Nouvelle Revue D'optique最新文献

{"title":"Theoretical study of the diffraction anomalies of holographic gratings","authors":"R. C. M. Phedran, D. Maystre","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/305","url":null,"abstract":"Recent experimental measurements made by Hutley in the visible region on holographic diffraction gratings have revealed that serious discrepancies exist between predictions based on an infinite conductivity grating theory and the actual behaviour of optical gratings. It is shown here that these discrepancies can be removed if finite conductivity effects are taken into account by the grating theory. Grids of efficiency curves calculated for gratings having sinusoidal profiles covered with aluminium are given here. It is shown how these curves may be used to estimate the groove depths of holographic gratings from their experimental efficiency curves, using as an example the data Hutley. The importance of profile distortion on the form of the efficiency curves is made evident. Theoretical data is given on the best mount for holographic gratings, and also on the range of groove depths which gives them the best blaze.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132962425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission profile of a Fabry-Perot interferometer suffering from asymmetric surface defects","authors":"G. Bhatnagar, Kehar Singh, B. N. Gupta","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/304","url":null,"abstract":"A study has been made of the transmission characteristics of a Fabry-Perot interferometer as modified by the asymmetric surface defects present on the plates. Asymmetric line profiles can be obtained if the error in the plates is not symmetrically distributed about the mean planes of the plates. Peak irradiance and shift of fringe from its integral order position have been tabulated. Such investigations are of interest in a number of problems in high resolution spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134374677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holography set-up with two reference sources","authors":"J. Surget","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/301","url":null,"abstract":"The holographic interferometry bench presented in the paper is different from conventional set-ups in that it uses a second reference source. This source can be adjusted in position, and the phase of its radiation is continuously adjustable. This improvement increases the possibilities of applications of interferometry as it authorizes experiments impossible with the conventional interferometer or a current holography set-up. The operating mode calls upon the two techniques of reference hologram and of double exposure. Three examples of application on actual cases are presented, and illustrated by photographs.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129362231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer generated holograms with continuously varying grey level. Application to the synthesis of holographic memory","authors":"J. Fleuret","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/4/302","url":null,"abstract":"Facilities of computer generated Fourier holograms are envisioned with the synthesis of a computer holographic memory in view. The computing process described is applicable to a class of objects made up of binary points. A relatively small number of samples is used, and this without any phase encoding. A double threshold amplitude saturation is performed on the Fourier transform, thus optimising the efficiency and S/N ratio, both studied on a theoretical model and by numerical simulation. Non linearities are finally cut out by a very simple filtering process implemented in incoherent light, the result being synthesis of a continuously varying grey level function. A 3 x 3 mm Fourier hologram of a 64 x 64 binary point object restores a highly acceptable image. Nevertheless the photoreduction is slow and limits storage density. A direct point by point discretely recorded hologram is proposed. For this purpose, we describe two alternate systems of a real-time computer-controlled optical microprinter. Using the above methods, characteristics are outlined for computers holographic memories.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126870373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speckle interferometry observations at Mount Palomar","authors":"A. Labeyrie","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/302","url":null,"abstract":"Speckle Interferometry has originated as an extension of methods previously used by Fizeau, Michelson and Pease for observing stellar details in the presence of atmospheric seeing. The « fine structure » of stellar images long reported by some observers of double stars is in fact a speckle pattern similar to that observable in diffused laser beams. As could be predicted from this interpretation, 1 000 speckles were found in the image given by the 5-meter Palomar telescope when observing in monochromatic light with short exposures. The fringes observed by Michelson and Pease, using a Fizeau screen on the aperture, are a special case of speckle which can be analyzed visually because of its simpler structure. The convolution of the specklesby details of the stellar object may be detected by time-averaging the autocorrelation function (or the power spectrum) of the instantaneous image, giving the autocorrelation function (or the power spectrum) of the object. Observations were carried out using a television sensor and optical processing techniques. The diameters of several supergiant stars were measured and limb darkening evidenced in α Orionis and o Ceti. A dozen stars were found to be binary, including Algol for which the predicted third body is thus evidenced. Future developments include observations at very low levels in the photon counting mode, and real time electronic processing. Use of several large telescopes in the synthetic aperture mode is also becoming feasible.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130721667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variation of the laser parameters in molecular nitrogen","authors":"J. Girardeau-Montaut, C. Girardeau-Montaut","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/305","url":null,"abstract":"Theses calculation permit to know temporal variation of the laser parameters in molecular Nitrogen:energy and density of the pumping electrons, plasma resistance, inversion rate and laser power density under given conditions (electric field and gas pressure). They can be uses with other gas showing identical inversion schemes.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123112950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of two unequally bright points with partially coherent light","authors":"T. Asakura","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/304","url":null,"abstract":"The resolution of two points having unequal intensity has been investigated under the partially coherent illumination by using the newly modified Sparrow criterion. The resolution is discussed as functions of the degree of spatial coherence of the illumination and the intensity difference of two object points. The critical resolution increases as the degree of coherence decreases, irrespective of the intensity difference of two points. As the difference between the two point intensities increases, the critical resolution decreases. The two ratios of the measurable to the real point separation and of the measurable maximum intensity to the real object intensity are studied in some detail as functions of the degree of coherence of the illumination and the difference of two point intensities.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"246 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115588626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General theory of stratified media. Applied to the research of the correction of aircraft radome errors","authors":"Ch Favier de Coulomb","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/306","url":null,"abstract":"The problem treated in this paper is the radiation disturbances of a tracking radar antenna placed in the nose of a supersonic aircraft or engin which are due to the insertion of the radome between the antenna and its environment. The two essential reasons for the errors caused by the radome are: the taperd slim form given to the radome for to keep up with aerodynamic requirements. the rotating movement of the antenna about a point centered in the radiating surface. From these two particular points it is understood that the waves starting from the antenna may cross the radome wall with important and even grazing incidence angles. Amongst the radome errors deriving from this fact and being the most undesirable one is the axis deviation of a tracking radar which we call in the following the ? radome aberration ?. The different procedures employed up to now in order to correct this aberration (local thickness variations for an example) were not completely satisfying. Hence we had to look for and to try new methods in application of new ideas. So it seems a priori to be possible to dispose of a greater number of parameters for the correction of the radome aberration by increasing the number of dielectric layers used to built up a radome wall. But the theory of satisfied media, not being simple at its base, gets rapidly still more complicated by increasing the number of dielectric layers. In the first part of the paper a general theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in stratified media, divided into an arbitrary number of dielectric layers, is established. This theory is than appplied in the second part to the study of transmission and phase of a plane wave incident on a multilayer wall at grazing angles. The research has been directed to obtain good transmission and quasi zero phase variation versus incidence, the former in order to optimize energy transmission through the radome wall, the latter in order to facilitate the correction of radome aberration thanks to small phase variation and small phase variations cause poor transmission. It is finally shown that the best compromise for the design of a engin nose radome is the monolithic wall being adapted at the limit of grazing incidence and having a high dielectric constant.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"552 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123383721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission of light pulse through a Fabry-Perot interferometer","authors":"A. Kastler","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/301","url":null,"abstract":"In the first part the author reviews the classical theory of the Fabry Perot interferometer that is applicable when the interferometer is illuminated by a light beam of coherent vibrations having long duration. In the second part, he studies how a pulse of square form is transmitted through a Fabry Perot interferometer. The two parameters of duration τ and τ' that characterize the instrument were defined. τ represents the duration of light path for a forward and backward motion between the two plates and τ' characterises the duration of the exponential attenuation of the beam due to the successive multiple reflections it suffers. In the case of the pulse having duration Θ0 > τ the emergent vibrations superpose progressively and the profile of intensity of the output pulse as a function of time is calculated. In case when Θ0 < τ the successive separated pulses do not overlap. The Fourier analysis of the signal received by a detector has been discussed in this case. In part III, the analogy between the spectrum of the signal and the optical spectrum of the Fabry Perot has been shown. In part IV, the profile of the light reflected by the Febry Perot receiving a light pulse, in the time domain, has been established and in part V the balance of light energy stored in the Fabry Perot has been established.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130705869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of difference betwen two images","authors":"S. Debrus, M. Françon, P. Koulev","doi":"10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0335-7368/5/3/303","url":null,"abstract":"The two photographs to be compared are modulated by a diffuser containing high spatial frequencies and are successively recorded on a photographic plate. The diffuser is given a small translation in its plane between the two exposures. After processing under the usual conditions of linearity, the negative is illuminated by a parallel beam of coherent light. The spectrum observed at the focus of a lens is modulated by straight parallel fringes. These fringes are broad if the translation of the diffuser between the exposures is small. A simple slit placed in the Fourier plane eliminates the light due to identical regions of the two photographs and transmits the difference, which can be seen in the image of the negative. Since the fringes in the Fourier spectrum are as wide as two centimeters, one can employ a broad source. This assures good quality reconstructions. Further as the diffuser has a structure finer than the smallest details on the photographs, the diffuser does not lower the quality of the images.","PeriodicalId":286899,"journal":{"name":"Nouvelle Revue D'optique","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122052286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}