East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies最新文献

{"title":"The Influences of Education Level and Multiple Incomes on Extension of Life after Retirement among Tanzanians","authors":"M. L. Bukwimba","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.701","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines education level and multiple income of retired people in the United Republic of Tanzania influences retirees to live longer after retirement (longevity). Basing on the results produced by this study, they imply that a number of factors influence the longevity of retirees with varying statistical magnitude and particularly for the period of scrutiny. The findings showed that 87.7% of retirees having secondary school and tertiary education as their highest level of education were paid less than 199,999 TZS per month as compared to 16.7% who received same pension amount attained University education level. Meanwhile, the facts supporting that having multiple sources of income improves the welfare of a human being and hence early death immediately after leaving the job is minimized, there is only 13.51% of those having several sources of income died (figure 4.4) while an average of 87.8% of those with numerous incomes survived within eight years of their retirement period. The results depicts that there is no direct relation between education level and the survival or non-survival of the retirees but the impact of education level towards longevity may be seen through pension amounts and through investments. In other words, the results imply that death or survival of a person do not necessarily depend on education level of that particular person but rather remain to be a contingent. ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"10887 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125169905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Study on Driving Time and Crime Events of Bajaj-Motor Tri-Cycles in Mogadishu City- Somalia in January-April 2022","authors":"Hassan Bedel Khalif, Abdulsatar Mukhtar Abubakar, A. Mohamed, Omar Abdulle Omar","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.676","url":null,"abstract":"The study was a descriptive study on driving time and crime events of Bajaj-motor tri-cycles in Mogadishu city- Somalia in January 2022. It was investigating the prevalence and challenges of passengers on Moto Bajaj at a different point in time of the day. As shown by the evidence of prior studies that Kidnapping, rape, murder and Robbery were very common based on the time of the day. The study aimed to investigate the status of Kidnapping, rape, murder, and Robbery in Banadir region. The study collected through KOBO, an electronic means of data collection from a sample size of 350, randomly selected using systematic sampling and descriptive cross sectional study design. Data was analysed using SPSS, frequency table, charts analysis was employed. Based on the study findings that the study contributed, the following times in the day midnight, evening and late afternoon as an imbedded risk for all types of Moto Baja passengers including the innocent civilian property, dignity of young girls and life, as these are the essential human rights. The study found that a rape and abduction were more common during midnight travellers with Moto Bajaj while robbery was very common during afternoon and evening times. These are the study contribution by informing the public to have further precautions and safety when travelling midnight, evening and later afternoon times in the day and should provoke to your thoughts and do some mitigation measures. The study discovered that the contributing factors include unemployment, drug abuse, and travelling dark places in the city to the crime events in the capital city Mogadishu. The study recommends Minimal safe time for travelling with Baja moto is at the day light in the late morning and noon and early afternoon. Minimize or avoid travelling with Moto Bajaj at evening and late afternoon times. As this has revealed certain risk of exposure for robbery The study recommends to the Authority to increase and create job opportunities as employment is one of the contributing factors for the crime events. All types of passengers should be alerted when it is the only option to travel with Moto Bajaj whose driver is a drug user, or traveling in dark places in the Mogadishu, as this will put the additional risk of being exposed to crime events.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126912919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Socio-economic Characteristics and Livelihood Outcomes of Households Receiving Cash Transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Tigania West, Meru County","authors":"Eliud Mutwiri Festus, Joan Kabaria-Muriithi, C. Njuguna","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.663","url":null,"abstract":"Cash Transfer Programmes have been seen to positively contribute to livelihoods of vulnerable populations in most African countries. Although several studies have been conducted on the effects of cash transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC), few have been done to investigate the effects of the programme on the beneficiary households. This study sought to assess the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer Department programme for orphans and vulnerable children and livelihood outcomes. The study employed mixed methods research design and had a sample size of 281 research participants who comprised household heads. Quantitative data was coded and entered in computer for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28. Descriptive data was analysed through descriptive statistics and presented in tables, frequencies, and percentages. The relationship between the study variables was measured through correlation analysis while the effect of socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer programme on livelihood outcomes was done through multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between socio-economic characteristics and livelihood outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children. In addition, the socio-economic characteristics accounted for 16.3 percent of livelihood outcomes. The study recommends that the Ministry for Public Service, Gender, Senior Citizen Affairs and Special Programmes should review the existing policies on the cash transfer programmes to incorporate the assessment of the socio-economic characteristics of beneficiary households before enrolment into the programme. Additionally, the Ministry for planning should entrench livelihood outcomes in their performance indicators to ensure value for the money allocated to cash transfer programmes by the national Treasury.  ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"37 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114286304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Vulnerability to Crime Victimization among Urban Residents in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"John Ndikaru Wa Teresia","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.618","url":null,"abstract":"The mushroom of the informal settlements in urban spaces has confined the urban poor in deplorable life at the periphery of socio-economic development. The residents in these informal settlements do not just have to grapple with a deprived lifestyle, they are also the key targets of criminality that is rampant in their neighbourhood. This study examined the demographic vulnerability to crime victimization amongst the informal settlement residents. The study focused on four slums in Nairobi, which included Kibera, Mathare, Korogocho, and Mukuru slums. The systematic sampling design was used to determine the 659 respondents. The questionnaires were administered to the respondents, this was quantitatively and qualitatively filled by the respondents to ensure a higher response rate. The study established that most residents were victimized by crime at least once and the common crime included the brewing and consumption of illicit brew. The other commonly experienced crimes included general robbery, burglary, muggings, drugs, assault, murder, robbery with violence, pickpocketing, sexual abuse, arson, kidnapping. Most of the residents lived with the fear of criminal victimization, with nearly a half of them falling victims of crime in the past year. Most of these criminal activities happened early in the evening and early in the morning and were perpetrated on the victims either along the way or in their homes. The crimes were mostly conducted with a weapon and the criminal attacks were often carried out by the youth and middle-aged individuals. The study recommended the establishment of sensitization programs to educate the residents about crime in their neighbourhood and the available ways of seeking justice. The study also recommended the enhancement of community policing in the informal settlement to protect the vulnerable girls who are susceptible to victimization due to the illicit brew that is sold and consumed in their neighbourhood","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124375921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Integrative Framework for Biodiversity Conservation and Pastoralists’ Resilience to Impact of Climate Change in Northern Tanzania Rangelands","authors":"Laurent Joseph","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.597","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at developing a sustainable integrative framework for biodiversity conservation and pastoralists’ resilience to impacts of climate change (SIBCPRF) The SIBCPRF was developed after assessing the impacts with a high rate on the pastoralists in northern Tanzania rangelands. The study used different approaches and methods for data collection: exploration of secondary information, observation, household survey, structured interview and focus group discussion. The sample included 312 respondents. The study revealed that climate change has impacted the biodiversity and pastoralists’ livelihoods in many ways like shortage of water, death of livestock, the rise of conflicts, and migration. In turn, the study discovered that the pastoralists have been adapting and resilient to the impact of climate change by adopting various strategies like control of animal reproduction, use of by-laws, use of ingaron system (enclosure of a place for some time), and migration from one place to another with livestock for the search of pasture and water. However, the strategy seems to have shortcomings such as to cause of conflict with neighbours, farmers, separation of families, and death of livestock due to a long walk distance. The study concludes that it is important for the pastoralists’ communities to resilient and adapt to impacts of climate change so as to conserve the biodiversity and for their well-being. This can only be done if there is a clear tool guiding them on how to sustainably resilient and adapt. It is from this perspective the SIBCPRF was developed to properly address the highest-rated impacts of climate change during dry seasons. The SIBCPRF to climate change developed considered Ecosystem-based Approach (EbA), Impact Specific Approach (ISA), and the Enclosure System (ES). The formulation of SIBCPRF assumes that it is the role of each community to address climate change risks by implementing the appropriate strategies and plans provided to them (pastoralists).","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125161265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Resource Management and Maintenance Culture in Nigerian Universities","authors":"Stella Ofor-Douglas","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.566","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with physical resource management and maintenance culture in Nigerian universities. Physical resource is the resource that can be seen (tangible). Resource management is the proper utilization and management of resources such that they are adequate and efficient for the needs of individuals in an organization. The importance of resource management in universities is to see whether the human resource is over or under-allocated in a particular faculty in the university to avoid wastage. Maintenance culture refers to the measures taken so that materials and resources are maintained properly. Universities refer to institutions of higher learning whereby an individual seeks to further his education after the secondary school level. The absence/ poor maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities would undoubtedly lead to a decline in the productivity of the university. This paper is to provide a means of efficient management and maintenance of physical resource in Nigerian universities. The objective of this paper is to proffer solutions to the challenges of effective management and maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities. The challenges facing the effective management and maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities were provided in this paper to include inadequate funding, inadequate facilities, and misuse of university facilities, amongst others. A conclusion was made and a way forward for the challenges facing the efficient management and maintenance of physical resource in Nigerian universities were provided. This includes the provision of adequate funds, punishment of greedy administrators that covert funds, provision of adequate modern facilities, proper maintenance of physical resource from time to time, amongst others.  ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132749220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Availability of Institutional Resources and Academic Performance of Catholic-sponsored Secondary Schools in Kericho Diocese, Kenya","authors":"Stephen Nyamwaya Obwoge, H. Sang, L. Langat","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.559","url":null,"abstract":"The academic performance of the most private and public secondary schools in Kenya has indicated rapid decline, which has hindered the learning institutions from achieving their set goals. The deteriorated performance may be attributed to several factors, such as insufficient resources. One vital mechanism to be employed by the schools in achieving good performance is the effective utilization of institutional resources. However, there is limited literature on to what extent institutional resources availability can improve the performance of secondary schools. On this note, the paper sought to examine the relationship between institutional resources availability and academic performance of Catholic-sponsored secondary schools in Kericho Diocese, Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. A correlational research design was employed, and the target population was comprised of 789 graduate teachers. Stratified random sampling was also used to determine a sample size of 266 respondents. Primary data was obtained by use of a structured questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using correlation and regression analysis and presented using frequency tables. The findings from the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between institutional resources availability and academic performance of Catholic-sponsored secondary schools (R = 0.659; β = 0.223; p < 0.05). The study results indicated that institutional resources availability influenced Catholic-sponsored secondary schools’ performance by 67.2% (R2 = 0.672). Therefore, the study recommends that secondary schools effectively utilize institution resources to implement the strategic plan, which will improve their performance.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131906264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women Terrorists and Violent Actors in the Lens of the Media in Kenya: 1980-2019","authors":"Catheline Bosibori Nyabwengi","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.540","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing role of women in violence and terrorist-related activities across the globe, stereotypes depicting violence and terrorism as a male sphere continue to shape and, in some cases, prevent the authentic presentation of women terrorists and violent actors. Essentially, war and violence are attributed to men and masculine traits. Accordingly, women are mainly presented as intrinsically vulnerable, coerced actors, or violence victims in violence and terrorism. The media plays an essential role in disseminating information about terrorism and violence to the public. However, it does not operate in a vacuum, and thus, reportage of violence and terrorism at times reflects the prevailing cultural gender stereotypes of war and violence. This paper explores how the media present women terrorists and violent actors in Kenya. It also explores how this presentation impacts security initiatives and counter-terrorism strategies in the country. The paper uses accessible evidence from media reports on various female terrorists, terrorist attacks, and security operations to examine these aspects. It argues that the media labels women terrorists as vulnerable and focuses on their age, physical outlook, and statuses rather than the violent act perpetrated. Such presentation paints an image of irrational, naïve, coerced female terrorists and victims of violence. Accordingly, the paper recommends that the media-mediated images must not influence the implementation of anti-terror and violence policies since they do not necessarily reflect the reality on the ground.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116589046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Tutor Confidence and ICT Integration in Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya","authors":"B. Chemwei","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.524","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increases in computer access and technology training, ICT is not adequately being used to support instruction in teacher education institutions. Unless teachers improve their ability to use existing technology, they will encounter various difficulties. One of the most notable of these difficulties is that they cannot respond to the expectations of their students. Research has shown that the self-confidence of teachers affects their use of technology in instruction. The study assessed the confidence of tutors in primary teacher training colleges regarding the integration of ICT in the teaching and learning practice in Kenya. There are a number of ICT projects that are equipping Kenyan institutions of learning with computers and establishing internet connectivity. But the body of literature on studies among tutors is so scanty, leaving a noticeable gap in the literature about tutors’ level of ICT integration in instruction. The study sought to establish the relationship between tutor confidence and their level of ICT integration teacher training colleges in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate tutors’ confidence in the use of ICT in teaching. The simple random sampling technique was used to select six teacher training colleges in Kenya and 169 respondents who participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data collected was analysed descriptively for frequencies, means, standard deviation, and percentages. The significance of relationships and differences of variables were tested using Pearson moment Correlation and Regression analysis. Results indicated that there is a low level of ICT integration in teaching in all teacher training colleges. A significant relationship was found between the tutor's confidence and their level of ICT integration in teaching (β3= 0.535, p<0.05). It was thus recommended that: College tutors should be given adequate exposure for them to be able to utilize ICT facilities in their classrooms. Colleges should also computerize most activities by buying computerized software within departments. This will compel most tutors to acquire the requisite skills. The ministry of education should also embrace ICT and demand professional documents from college tutors be typed and sent online.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115132435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Colonial Policies on the Waata People of Kilifi County, Kenya, 1895-1963","authors":"Cyprian Kioko Wambua, P. Wekesa, S. Mwangi","doi":"10.37284/eajis.4.1.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.4.1.508","url":null,"abstract":"The Waata community is among the indigenous Kenyan communities whose social, political, and economic organization has not been adequately studied. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of colonial policies on the history of the Waata people of Kilifi County in the period 1895-1963. The study was guided by the cultural interaction and identity formation theory. The study was conducted using the descriptive research design which offered a chronology of events as they unfolded over time. A qualitative approach was significant because it allowed an in-depth collection of data to ascertain the attitudes, feelings, and opinions concerning the theme under study. The study site was Kilifi County. The study targeted both males and females above 18 years within Kilifi County who were knowledgeable about the existence of the Waata people. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to select the sample for the study. One hundred and twenty-two participants were interviewed. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was derived from the one-on-one interaction with participants using interview schedules and Key Informant Interviews, oral interviews, and focus group discussions. Question guides and questionnaires with open-ended responses were also used. Secondary data was obtained from critical analysis of books, articles, papers, thesis, and dissertations. Additionally, archival sources, particularly colonial documents, annual reports, correspondents, letters, diaries, and political record books related to the area under study were consulted. The findings of the study revealed that colonial policies impacted significantly on the history of the Waata forcing them to adapt to different lifestyles in order to survive cultural extinction. This adaptation was informed by the colonial labelling of traditional hunting communities like the Waata as poachers and the progressive government efforts to stop them from their traditional source of livelihood as well as their eviction from their indigenous habitats and creation of National Parks.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114440627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}