Journal of Tropical Pathology最新文献

{"title":"LAGOCHILASCARIASIS: AN EMERGING PARASITIC DISEASE","authors":"Oswaldo Jesus Rodrigues da Motta, Marli do Cupertino, B. Rodrigues, Brenda Silveira Valles Moreira, Ademir Nunes Ribeiro Júnior, S. Montenegro, P. Miguel, A. Palheta, F. X. P. Neto","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i2.64422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i2.64422","url":null,"abstract":"Lagochilascariasis, described for the first time in 1909, is caused by a helminth nematode within the Lagochilascaris genus, and Ascarididae family, which mainly affects the underprivileged, especially among rural populations. Brazil presents more than 75% of the cases worldwide, mostly in the Amazon region, where the illness is considered emergent. The main clinical manifestation in humans is the appearance of subcutaneous purulent lesions normally found around the neck, mastoid and middle ear regions, the originating form is a painless granulomatous reaction that may have a chronic course and lead to death. Considering the paucity of reports on this helminthiasis, a bibliographic study was performed with the intent of consolidating information found systemized as etiology, epidemiology, pathogeny, clinical aspects, diagnostic, treatment, prophylaxis and control, as well as guiding health professionals in the resolution of human lagochilasacariasis cases. The present review reinforces the need for further studies on the subject, with a view to increasing the appropriate management of the disease and learning from it, to improve control, based on adequate knowledge of its natural cycle, as well as health education of the population.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47391325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL OF Vibrio parahaemolyticus ISOLATED FROM TROPICAL ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS IN CEARÁ, BRAZIL","authors":"F. D. Menezes, S. D. S. Neves, Rafael dos Santos Rocha, O. V. Sousa, M. Torres, R. Maggioni, E. Hofer, R. H. F. Vieira","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i2.61338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i2.61338","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a potentially pathogenic bacterium that occurs naturally in estuarine environments worldwide. This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in estuarine environments and determine the virulence profile in an aquaculture environment by molecular techniques and conventional microbiological methods. Sampling was conducted in four estuaries in the State of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe), Brazil, between January and April 2009. The analysis included 64 samples of water (n=32) and sediment (n=32) collected from the estuaries. The samples yielded 64 isolates suspected to be V. parahaemolyticus. The isolates were submitted to biochemical identification using a dichotomous key and PCR for the detection of the species-specific tlh gene. Virulence was assessed by testing for urea hydrolysis and β-hemolysis in erythrocytes (Kanagawa phenomenon) and simultaneous detection of the tdh and trh genes. All but one of the isolates (63/64) were confirmed to be V. parahaemolyticus by genotypic detection of tlh gene. The tdh and trh genes were detected in 57 and 19 isolates, respectively. The Kanagawa test was positive for 51 isolates. Only one isolate was positive for urease. The incidence of tdh/trh-positivity was very high in isolates recovered from the environment. The present study demonstrates the need to increase knowledge of the ecology and pathogeny of V. parahaemolyticus.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACQUIRED ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS UPON TREATMENT FAILURE IN HIV-1 INFECTED PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL","authors":"M. Albuquerque, S. Marques, R. V. T. Filho, P. S. Costa","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i2.62639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i2.62639","url":null,"abstract":"Antiretroviral drug-resistance mutations compromise the successful treatment of children and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We describe the clinical, virological, and immunological follow-up of a cohort of children and adolescents perinatally infected with HIV-1 treated at Hospital Estadual de Doenças Tropicais Dr. Anuar Auad – HDT, in Central Brazil, after therapeutic failure related to drug resistance mutations. We analyzed the results of the genotypic test (protease codons 1–99 and reverse transcriptase codons 1–325) performed from 2003 to 2015. The ARV susceptibility profile was analyzed according to Stanford HIV drug resistance database. A total of 65 patients (median age of 10 years; range, 18 m–18 y) with therapeutic failure (after a median of 55 months of follow up; range, 9 m–13 y) and plasma levels of HIV-1 RNA greater than 1,000 copies/mL which were included and demonstrated mutations in: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 98.5%; non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 75.4%; and protease inhibitors (PI), 44.6%. The most frequent NRTI mutations were found in codon T215 (83.1%) with a predominance of T215Y (56.9%), followed by M184V (69.3%). In the NNRTI class, mutations K103N (36.9%) and 190A (23.1%) were predominant, and, in the protease, mutations 54VL (35.4%) and 82ASTL (32.3%) were found in approximately the same proportion, with a predominance of the M54V mutation. These results demonstrate the high levels of resistance to different classes of antiretrovirals in HIV-infected children and adolescents and the importance of genotypic resistance tests in this population.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48995956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro EFFECTS OF SODIUM SELENITE SUPPLEMENTATION ON CELL VIABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF Trypanosoma cruzi","authors":"O. Thiemann, M. T. Silva, G. B. Portapilla, Alan Raphael de Farias Klein Moraes","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i2.61410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i2.61410","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium is an essential trace element which, at adequate levels, presents different beneficial biological effects, such as cancer regression, tissue development and protection against oxidative damage. The positive effects of this element are related to the expression of selenoproteins and their ability to modulate the immune system and the oxidative stress response. In Chagas disease and sleeping sickness, selenium supplementation has shown blood parasitism reduction and the alleviation of specific aspects of the diseases, such as diminishing anemia in sleeping sickness or minimization of myocardial and right ventricular chamber damage in Chagasdisease. Although the influence of selenium in trypanosomiasis has been investigated, the direct effects of sodium selenite supplementation on trypanosome cells are poorly understood. Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi cultures with low selenium doses demonstrated different results, according to the parasite evolutive form analyzed. Epimastigote cultures supplemented with 100 nM of sodium selenite presented cell growth increment, which varies from 10 to 40% according to the parasite strain assayed. Selenium concentration around 600nM leads to a 30% increase in the amastigote form number, whereas, at the same dose, the mammal host cell presented no cellular growth alteration. For the bloodstream form, the results agree with theliterature, and all sodium selenite concentrations tested, demonstrated a reduction in parasite viability. The data suggest that selenium supplementation, under specific conditions, could increase T. cruzi viability, demonstrating that a strategy for using selenium as an adjuvant in Chagas disease treatment requires additional experimentation. KEY WORDS: Selenium; trypanosomiasis; Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75550220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETECTION OF SALIVIRUS IN RAW SEWAGE SAMPLES IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL","authors":"Marcelle Silva-Sales, Mariana Seglia Caldas, J. M. Fioretti, M. Rocha, T. Fumian, M. Miagostovich","doi":"10.5216/rpt.v49i2.63619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v49i2.63619","url":null,"abstract":"Gastroenteric viruses are important pathogens related to cases of acute gastroenteritis, affecting millions of people worldwide with a major impact on children under five in developing countries. The introduction of metagenomic approach techniques in the 2000s has allowed the description of new viruses, among them Salivirus, which has been associated worldwide with cases of diarrhea. This study aimed to detect salivirus in raw sewage samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) collected between June 2013 and May 2014 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fifty-two samples collected weekly were tested by using a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).  Salivirus genome was detected in 71.1% (37/52) of the samples, with viral concentration ranging from 7.56 x 104 to 7.20 x 106 genomic copies per liter. Higher viral loads were detected in the summer and fall of 2014, although these data were not sufficient to infer seasonality for this virus. The high prevalence of salivirus in sewage samples highlights the importance of viral research in wastewater to generate data on salivirus circulation, increasing understanding regarding its dissemination in the population.KEY WORDS: Wastewater; viral detection; salivirus; Brazil; raw sewage; qPCR.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90904137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KONSEP HUKUM SUMBER DANA DARI NASABAH PENYIMPAN PADA BANK BUKU I DI INDONESIA DALAM MENGHINDARI MONEY LAUNDRY","authors":"A. Latif","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I1.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I1.614","url":null,"abstract":"Konsep hukum terhadap nasabah penyimpan dana di bank sangat terkait dengan masalah kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap lembaga perbankan, dan lembaga perbankan sangat tergantung pada kepercayaan masyarakat. Tanpa kepercayaan masyarakat bank tidak akan mampu menjalankan kegiatan usahanya denagan baik sehingga tidaklah berlebihan bila dunia perbankan harus sedemikian rupa menjaga keprcayaan dari masyarakat dengan cara memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah penyimpan. Untuk memperoleh dana dari masyarakat luas bank dapat menggunakan 3 macam jenis simpanan; simpanan giro, tabungan dan deposito. Pendanaan pada bank buku I kompetisinya sangat dinamis, persaingannya di dalam industry perbankan sangat tinggi agar eksistensi perusahaan bisa berjalan dengan baik. Oleh sebab itu tidak jarang perusahaan perbankan melakukan segala macam cara agar sumber dan bank dapat terjaga, dengan. Ditambah lagi sistem pengawasan terhadap sumber dana yang pada bank buku 1 termasuk tidak ketat baik internal maupun pengawasan eksternal. Secara umum ada tiga tahapan pencucian uang yang dilakukan melalui lembaga-lembaga keuangan khususnya perbankan placement, layering dan integration.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMATIKA KEWAJIBAN NOTARIS DALAM MELAPORKAN TRANSAKSI KEUANGAN MENCURIGAKAN","authors":"Tian Terina, Rendy Renaldy","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I1.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I1.606","url":null,"abstract":"Notaris wajib merahasiakan isi akta pengguna jasa dan keterangan yang diperoleh dalam pembuatan akta Notaris, kecuali diperintahkan oleh undang-undang bahwa Notaris tidak wajib merahasiakan dan memberikan keterangan yang diperlukan yang berkaitan dengan akta tersebut, dengan demikian hanya undang-undang saja  yang dapat memerintahkan Notaris untuk membuka rahasia isi akta dan keterangan atau pernyataan yang diketahui oleh Notaris yang berkaitan dengan pembuatan akta yang sesuai ketentuan Pasal 16 Ayat (1) huruf (f) Undang Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris. Fokus kajian dalam penelitian ini terkait kesesuaian implementasi Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pelaporan Transaksi Keuangan Mencurigakan, Pasal 3 oleh Notaris disandingkan dengan Pasal 16 Ayat (1) huruf f Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris serta tindakan kalangan Notaris dan Pengurus Daerah Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI) tentang kewajiban pelaporan transaksi keuangan mencurigakan oleh Notaris menurut Pasal 3 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan jawaban bahwa kewajiban merahasiakan isi akta dan segala keterangan lain yang berkaitan dengan akta notaris pada pasal 16 Ayat 1 huruf f UUJN, maka kerahasiaan ini memberikan celah dan tempat perlindungan bagi pergerakan dana hasil tindak pidana untuk melakukan kegiatan pencucian uang. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 43 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pihak Pelapor Dalam Pencegahan Dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, sebagaimana pada Pasal 3 mewajibkan notaris sebagai pihak pelapor atas dugaan tindak pidana, sedangkan notaris juga wajib untuk merahasiakan isi akta dan segala keterangan berkaitan dengan akta, sehingga Peraturan Pemerintah yang mewajibkan notaris sebagai pihak pelapor pada prinsipnya dapat dinyatakan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44441859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENARIKAN SECARA PAKSA OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA DALAM HUBUNGAN PERLINDUNGAN ANGSURAN KREDIT DEBITUR","authors":"Esca Sariayu Wulandari, R. Ridwan, Achmad Syarifuddin","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I1.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I1.368","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian tesis ini membahas tentang penarikan secara paksa objek jaminan fidusia dalam hubungan perlindungan angsuran kredit debitur. Pemberian pembiayaan yang diberikan kepada pihak konsumen sebagai debitur menjadi sebuah utang senilai pembiayaan yang diberikan berikut dengan bunga yang diperjanjian pembiayaaan oleh para pihak. Mengingat sifat perjanjian pembiayaan mengandung sebuah perikatan pokok dalam bentuk utang piutang, maka jasa pemberian pembiayaan juga membutuhkan adanya jaminan yang memadai sebagaimana disebut sebagai jaminan fidusia. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu mengenai bagaimana keabsahan penarikan objek Jaminan Fidusia secara paksa, serta bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap debitur atas prestasi (angsuran kredit) yang telah dilakukan terkait dengan penarikan  objek jaminan fidusia secara paksa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Jenis bahan hukum diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier, dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, dianalisis secara kualitatif, dengan teknik penarikan kesimpulan secara deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, penarikan jaminan fidusia secara paksa merupakan tindakan sah apabila telah memenuhi prosedur yang tepat dalam penarikan objek jaminan fidusia, tapi dalam praktiknya banyak menemukan masalah karena tidak ada aturan yang jelas tentang  penerima fidusia untuk mengambil objek yang menjadi jaminan fidusia dari pemberi fidusia. Justru yang biasa dialami penerima fidusia adalah penarikan secara paksa  oleh d ebt c ollector. Atas prestasi angsuran kredit yang dilakukan oleh debitur dalam hal terjadi penarikan objek jaminan Fidusia secara paksa tidak adanya perlindungan secara hukum yang jelas sehingga menjadi kerugian bagi debitur dalam arti tidak ada imblan atas prestasi debitur namun debitur merasakan manfaat pemakaian barang selama angsuran berlangsung.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46387696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KEWAJIBAN PEMBACAAN AKTA OTENTIK OLEH NOTARIS DI HADAPAN PENGHADAP DENGAN KONSEP CYBER NOTARY","authors":"Dwi Merlyani, Annalisa Yahanan, Agus Trisaka","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I1.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I1.358","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini mengkaji pembacaan akta otentik oleh notaris di hadapan penghadap terkait dengan konsep cyber notary . Pembacaan akta merupakan salah satu dari kewajiban seorang notaris dalam menjalankan tugas dan jabatannya. Ketentuan  pembacaan akta yang berbunyi bahwa “Notaris membacakan akta di hadapan penghadap dengan di hadiri oleh paling sedikit dua orang saksi, atau empat orang saksi khusus untuk pembuatan akta wasiat di bawah tangan, dan ditandatangani pada saat itu juga oleh penghadap, saksi, dan Notaris”,  sementara itu dalam pasal 1868 KUHPerdata di jelaskan bahwa “suatu akta otentik ialah suatu akta yang di buat dalam bentuk Undang-Undang oleh atau di hadapan pejabat berwenang untuk itu di tempat akta itu dibuat”, dari kedua ketentuan tersebut pembacaan akta di hadapan penghadap itu adalah wajib dilakukan. Sedangkan dalam cyber notary di sini posisi penghadap tidak langsung di hadapan notaris namun melalui alat video conference sehingga jarak bukan jadi masalah lagi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis filosofi pembacaan akta otentik oleh notaris di hadapan penghadap, menganalisis kekuatan hukum akta yang pembacaan dan penandatanganan akta berdasarkan konsep cyber notary . Untuk menganalisis bagaimanakah seharusnya pengaturan konsep cyber notary berlaku kedepannya terkait dengan kewajiban notaris membacakan akta otentik dihadapan penghadap berdasarkan Pasal 16 ayat  (1) huruf m Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) . Penelitian hukum ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembacaan akta dapat dilaksankan melalui video conference tetap sah sepanjang para pihak menyatakan persetujuannya dan dicantumkan dalam akta. Penadatanganan akta harus segera ditandatangani setelah akta tersebut dibacaka, tetapi penadatangan secara elektronik belum dapat dilakukan karena bertentangan dengan UUJN tentang keotentikan akta.  Walaupun dalam pelaksanannya belum dapat diterapkan mengingat kendala yuridis yang masih dihadapi notaris karena pertentangan undang-undang antara UUJN dan UU ITE.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TANGGUNG JAWAB NOTARIS DALAM MEMBUAT COVER NOTE SEBAGAI JAMINAN HUTANG ATAS SERTIFIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH YANG SEDANG DALAM PROSES PENDAFTARAN DI KANTOR PERTANAHAN","authors":"Vebby Damayanti, Mada Apriandi Zuhir, A. Mansyur","doi":"10.28946/RPT.V9I1.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28946/RPT.V9I1.570","url":null,"abstract":"Untuk meminimalisir risiko dalam perjanjian kredit, pada umumnya Bank (kreditur) menghendaki jaminan berupa Hak Tanggungan yang dibebankan atas bidang tanah terhadap objek jaminan yang masih dalam proses penerbitan sertifikat, maka kreditur atau debitur dapat meminta Notaris membuat cover note. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah terkait bagaimana pertanggungjawaban hukum Notaris dalam membuat cover note sebagai jaminan hutang atas sertifikat hak atas tanah apabila menimbulkan kerugian bagi para pihak, penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian bank terhadap cover note, serta bentuk tanggung jawab Notaris agar cover note tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum baik secara pidana maupun perdata. Jenis penelitian ini normatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum melalui studi kepustakaan, dianalisis secara kualitatif, dengan teknik penarikan kesimpulan secara deduktif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah, bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum Notaris apabila cover note menimbulkan kerugian bagi para pihak adalah sebatas mengembalikan nominal jasa pembuatan cover note, dikarenakan dalam menjalankan profesinya membuat akta otentik pada prinsipnya bersifat pasif. Notaris dapat dituntut pidana memalsu surat apabila sadar diketahui objek jaminan hutang fiktif. Adapun sanksi yang dikenakan berupa pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat. Penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian Bank dalam meminimalisir risiko cover note, maka pihak Bank harus menolak jaminan keterangan berupa cover note, dengan melaksanakan standar prosedur pembiayaan dengan menyampaikan kepada calon debitur bahwa Bank hanya akan melaksanakan prosedur pembiayaan apabila calon debitur telah benar-benar memiliki Sertifikat Hak Atas Tanah yang akan dibebani Hak Tanggungan. Bentuk tanggung jawab Notaris dalam membuat cover note sebagai jaminan hutang agar tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum adalah berkomitmen dalam kewajibannya melaksanakan jabatan secara jujur, mengikat secara moral, tidak berpihak, tepat waktu dalam pengurusan dokumen pengikatan, dan saksama memastikan kebenaran data dan fakta dokumen jaminan hutang. Kepada pemerintah, disarankan untuk memberi kepastian hukum terkait pelarangan penggunaan cover note sebagai jaminan hutang.","PeriodicalId":36789,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48797503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}