Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia最新文献

{"title":"Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish by Charles J. Halperin (review)","authors":"Russell E. Martin","doi":"10.1353/reg.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132436105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Uncanny: Personal Narratives about the House Spirit (Domovoi) Collected among Old Believers in Eastern Kazakhstan","authors":"Alevtina D. Tsvetkova, N. Kononenko","doi":"10.1353/reg.2021.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2021.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In addition to their own interpretation of Christianity, Old Believers in eastern Kazakhstan believe in spirits that link lived space to the people who occupy this space. These beliefs are expressed in personal narratives. The house spirit, or domovoi, is an anomalous creature connected to both the physical structure of the home and to the family that inhabits it. The spirit is of ambiguous gender. It supports religious actions such as blessing the home, and yet its misbehavior can be controlled by priests, by special persons who have no connection to religion, or by cursing the spirit. As a contradictory and anomalous being, the spirit allows Old Believers to explain uncanny events and offer prescriptions for dealing with such events. Analysis of Old Believer personal narratives about the domovoi can provide the distance that helps us understand contemporary attempts to deal with the uncanny, such as conspiracy theories.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130201325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remains of Socialism: Memory and the Futures of the Past in Postsocialist Hungary by Maya Nadkarni (review)","authors":"L. Kürti","doi":"10.1353/reg.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public-Private Partnership Development in Russia and Abroad: Issues and Solutions","authors":"Y. Avdokushin, A. S. Bednyakov","doi":"10.1353/reg.2021.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2021.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The public-private partnership (PPP) model, which means long-term pooling of resources of public and private partners with agreed upon division of risks, responsibilities, and results between them, in order to solve important state tasks and/or implement infrastructure projects in the public interest, has been successfully used by many countries for the development of public infrastructure. In addition to direct economic effects, public-private partnership can have indirect effects, including a positive impact on institutional development, which is one of the key conditions for economic growth. In Russia, this form of cooperation between the state and private individuals holds great untapped potential. To analyze the ways in which it is used more actively the authors of the present article conducted an applied study aimed at identifying reasons for the state’s appeal to the PPP model, as well as the forms of interaction that preceded PPP in solving important state tasks. Success factors for this model of infrastructure development were identified as a result of thorough analysis of its implementation in advanced economies, on the one hand, and econometric analysis of the quality of infrastructure and infrastructure gap for a wider array of countries, on the other. An analysis of patterns of infrastructure projects launched under the public-private partnership scheme in Russia is presented, including regional and sectoral analysis of the use of PPP schemes. The study’s results allow identification of key areas of improvement needed in economic policy designed to increase the attractiveness of PPP for private investors and boost its economic effectiveness. Finally, the authors issue recommendations that take into account international experience.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132785443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Nationalizing Regimes: Conceptualizing Power and Identity in the Post-Soviet Realm by Diana T. Kudaibergenova (review)","authors":"Matthew Blackburn","doi":"10.1353/reg.2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Diana T. Kudaibergenova’s monograph is a welcome contribution to the study of nation-building, nationalism, and minority integration in Kazakhstan and Latvia, cases previously compared in landmark studies by David D. Laitin and Pål Kolstø.1 Kudaibergenova’s contribution moves beyond the paradigms dominant in the late 1990s and into the complex developments of the last two decades. The book’s central framework is “nationalizing regimes” and, with an ambitious and wide-ranging scope, it considers the political uses of nationalism in the two countries. The book brings the fascinating perspective of a researcher with extended experience of living in both countries to tackle challenging and vital questions of power, identity, and politics. With an innovative approach and a variety of empirical data on view, the author has assembled some fascinating insights into the contemporary development of the two countries examined. In conceptual terms, the framework of “nationalizing regimes” is explained in dense and, at times, hard to follow, theoretical language. The author argues that nation-building is “the most powerful space that guides political decision-making mechanisms post-1991” (5) and aims to explore why “the exclusiveness of a certain ethnic or national group” is made “the cornerstone” of political legitimation. By defining “nationalizing regimes” as “the politically defined power field of a regime guided by control and an obsession with nationalism” (6), the author leaves one wondering what is meant by “nationalism” and how this “field” will be accessed. In replacing Brubaker’s “nationalizing state” with “nationalizing regime” we do not move to a more coherent set of actors but toward a vaguer, less graspable “power field”: “the space of interchangeable positions of actors involved in the process of competing for power but also as elites relating to nonelites in the state” (11). This approach may prove confusing for some but may also be well received by others looking for a fresh approach to the study of nation building. If we accept that “nationalizing regimes are formed of the most powerful elites who manage to control and impose the specific discursive and nation-building outcomes” (7), the key question is how to access and examine these power elites. Unfortunately, the author does not include any table of those interviewed, their organizational affiliation, nor dates and locations. The book contains more in-depth quotes from those who are alienated and excluded than from the “powerful elites” determining policy and discourse.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128222716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why (not) Marry a Reindeer Herder? Gender Displacement and Gender Replacement among Izhma-Komi Reindeer Herders of Bol´shezemel´skaia Tundra","authors":"K. Istomin","doi":"10.1353/reg.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The reasons for and possible consequences of so-called gender displacement—the outflux of young women from the communities of native northerners leading traditional ways of life, which turns tundra and taiga into a specific \"male space\"—represent a topic of great concern and interest in modern Arctic anthropology. The fieldwork data on Komi reindeer herders presented in this paper suggests, however, that there is also an opposite process: some girls from settled families choose to marry reindeer herders and join them in their migrations through tundra and taiga. Based on ethnographic interviews, this paper explores the reasons and possible cultural consequences of this process, for which the term \"gender replacement\" is suggested. The interviews indicate that these girls were attracted by the relative economic stability of the reindeer herding way of life and the relatively low risk of divorce, infidelity, and alcoholism as well as by the romantic image of the nomadic way of life. Although the rate of gender replacement is certainly insufficient to offset the consequences of gender displacement, the influx of \"settled wives\" to the tundra effects important changes in the life of reindeer herders. It can be supposed that the phenomenon of gender replacement also exists in other regions and ethnic groups, which makes it an important object for anthropological research.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125878033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"We Are Komi\": Symbolic Reproduction of Ethnicity in the Works of Young Applied Artists from the Komi Republic","authors":"V. Sharapov","doi":"10.1353/reg.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I analyze the ways young applied artists and designers from the Komi Republic visualize and represent ethnicity in their works. My focus is particularly on those artists and designers who are involved in producing ethnic souvenirs and in working out \"new ethnic brands\" of the republic. I discuss the obvious \"crisis of ethnic identity\" in works of applied art: the symbols and images used in modern \"ethnic souvenirs from the Komi Republic\" are not those used in Komi mythology and folklore, and \"ethnic replicas\" are not produced using traditional techniques and decorative designs. Furthermore, designers from the Komi Republic obviously prefer constructing their own \"ethnic images\" and so-called \"decorative patterns,\" which could become recognizable \"brands\" or \"trademarks\" of the republic in the souvenir market. In my opinion, the only way to overcome this obvious \"identity crisis\" in the works of young artists and designers is to study more carefully the authentic technologies and techniques that gave rise to the unique aesthetic of Komi folk art. The discussion is placed into the context of the history of the Komi souvenir tradition and its \"model samples,\" which were created already in the Soviet period. I also discuss the penetration of Komi (Zyrian) craft techniques and decoration patterns into the traditional arts and crafts of many peoples of the North and Siberia in order to prove that folk technological and aesthetic traditions are indeed unique rather than borrowed. Modern trends in the visualization of Komi ethnicity are analyzed on the example of the history of the brand \"Vychegda wood painting and Vasilii Kandinskii\" and in the context of a discussion about the possibility of \"actualizing\" traditional artistic technologies. It can be suggested that the data and the discussion presented in this article can contribute to the debate about possible mechanisms of visualization and representation of ethnic identity in both traditional and modern folk and applied art.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127731104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regionalizm i etnichnost´ v Rossii: Istoricheskaia evoliutsiia i sovremennye politicheskie praktiki by Iu. P. Shabaev and M. A. Omarov (review)","authors":"V. Poleshchuk","doi":"10.1353/reg.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121204408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poland 1945: War and Peace by Magdalena Grzebałkowska (review)","authors":"Robert E. Blobaum","doi":"10.1353/reg.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126660201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnicity and Regional Self-Identity of Young People in the Euro-Arctic Periphery of Russia (The Case of Arkhangel´sk Oblast)","authors":"A. Podoplekin","doi":"10.1353/reg.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/reg.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article describes the current content and components of ethnic, civil, and regional (self)identification among inhabitants of Arkhangel´sk oblast, one of the most ethnically homogenous provinces of Russia, with a population that is as much as 93 percent ethnic Russians. Despite its rather peripheral position within the Russian Federation, the oblast is among the areas that have been assigned a key role in the formulation of Russian Arctic Policy. The article compares the results of the author's recent (2021) sociological survey with those of several studies on ethnicity, ethnic tensions, and tolerance performed in 2003–16. The comparison confirms that ethnic identity is less and less an issue of concern for the region's youth. Furthermore, the notion of \"Russian\" is becoming increasingly de-ethnicized: where it formerly referred to ethnic Russians only, it now applies to the wider group of those \"who speak Russian,\" \"who do something good for the state/country,\" \"for whom Russian language and culture are native independently of his/her ethnicity\" or even to any citizen or resident of Russia. This shift corresponds neatly to the definition of the \"state-forming people\" as given in the new Russian Constitution adopted in 2020. The \"transitional\" and \"post-soviet\" generations of Russian citizens who are poised to take over key positions in the state administration, politics, and business during the next decade seem to be mentally prepared to accept this definition. The study also confirms a very low level of ethnic tension in Arkhangel´sk oblast. Moreover, the results suggest that the \"Pomor Renaissance Project,\" the regional initiative of the early 2000s that sought to get the \"Pomor people\" accepted as a separate ethnos with the legal status of the Small Aboriginal People of the North, has lost its appeal for the region's youth. Most young people believe that Pomors are in fact ethnic Russians; furthermore, for them the word \"Pomor´e\" (the land of the Pomors) lacks an ethnic connotation, referring rather to Arkhangel´sk oblast as a whole or to the area adjacent to the White Sea. At the same time, the region's youth often assess negatively the state of the regional economy and social sphere as well as the level of security and the state of the job market. These negative assessments correspond to the readiness of young people to migrate to other provinces. This poses a threat to the human potential and sustainability of Arkhangel´sk oblast as a stronghold of the Russian Arctic Zone.","PeriodicalId":307724,"journal":{"name":"Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia","volume":"73 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134025703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}