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Democracy and Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of Political System and Social Disparities 民主与不平等：政治制度与社会差距的比较分析
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).36
Imran Rafique, Ameena Nasim, Rahat Shabbir
{"title":"Democracy and Inequality: A Comparative Analysis of Political System and Social Disparities","authors":"Imran Rafique, Ameena Nasim, Rahat Shabbir","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).36","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive analysis delves into the complex relationship between democracy and inequality, exploring their interplay within diverse political systems. Through theoretical perspectives, comparative case studies, and policy implications, the study uncovers the multifaceted dynamics that shape social disparities. It reveals that while democracy strives for equitable representation, persistent inequalities challenge its ideals. Case studies from the United States, Nordic countries, Brazil, and Pakistan offer insights into how economic, social, and political factors intertwine within democratic frameworks. Challenges such as populism, globalization, and governance instability intersect the pursuit of equitable societies. The analysis concludes with policy recommendations, underscoring the intricate balance between democracy and inequality in shaping the path toward more inclusive governance.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reducing Gender Gaps in Pakistan's Labor Market: Policy Options for Enhancing Women's Economic Empowerment 缩小巴基斯坦劳动力市场的性别差距：增强妇女经济权能的政策选择
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).31
Amna Munawar Khan, Muhammad Qasim Khan, Muhammad Shan Bilal
{"title":"Reducing Gender Gaps in Pakistan's Labor Market: Policy Options for Enhancing Women's Economic Empowerment","authors":"Amna Munawar Khan, Muhammad Qasim Khan, Muhammad Shan Bilal","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).31","url":null,"abstract":"This policy paper delves into the persistent gender disparities within Pakistan's labour sector, highlighting the challenges faced by women in accessing and maintaining decent employment opportunities. Despite some progress, women encounter lower labour force participation, unequal wages, and limited access to social benefits. The concentration of women in low-paying, informal sectors hampers their economic advancement and social mobility. This paper critically assesses the gender imbalance in Pakistan's labour market and proposes actionable policy alternatives to enhance women's economic empowerment. By prioritizing legislative measures, decision-makers can address the root causes of these disparities, fostering gender equality and supporting women's participation in the workforce. The implementation of effective policies is vital to not only empower women but also contribute to Pakistan's overall economic growth and development.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Portrayal of Women in TV Advertisements and its Impact on their Mental Health 电视广告中的女性形象及其对女性心理健康的影响
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).06
N. Nasir, A. Basit, Muhammad Sumair Ahmad
{"title":"The Portrayal of Women in TV Advertisements and its Impact on their Mental Health","authors":"N. Nasir, A. Basit, Muhammad Sumair Ahmad","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).06","url":null,"abstract":"The portrayal of perfect images of women in television advertisements has been studied extensively in Western media. However, women's representation in Pakistani advertisements has received little attention. Therefore, this research study was intended to explore the influence of the portrayal of perfect idealized images appearing in television advertisements and their associated effects on the mental health of women. A survey was conducted and a questionnaire was filled out by 360 female students from the University Management and Technology. The participants were asked about the perfect images of models and about their experiences being exposed to such images. Furthermore, the researcher employed the social comparison theory in order to provide the theoretical framework of the study. The results suggested that the majority of women agreed that they get disappointed after watching models having slim bodies, spotless skin and fair complexion in the Pakistani advertisements. The findings concluded that such portrayal is Psychologically harming women.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130561459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges of Social Work with Youth in Pakistan 巴基斯坦青年社会工作的挑战
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).01
M. Mursaleen, R. Bardauskiene
{"title":"Challenges of Social Work with Youth in Pakistan","authors":"M. Mursaleen, R. Bardauskiene","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).01","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has evaluated the current situation of youth social work in Karachi as well highlights the importance and key issues faced by working youth in the country. A qualitative methodology has been used for the current studty. The researcher has selected ten respondents having at least 5-10 years of experience from the education sector of Karachi. A set of 5 questions were developed that targeted the themes of gendered biasness, communication issues, safety threats, and concerns, funding problems and the impact of governmental restrictions and unrest. The results of the study highlight the vitality of communication in social organizations in order to resolve the barriers. The main safety concerns to the NGOs are from the religious and societal extremists. The government hasn’t supported the developmental and relief initiatives of the social organizations and therefore funding issues are faced by most of the institutions. The study has bridged the importance of the necessity to commence dialogue on a tabooed issue for the development and betterment of the youth of the country.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130019051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Omar El Akkad's American War: An In- Depth Study of Sarat Chestnut's Neurosis 奥马尔·埃尔·阿卡德《美国战争》的精神分析解读——对萨拉特·切斯纳特神经症的深入研究
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).02
Safia Siddiqui, Atta-e- Elahi
{"title":"A Psychoanalytical Interpretation of Omar El Akkad's American War: An In- Depth Study of Sarat Chestnut's Neurosis","authors":"Safia Siddiqui, Atta-e- Elahi","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).02","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper postulates the sociological and psychological factors responsible for prompting neurosis in the protagonist Sarat Chestnut in the novel American War (2017). It is the study of Sarat’s disturbing behavior and the constant struggle to exist in her society and bear its ill-treatment. The theories of Neurosis and Seduction; a part of the theory of psychoanalysis, have been applied to study the symptoms and causes of Sarat’s neurotic behavior. Instead of presenting neurosis as a pure medical disorder, neurosis has been discussed as a mental disturbance. Two types of neurosis i.e. compulsion neurosis and anxiety hysteria are found in Sarat. The symptoms of these two kinds of neurosis includes agoraphobia, ambivalence, traumatic fixation, disabled sublimation, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The reasons responsible for neurotic behavior of Sarat are sexual abuse, disturbed family unit, sibling rivalry, suppressed fear, and hatred, suppressed desires or drives, and societal norms.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129631414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Organizational Learning Culture on Teachers' Self-Efficacy at the Secondary Level 组织学习文化对中学教师自我效能感的影响
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).07
Fayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Irfan Malik
{"title":"Effect of Organizational Learning Culture on Teachers' Self-Efficacy at the Secondary Level","authors":"Fayyaz Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Irfan Malik","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).07","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to find out the effect of organizational learning culture on teachers’ self-efficacy at the secondary level. An organizational learning culture is a process to measure how quality dimensions such as inquiry and dialogue, continuous learning, team learning, empowerment, systems connection, providing leadership, and integrated systems were implemented within the school. Teacher self-efficacy is defined as how quality factors such as engagement of students, strategies for instruction, and management of the classroom were implemented by teachers. Multiple sampling techniques were employed to obtain data from teachers (N=729) selected randomly through involving two tools; the Dimension of Learning Culture questionnaire (DLCQ) developed by Watkins and Marsick (1996) and the Teacher Sense of Self Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tchannen and Hoy (2001). The study revealed that organizational learning culture was above average, while the teacher self-efficacy was also found an above average. The study determined a moderate relationship between both the variables (r=.41) and a 32% variance in teacher self- efficacy could also be explained through an organizational learning culture. The study involved a small sample size, future studies might be conducted involving a larger sample size to get a more vivid picture.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125299993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Psychological Effects of Political Talk Shows on Youth 政治谈话类节目对青少年心理的影响
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).05
A. Dar, S. Akhtar, Saqib Ali
{"title":"The Psychological Effects of Political Talk Shows on Youth","authors":"A. Dar, S. Akhtar, Saqib Ali","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).05","url":null,"abstract":"Examining the determinants of cultivation theory in today's society on the political attitudes of viewers is the foremost consideration of this research. Scholarly journals' investigations indicate that political talk shows have the influence to cultivate political knowledge among the viewers. This article studied consumption patterns and the psychological effects of political talk shows on males and females. It investigated how the political discourse of media cultivates political behaviour. For the purpose of the investigation, a survey method technique was employed to take the responses from 200 respondents, 100 from each segment males and females. Results revealed consumption patterns of political talk shows that cultivate negative psychological effects on viewers.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132994331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Status of Women and Marginalized Social Classes: Pakistan’s Pashtoon Society in Perspective 妇女地位与社会边缘阶层:透视巴基斯坦<e:1>的普什图社会
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).04
Anfal Afridi, Javeria Noor Sawal, Bibi Sara
{"title":"The Status of Women and Marginalized Social Classes: Pakistan’s Pashtoon Society in Perspective","authors":"Anfal Afridi, Javeria Noor Sawal, Bibi Sara","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).04","url":null,"abstract":"The prehistoric code of conduct, morality, conscience, and reprisal, known as 'Pukhtunwali,' struggled to regain its prominence during colonial rule. However, women and lower social classes were continually denied their fundamental rights. In the patriarchal Pashtun society, women's role remained limited, despite the notable contributions of several women in literature, work fields, and administrative functions. Unfortunately, women were often disregarded, and lower social classes had no rights, even though they constituted the basic unit of society and contributed their labour to society's progress. This paper aims to examine the status of women and the marginalized social classes in Pakistani society. The article explores how these groups were denied their rights and how the lack of recognition of their contributions negatively impacted society. The paper concludes by highlighting the need to address these inequalities to create a more equitable society that respects all its members.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116028186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Workplace Bullying on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance at School Level 学校层面职场欺凌对工作满意度和工作绩效的影响
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).03
Sadaf Jabeen, Fariha Gul, I. Bashir
{"title":"Effect of Workplace Bullying on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance at School Level","authors":"Sadaf Jabeen, Fariha Gul, I. Bashir","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).03","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to determine the workplace bullying, job satisfaction, job performance and their effects on teachers. This quantitative study aims to highlight the issue of bullying which badly affects teachers. The sample was comprised of all schools in Lahore. A stratified random sampling strategy was used. Four hundred teachers were selected from all schools in Lahore. The questionnaire consisted of 115 items. It was designed at a Likert. Data was analyzed through SPSS. The findings show a strong relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction and job performance. The findings highlight that demographic variables vary among teachers. The finding of this study that workplace bullying is increasing speedily, that suggests that organizational bullying might make teachers feel uncomfortable in their jobs, causing stress. These findings may be utilized to design successful solutions for not just preventing and managing bullying; but also for making schools safer for teachers.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Socio-cultural Factors to Improve English Language Skills at Secondary School Level in Multan Division 木尔坦地区社会文化因素对中学英语水平提高的作用
Global Sociological Review Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).08
Humera Bhatti, Namra Munir, Shamim
{"title":"Role of Socio-cultural Factors to Improve English Language Skills at Secondary School Level in Multan Division","authors":"Humera Bhatti, Namra Munir, Shamim","doi":"10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-i).08","url":null,"abstract":"English is taught in secondary schools in various countries, often as a required or recommended topic. Students need to want to learn the language. There are many reasons students should learn English, and schools can use these to encourage their pupils. The study's primary goal is to identify the contribution of cultural elements to the development of secondary school students' proficiency in English. It was an exercise in purely descriptive research. In order to get a representative sample of the population, the researchers adopted a multistage sampling strategy. The statistical methods of the mean score, standard deviation, and t-test were applied to the gathered data. In conclusion, secondary school students in Multan would greatly benefit from more exposure to different cultures to better their English language command. Young people's English proficiency can be fostered by creating English-speaking environments, cultural awareness, parent involvement, peer interaction, and student motivation.","PeriodicalId":305544,"journal":{"name":"Global Sociological Review","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126450338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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