverse genetic approaches (e.g., homology-based cloning, anther-specific expression gene screening, and other reverse genetic methods); (2) functional confirmation methods of GMS genes, including transgenic complementation, targeted mutagenesis, allelic mutant test and sequencing, anther spatiotemporal expression analysis, and cytological observation; (3) application value assessment of GMS genes and mutants, such as genetic stability analysis of male sterility controlled by GMS genes under different genetic backgrounds and multiple environments, and genetic effects driven by GMS genes on plant heterosis and analysis of potential linkage with bad traits; (4) development and application of BMS systems based on GMS genes and/or their mutants, including transgenic construct-driven non-transgenic seed systems (e.g., seed production technology (SPT) and multi-control sterility (MCS)), and transgenic male-sterility systems (e.g., roundup hybridization systems (RHS1 and RHS2) and Barnase/Barstar system). Finally, we summarize and provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and development of cost-effective and environment-friendly BMS systems in crop plants.","PeriodicalId":372817,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science","volume":"501 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132971973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A Noninvasive, Orally Stable, Mucosa-Penetrating Polyvalent Vaccine Platform Based on Hepatitis E Virus Nanoparticle 基于戊型肝炎病毒纳米颗粒的无创、口服稳定、粘膜穿透性多价疫苗平台

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86830

Shizuo G. Kamita, Mo A. Baikoghli, Luis M. de la Maza, R. Cheng

引用次数: 2

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Principle and Applications 聚合酶链反应(PCR):原理与应用

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.86491

Karim Kadri

引用次数: 23

Real-Time Quantitative PCR as a Tool for Monitoring Microbiological Quality of Food 实时定量PCR作为监测食品微生物质量的工具

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84532

Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes, B. M. Maciel

{"title":"Real-Time Quantitative PCR as a Tool for Monitoring Microbiological Quality of Food","authors":"Amanda Teixeira Sampaio Lopes, B. M. Maciel","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84532","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiological parameters of food provide quality information regarding the processing, storage, and distribution conditions, shelf life, as well as whether the food poses a health risk to the population. In this context, the concern with food safety is a competitive advantage, as the pressure of consumers, who are increasingly interested and concerned about what they are consuming, directs the trade to reach the quality of products and services offered. With regard to microbiological analyses, researchers have been developing sensitive techniques to produce rapid results, since traditional methods of microbiological culture are time-consuming and very laborious. Thus, the real-time quantitative PCR technique (qPCR) offers the possibility of quantifying the total bacterial DNA in a food sample without the need of the microbial growth step. That is, the result can be expressed on the same day, and it is possible to perform a simultaneous quantification of more than one pathogen in a single assay. Therefore, it can be a useful tool for monitoring microbiological quality in food industries. In this chapter, we will present the advantages and disadvantages of this methodology for food microbiology emphasizing the challenge of differentiating viable cells from nonviable cells.","PeriodicalId":372817,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124202859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

PCR and Infectious Diseases 聚合酶链反应与传染病

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-04-17 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85630

D. Zauli

{"title":"PCR and Infectious Diseases","authors":"D. Zauli","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85630","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1950s, the medical community has been faced with infectious diseases, which have brought significant public health and financial challenges. Currently, rou-tine testing for the laboratory diagnosis for infectious agents is based on cell culture, serological, and molecular methods. However, cell culture-based methods are used mainly in research laboratories and are less sensitive methods when compared with serological and molecular methods. The diagnosis of infectious diseases has been revolutionized by the development of molecular techniques, mainly with the applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The high sensitivity, specificity, and ease with which the PCR can be used to detect genetic sequences known have led to your wide application in science. A great number of qualitative and quantitative molecular assays are mostly based on what have been described such as real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, LAMP-PCR, and digital PCR. These assays could identify active infection by detecting infectious agents and nucleic acid in various clinical conditions including arboviruses, sexually transmitted infections, and bacterial infections. Further advancement of molecular technology is needed to improve the capacity to detect infectious agents in order to control the spread of infectious diseases and lead to appropriate actions which help to benefit patients and health-care workers themselves.","PeriodicalId":372817,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122484787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Annealing Temperature of 55°C and Specificity of Primer Binding in PCR Reactions 55°C退火温度和PCR反应中引物结合的特异性

Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science Pub Date : 2019-04-11 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85164

M. S. Erjavec

{"title":"Annealing Temperature of 55°C and Specificity of Primer Binding in PCR Reactions","authors":"M. S. Erjavec","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85164","url":null,"abstract":"In our study, we used PCR to clone papA , papEF , papG and F17G genes of Escherichia coli isolated from faecal samples of dogs with diarrhoea. Annealing temperature of 55°C was used in the PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 26 cloned PCR products showed that in PCRs with papA primers, six out of eight obtained PCR products were false due to non-specific binding of the forward primer on both DNA strands; in PCRs with the papEF primers, all seven obtained PCR products originated from specific binding of the forward primer on the 3 ′ → 5 ′ DNA strand and non-specific binding of the forward primed on the 5 ′ → 3 ′ DNA strand; and in PCRs with the F17G primers, four out of eight obtained PCR products were false due to non-specific binding of forward and reverse primer. The anticipated annealing sites for non-specific primer binding in analysed nucleotide sequences are presented. In the case of PCR products obtained with papG -specific primers, all PCR products were amplifications of the papG sequence. When the annealing temperature of papA PCRs was raised to 60°C, all obtained PCR products were amplifications of the correct DNA sequences.","PeriodicalId":372817,"journal":{"name":"Synthetic Biology - New Interdisciplinary Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120909876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2