East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies最新文献

{"title":"Psychosocial Challenges Facing Orphaned Children and Caregivers in Tanzanian Institutionalized Orphanage Centres","authors":"Theophil Christopher, M. A. Mosha","doi":"10.37284/eajis.4.1.444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.4.1.444","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated psychosocial challenges facing orphaned children and caregivers as well as possible intervention strategies that could be adopted to mitigate these challenges in the institutionalised orphaned children centres in Ubungo Municipal, Dar es Salaam. The study used a qualitative research approach and a descriptive research design. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select six orphanage centres. The study had a sample of 67 participants including children receiving orphanage care at the institutionalised orphaned children centres, caregivers and directors of the centres who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and a non-observation method and were sorted and coded based on themes and presented according to the research questions. Thematic analysis was used in qualitative data. Findings from the study revealed that orphaned children were supported with various services including food, clothes, accommodation, health services, spiritual and educational support, life skills, sports and games. It was found further that the orphans were faced with a lack of adequate health facilities including health insurance coverage, educational materials, sports gear and in some centres inadequate clean and safe water. Caregivers lack counselling knowledge and skills. Therefore, the study recommends community participation in providing care to orphaned children and equipping caregivers with relevant knowledge and skills to perform their duties competently","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121898792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding African Socio-Cultural Context: Contemporary Challenges to Christian Missions in the 21st Century.","authors":"Amina Hassan, Kaggwa Rehema","doi":"10.37284/eajis.3.1.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.3.1.425","url":null,"abstract":"Heuristically, the paper seeks to understand the religious perception of Africans otherwise regarded as the indigenous people and their contact with the missionary message. It adopts a historical, hermeneutical, and critical interpretation of some preconceived ideas about Africans as well as their reactions to the gospel message. It discovers that the introduction of the faith was done with clear intentions; slavery and economic exploitation, prejudices, and hence the demeaning attitude and bastardisation of the rich socio-cultural background of the people. However, the wisdom of the continent paved the way for the accommodation of messages. The paper concludes by recommending the following as some of the way forward: the messenger bearing the message should seek to know the socio-cultural background of African tradition, the Jesus’ attitude of non-condemnation should be adopted as a global standard for all missionary volunteers to present-day Africa in order to put on record the right perspective about the people and lastly, African charismatic which has played a dominant role in the daily lives of the people has been enculturated into the life of the churches in Africa as evidenced in the dance pattern and gospel music, these should be greatly encouraged.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132766561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Iconic Pillar of Hope in a Rural Township: The Emergence, Growth and Development of AIC Kapsowar Mission Hospital","authors":"Nelson Amdany Kiptoo, D. Nyakwaka, I. Tarus","doi":"10.37284/eajis.3.1.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.3.1.390","url":null,"abstract":"The article is about the emergence, growth and development of AIC Kapsowar Mission Hospital, the hospital that was central to the development of Kapsowar town since its establishment in 1934. The hospital was so iconic in the sense that it opened Marakwet District to the rest of the world. The hospital created employment opportunities for Kenyans who flocked the town in their thousands in search of jobs. Kapsowar which was once a frontier town transformed into a medical town making it display many signs of prosperity. However, it was not easy for the Africans living in Kapsowar to let go of their lands. They had to fight back and protect what according to them was given to them by their deity ASIS. Among the Marakwet, land was communally owned and its use was decided by the community elders. Individuals did not own land as the sole owners but the land was in the custody of clans. This factor made it very hard for the missionaries to acquire land to establish the mission hospital when they first arrived at the place. The locals were only convinced after a series of successful surgeries were conducted by the mission doctors and that was when they allowed them to settle in their land. That move marked the beginning of a new civilisation among the Marakwet. Many women began to visit the hospital for child delivery, and child mortality rate reduced drastically owing to the good works of the mission doctors. All the good things brought about by the mission Hospital including the development of the town, employment opportunities, improved infrastructure among others notwithstanding, challenges never seized to hit the Mission hospital and the latest challenge was posed by the outbreak of the novel corona virus in 2020 causing a lot of fear and panic to both the doctors and the patients.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125922621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Sharing as a Determinant of Implementation of Nyumba Kumi Community Policing Initiative in Kericho County, Kenya","authors":"Kiplangat M Nicholas, Wilson Muna","doi":"10.37284/eajis.3.1.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.3.1.382","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the establishment of the Nyumba Kumi initiative and concerted efforts by interested stakeholders to cushion crime in order to flatten the insecurity curve, crime and social disorder still stands out in Kenya, thus making it an area of interest to carry out further investigation in this area. With the growing urbanization and national development, there are signs of complexity and multiplicity of criminal offences and actions raising questions about whether the initiative is achieving its set objectives. It is a policing in which police and citizens take a central role in the affairs of security; one rationale for public involvement is the realization that police alone cannot either guarantee nor create safe communities. Therefore, the study sought to find out information sharing as a determinant of implementation of the Nyumba Kumi community policing initiative in Kericho County, Kenya. This study was guided by Broken Windows Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted; the study used both qualitative and quantitative data. A target population was 1,842 households in the four villages. A simple random technique was used to get information from the sample size of 328 household members distributed proportionally across the villages in Nyagacho in the case of probability sampling. Purposive sampling technique was used to get information from two administrative officers that are area Chief and Assistant Chief, four chairpersons of Nyumba Kumi clusters in the area. Descriptive statistics and measures of association were used to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. It was followed by analysis using inferential statistics such as regression analysis to examine the effects of independent variables on the Nyumba Kumi security initiative. Presentation of qualitative data was done in the form of themes, figures and tables. The findings revealed that information sharing improves security through the circulation of information. Nyumba Kumi initiative uses the door-to-door strategies as well as meetings set by chiefs and Assistant Chiefs. However, there are no sufficient financial resources as well as equipment that could be utilized in crime prevention among the Nyumba Kumi initiative. The study concluded that information sharing had a significant influence on the implementation of Nyumba Kumi policing. The study recommended that government should provide resources as well as facilitate cohesion within the Nyumba Kumi through developing structures and sufficient policies to guide in the implementation of the Nyumba Kumi Community Policing initiative.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116604428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repositioning Pan-Africanism for Human Security in the 21st Century","authors":"M. O. Ikeke","doi":"10.37284/eajis.3.1.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.3.1.372","url":null,"abstract":"Africa in the 21st century is still troubled by myriads of problems. These problems include neo-colonialism, modern slavery, ethnicism, racism, xenophobic attacks, environmental degradation, human trafficking, sexual exploitation, war, famine, terrorism, conflicts, etc. All these problems gravely impede human security. Human security is more than military or national security and refers to all that constitutes the good life and makes life more abundant for the people. Human securities include the access to food, portable water, education, good environment, human rights, etc. Resolving and combating these problems will require concerted efforts on the part of many if not all African nations in the continent and Diaspora. Some of these problems cut across national boundaries. Problems like terrorism, illegal migration, human trafficking, sexual exploitation, xenophobic attacks, etc cut across national borders. Though Pan-Africanism may have waned in strength it can be repositioned to harness African cultural and historic values to combat its contemporary problems in the 21st century. A hermeneutic method will be used to interpret the meaning and import of Pan-Africanism and human security. A critical analytic method will be used to discuss the issues. The paper finds and concludes that Pan-Africanism can be re-positioned to enable Africa combat the problems facing her.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"460 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124492733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teachers’ Collegiality and its Influence on Learners’ Academic Performance in Public Secondary Schools of Baringo North Sub-County, Kenya","authors":"Kimeto Jeniffer, Stephen Tomno Cheboi","doi":"10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.358","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to establish the effects of teachers’ collegiality on learners’ academic performance in public secondary schools of Baringo North Sub-County, Kenya. The study employed mixed methods approach which utilized questionnaires and interview schedules. It adopted a descriptive research design in carrying out the study. The target population comprised 27 principals and 216 teachers in the 27 public secondary schools of Baringo North Sub County. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 138 teachers while 24 principals were purposively selected. From these populations, two schools were selected to pilot the research tools where a reliable Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.77 was obtained upon computation. Validity of the research instruments was carried out by the University supervisor and necessary revision done. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from teachers while interview schedule was used to collect qualitative data from principals. Quantitative data were analysed to obtain means, percentages, and standard deviation. Qualitative data on the other hand were analysed and presented thematically alongside the quantitative data. Inferential statistics were run to test the null hypothesis using Pearson’s Linear Correlation Coefficient. The findings established that teachers’ collegiality influences learners’ KCSE academic performance in public secondary schools of Baringo North Sub-County. However, there was a weak positive correlation between teachers’ collegiality and learners’ academic performance. It also established that though collegiality was not fully practiced there was a strong synergy among teachers to improve learners’ performance. The study recommends that teachers need to be supported by headteachers to collaborate to offer the best services to their learners and create more meaningful work. School headteachers should enhance teamwork among teachers to perform their best and staff members should meet or interact regularly, share ideas and expertise to attain higher performance.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115987664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allocative Inefficiency of General Hospitals in Poor Countries: A Case Study of Uganda","authors":"Max Ajanga","doi":"10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.346","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing costs of healthcare arising largely from the growing population and emergence of non-communicable diseases have exerted pressure on healthcare budgets in poor countries. With a funding gap of 7% to realize WHO recommended target of 15 percent of GDP in Uganda, there is a need for hospitals to be efficient in allocation of financial resources in order to provide the required level of healthcare services. Most studies on Uganda have focused on the technical inefficiency of general hospitals and evidence on their allocative inefficiency is limited.  Understanding the sources of inefficiency in the allocation of finances in general hospitals in Uganda is important to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the allocative inefficiency of the general hospitals in Uganda in order to provide a source of misuse of public allocations to a particular general hospital. Panel data from 22 general hospitals for the period 1997-2007 were used. Allocative inefficiency was estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The findings show that general hospitals are systematically allocatively inefficient in distributing the public funds given to them.  The allocative inefficiencies value is high on payments of employee benefits (34.8 percent), followed by the purchase of drugs (29.2%) and lastly, costs on utilities like electricity and water (14.1%). To address the existing allocative inefficiencies, general hospitals in Uganda can improve the process of hiring of labour and management of staff payroll; monitor procurement of drugs, and reduce wastages in the use of utilities.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116571849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Influence of Performance Standard on Quality Public Service Delivery in National Government Administration in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya","authors":"Kibet Rodgers Sirkoi, P. Omboto, R. Musebe","doi":"10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.318","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of high-quality public service has for a long time been a challenge, especially in developing nations. There is an outcry of poor service provision in the public sector. This necessitated the government to implement performance appraisal which is an integral component of performance management strategy for the achievement of high quality of service delivery. The paper determined the perceived influence of performance standards on quality public service delivery in the National Government Administration in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. This study was anchored on Goal setting theory. An Explanatory research design was used. The study targeted a population of 219 National Government Administrative Officers (NGAOs) which yielded a sample of 141 respondents. The research utilised a stratified sampling technique while closed-ended questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were realised through conducting a pilot study, Cronbach Alpha tests and guidance from research study supervisors. Mean and standard deviation was calculated, while multiple regression analysis (MRA) was used for inferential statistics. The t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses of the study at a 5% significant level, while the f-test was applied to test the relationship between performance appraisal and quality public service delivery at a 5% significant level. The study finding revealed that performance standards had significant influence on quality of service deliver (β2 = .161; p = .046 < .05). The study concluded that performance standards influenced quality public service delivery in National Government Administration in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The study recommends that National Government Administration should fully implement all the stages and stick to requirements of performance appraisal to achieve the provision of high-quality public service delivery. The study suggests further studies be done on performance-based compensation.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129450275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Tutors’ Social Reconstruction Orientation on Choice of Instructional Approaches in Public Primary Teachers’ Training Colleges in Kenya","authors":"J. Mutisya, W. Itolondo, Samson Kariuki Ikinya","doi":"10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/EAJIS.3.1.268","url":null,"abstract":"Education acts as an instrument of social reconstruction and therefore, it must be capable of stabilising social order and conserving culture in the society to ensure sustainability. Tutor beliefs about a curriculum for social changes and adaptability upon which social reconstruction orientation is premised is vital in developing knowledge, skills, attitudes and values in teacher trainees is much needed to adapt to the ever-changing global demands. This study sought to determine tutors’ preference on the choice of instructional approaches; to determine tutors’ level of social reconstruction orientation to the teacher education curriculum and to establish the relationship between tutors’ social reconstruction orientation and choice of instructional approaches in public primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. This study adopted a correlational approach with a convergent mixed-methods approach. Questionnaires, interviews, classroom observation and document analysis were used to collect data. The sample population involved 178 tutors, 35 HODs, 20 classrooms and 4 documents purposively selected from five public primary teacher training colleges in Kenya. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data as per the study objectives. The study found no significant relationship between social reconstruction orientation and choice of instructional approaches. Consequently, this may impact negatively on the development of a teacher that is engaged, empowered, ethical and globally competitive as is proposed in the current teacher education reforms in Kenya. The inadequate representation, the restricted framework, limited provision of interactive learning activities and policy on the integration of societal issues in the primary teacher education curriculum provided a poor link between theory on societal issues and practice. Professional development of tutors and relevant stakeholder engagement are crucial in changing the mindsets of tutors with regard to teaching a curriculum for social reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131613242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Financial Rewards in Enhancing Academic Staff Performance in Public Universities in Uganda","authors":"Joseph Rwothumio, Daniel Mange Mbirithi, W. Itolondo","doi":"10.37284/eajis.2.1.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.2.1.256","url":null,"abstract":"This article examined the financial reward practice implemented by universities to improve on the performance of lecturers in Uganda’s public universities. The main objectives of the research were to investigate the relationship between financial reward and teaching and research outputs of academic staff in selected public universities. A mixed method design using convergent parallel approach was employed to collect and analyse data obtained from the study. A sample of 299 participants was drawn from academic staff, directors of human resources, and Vice chancellors. Results indicated a weak positive relationship between financial reward and academic staff teaching output in public universities (r=0.282, p<0.01). There existed further a weak positive relationship between financial reward and academic staff research output (r=0.211, p<0.01). It would suffice to effect appropriate financial rewards to academic staff based on a living wage.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121434079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}