{"title":"Open-Source Network Slice Orchestration for B5G/6G: Assurance Use Case","authors":"Simona Marinova, A. Leon-Garcia","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167991","url":null,"abstract":"Assurance for network slices will be required in emerging application verticals such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and Industry 5.0. To achieve slice Service Level Agreement (SLA) assurance, an efficient network slicing orchestration is necessary. In this paper, we propose and end-to-end (ETE) slice orchestration platform that addresses the requirements of the assurance use case. We focus on the ETE SLA latency use case to provide an overview of the workflow for providing assurance in a slice-aware environment. We summarize relevant standards work and we identify the components that are needed in such a platform. We also survey the open-source alternatives to choose components that provide the required feature set and interoperability.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126422901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grant Free NOMA with Deep Learning for Massive IoT Applications","authors":"Abdullah Balcı, R. Sokullu","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167912","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) has become a very hot research topic in recent years because it aims to ensure one of the major goals of 5G and beyond– connecting any physical device without human interaction. This type of data has been defined as Machine-Type Communication (MTC). A major design issue is how to sustain the network performance when a very large number of devices access the network at the same time. To resolve this issue, many studies propose new spectrum efficient methods that aim to increase the throughput, energy efficiency and other network performance parameters. One of these solutions is NonOrthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), an alternative to wellknown orthogonal multiple access schemes. Even though NOMA was initially suggested for coordinated networks, it may be a feasible solution for the Massive IoT networks without coordinated access. The next generation networks should decide in a smart way. 6G-IoT networks also should be more intelligent with self-coordination. In this study Deep-Q-Network (DQN) based NOMA is proposed for the uncoordinated uplink transmission in IoT networks. According to the results proposed method is outperform the NOMA scheme with random selection in terms of throughput and power consumption.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129938204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gregor Cerar, Blaž Bertalanič, M. Mohorčič, M. Grobelnik, C. Fortuna
{"title":"Feature Management for Machine Learning Operation Pipelines in AI Native Networks","authors":"Gregor Cerar, Blaž Bertalanič, M. Mohorčič, M. Grobelnik, C. Fortuna","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167936","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key technology in various domains, including telecommunications. The use of AI in cellular networks has the potential to revolutionize the way we communicate by enabling new capabilities, improving network efficiency, and providing better user experiences. However, domain specific data transformations, pre-processing and management in modern data driven pipelines is yet to be addressed. In this paper we perform a discuss Machine Learning Operations automation for with focus on feature management and feature store selection. The design of features and their subsequent management by specialized feature stores are one of the key components of successful infrastructure automation. We also study existing feature stores qualitatively and quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Generalized Secretary Problem Algorithm for Secrecy-Achieving Relay Selection: A Good Complexity-Security Trade-off?","authors":"Elmehdi Illi, M. Qaraqe, Faissal El Bouanani","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167965","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a low-complexity generalized secretary problem (GSP) algorithm-based multi-relay selection scheme is proposed for enhancing the secrecy level of delay-sensitive communications. In detail, a number (i.e., K) of relays are suboptimally selected among a total of N ones in a dual-hop multi-relay wireless communication system to perform cooperative diversity. The signals reaching the destination from such selected relays are combined through the maximal-ratio combining technique under the presence of multiple eavesdroppers aiming to intercept the signals broadcasted by the selected relays. A novel analytical framework is derived, illustrating the probability of optimal selection using the proposed GSP-based approach. Then, the GSP’s algorithm performance in terms of security and complexity is evaluated and compared against the well-known optimal generalized selection combining scheme.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125229876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ömer Faruk Akyol, S. T. Basaran, Ibrahim Hökelek, Ali Gör¸In
{"title":"User Pairing and Beamforming Design in mmWave CR-NOMA Networks","authors":"Ömer Faruk Akyol, S. T. Basaran, Ibrahim Hökelek, Ali Gör¸In","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167915","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the coexistence of two promising technologies for 5G and beyond mobile networks, namely Cognitive Radio-based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (CR-NOMA) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication. The decoding performance of successive interference cancellation (SIC) significantly affects the coverage probability of the CR-NOMA network serving the primary and secondary users within a single frequency resource block. In this paper, we propose a user pairing algorithm to allocate primary and secondary users in an uplink mmWave CR-NOMA network, where the multi-antenna base station utilizes beamforming technology. The coverage probability is aimed to be maximized by selecting a secondary user in such a way that the Quality of service (QoS) requirements of both users are satisfied using the QoS-based SIC; otherwise, the channel state information-based SIC is utilized by selecting the secondary user with the best channel condition. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation experiments by varying the transmit power of the users, the number of antenna elements at the base station, and the number of secondary users in the network. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides the optimum coverage probability with lower complexity, especially in higher signal-to-noise ratio regimes.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128149884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning for Simplified Training in Fingerprinting Radio Localization","authors":"Nicola Novello, A. Tonello","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167948","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we assess the problem of radio localization based on fingerprinting. Although fingerprinting can provide precise localization in complex propagation environments, its drawback is the complexity of building the fingerprinting map. This map associates each location inside an area to a vector of Received Signal Strength (RSS) observations. This paper aims to answer the question: can we reduce the number of measurements to build a fingerprinting map for radio localization? To answer this question, we propose a new method based on sampling the environment intelligently. The method combines Deep Learning (DL) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques. Reinforcement learning allows us to find an optimal path to perform measurements in relevant areas under the constraint of a given route length the agent can walk. Training a neural network with the measured RSSs along that path provides high localization accuracy. Numerical results on a real data set show that the approach offers high localization accuracy despite lowering the distance covered to acquire data to train the neural network-based fingerprinting map.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"20 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113955482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-Step Deep Reinforcement Q-Learning based Relay Selection in Cooperative WPCNs","authors":"Gulnur Tolebi, T. Tsiftsis, G. Nauryzbayev","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167871","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an intelligent relay selection scheme employing deep reinforcement learning for a wireless powered cooperative network. We formulate the given problem as a Markov decision process with an unknown transitional probability between states. Therefore, a model-free off-policy relay selection model is proposed. The given model was deployed using a deep Q-network, with an updated relay selection process. Using channel characteristics, we find inaccessible nodes to form a pool of relays available for transmission and encourage the neural network to choose them. In addition, we propose a novel reward policy to train the model that is based on stored energy levels on the relays and promotes the system to expend energy. We numerically quantity the network performance in terms of outage probability and energy outage probability and compare them with the basic Q-learning.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125470677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy and Coverage Analysis of IP Geolocation Databases","authors":"A. Nur","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167899","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the geographical location of Internet hosts is crucial for researchers, governments, and commercial entities. While public and commercial geolocation services are commonly employed for this task, their accuracy in locating Internet hosts remains questionable. This paper studies the accuracy and coverage of four popular geolocation databases; MaxMind, DBIP, IP2Location, and IPGeolocationIO. We assess the consistency and comprehensiveness of these services by analyzing the entire IPv4 space. Furthermore, we investigate the issue at the prefix level since geolocation databases typically provide location data at that level. Finally, we create a ground truth dataset by employing a DNS-based approach and publicly available vendor locations to evaluate the accuracy of the databases. Our findings indicate that these databases provide comprehensive coverage, whereas their accuracy is far from satisfactory. Therefore, it is essential to use the information obtained from these databases cautiously and verify its accuracy before making any decisions based on it.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124608150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"QoE Estimation for the Wi-Fi Edge with Gradient Boosting-based Machine Learning","authors":"Berke Argın, Mehmet Ozgun Demir, Aysun Gurur Önalan, Elif Dilek Salik, Ece Gelal Soyak","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167908","url":null,"abstract":"An integral part of the Intent-Based Networking paradigm is estimating and improving the end-user quality of experience (QoE). Estimating user experience from the (wide-area) network data alone does not accurately represent the performance at customer premises since Wi-Fi at the edge also significantly affects the perceived QoE. We propose machine learning-based estimation of the end-users’ perceived QoE for web browsing and video streaming applications, based on Wi-Fi statistics. We implement support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), multilayer perceptron (MLP), XGBoost, and CatBoost algorithms and compare their performance. To the best of our knowledge, our CatBoost-based model yields the highest accuracy to date, 0.92 R2, in estimating the QoE for web browsing based on Wi-Fi statistics. Our experiments also show that the XGBoost-based QoE estimator outperformed the neural network-based model in estimating the QoE for video streaming. Our work demonstrates that network operators can infer the user-perceived QoE in a Wi-Fi network through telemetry data obtained by passive measurements.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124228076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gokcan Cantali, Eren Deniz, Ozcan Ozay, Onur Yildirim, Gürkan Gür, F. Alagoz
{"title":"PIM Detection in Wireless Networks as an Anomaly Detection Problem","authors":"Gokcan Cantali, Eren Deniz, Ozcan Ozay, Onur Yildirim, Gürkan Gür, F. Alagoz","doi":"10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BalkanCom58402.2023.10167980","url":null,"abstract":"As the number of base stations keeps increasing due to ever-growing wireless services and pervasive connectivity, the cost of operation for network service providers rises proportionally. In addition, with the evolution of wireless technology and development of next generation networks such as 5G and 6G, network operators are expected to encounter more complex challenges soon. One such network issue is the Passive Inter-modulation (PIM) problem that is observed in both 4G and 5G networks. Although there is a significant body of work regarding PIM detection and cancellation methods, majority of such studies depend on hardware solutions and manual investigation by network engineers, which is costly in terms of time and labor. In this paper, we propose a time-series based anomaly detection method, for identifying PIM problems in network sites. The proposed solution utilizes a set of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) data of base stations, obtained from network management systems for a significantly long time interval, and detects possible PIM problems in a site without the need for a human-in-the-loop. We measure the performance of our solution, with the guidance of experienced network engineers, on our collected dataset.","PeriodicalId":363999,"journal":{"name":"2023 International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124869303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}